International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org

MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING USING

SOLAR PV PANEL
Author Names: Harish kumar Rachuri, Srikanth Murkipudi (14 point)
12

Affiliation of author (10 point)

12
Affilation (10 point)

Abstract: Solar energy refers to the utilization of the radiant energy from the Sun. Solar power is used interchangeably
with solar energy, but refers more specifically to the conversion of sunlight into electricity by photovoltaic, concentrating
solar thermal devices, or by an experimental technology such as a solar chimney or solar pond.
Solar panel is nothing but Photovoltaic cells, which gives voltage directly if u place in sun light. Here if u makes
change the position of panels then power output will vary. Means, direct sunrays on solar panel can give good output
otherwise, decrease in the value of its output. So we have to track that path where the maximum power will attain.
Solar panel devices are of two types that collect energy from the sun. One is solar photovoltaic modules which
use solar cells to convert light from the sun into electricity and the other is solar thermal collector which converts the
suns energy to heat water or another fluid such as oil or antifreeze. In this project we are using the photovoltaic type.
The solar panel gives the voltage directly to the microcontroller through ADC. This solar panel should
be fixed on the stepper motor shaft so that it can easily rotate 180 degrees. The microcontroller controls the stepper motor
to rotate in desired direction. In order to attain maximum power output the microcontroller accesses the solar panel
direction continuously, which is on the shaft of stepper motor.
If maximum output attains it waits for the solar panel to acquire energy from the sun and gives the output voltage
to the microcontroller. If the output of the solar panel is going to reduce, it again starts checking for the maximum output
path. This is a cyclic process.

The main use of this project is to utilize the maximum power from the sun

Keyword: Authors are advised to writes 6 10 keywords in alphabetical order related to the major sections of their
Article. (10 point)

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International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org

I. Introduction (11 point, Bold)

In present situation everyone is facing the problem with power cuts which is creating very much trouble to the people. So,
to solve this problem we have a solution that is sun. Yes by using sun radiation we can get power i.e., the solar energy
using which we generate the power. All we are know that there are so many renewable energy sources like solar, wind,
geothermal etc. but solar energy system is very simple and easy to implement. But the main drawback of the solar system
is it is very poor efficient system. By using this project we are going to improve the efficiency of solar system.
In which solar panel will turn according to the sun rotation with predefined angle. So by using DC motor we are
going to turn the panel according to the time. Whenever the radiation of the sun falls on the solar panel it grasps the
radiation and stores in it and it will send the message to the controller about its power which is stored in it.
Microcontroller will receive this information and display on LCD. As the time passes the panel rotates with the help of
motor.

Fig. Power Tracking Using Solar Panels

Solar panels collect solar radiation from the sun and actively convert that energy to electricity. Solar panels are comprised
of several individual solar cells. These solar cells function similarly to large semiconductors and utilize a large-area p-n
junction diode. When the solar cells are exposed to sunlight, the p-n junction diodes convert the energy from sunlight into
usable electrical energy. The energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be
knocked out of their orbits and released, and electric fields in the solar cells pull these free electrons in a directional
current, from which metal contacts in the solar cell can generate electricity. The more solar cells in a solar panel and the
higher the quality of the solar cells, the more total electrical output the solar panel can produce. The conversion of
sunlight to usable electrical energy has been dubbed the Photovoltaic Effect.
The purpose of the project is to implement a system to continuously track the sun rays with the help of
the solar panel and grasping the maximum power from the sun by rotating the solar panel according to the sun rays
direction with respect to time.

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International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org

II. Paper Preparation Guidelines (11 point, Bold)

When ever the sun rays falls on the solar panel, the phenomena of generation of current starts using Photovoltaic
(PV) principle. The solar panel is attached to a DC motor, so that it rotates according to the movement of sun upto
180 degrees. The main purpose of using DC motor is to capture maximum power that comes from a Sun ray. So that
there will no loss of power tracking and makes it as a efficient system. The DC motor is started by using driving unit.
As we know that Solar Panels consists of solar cells, these solar cells converts received sun light (solar
energy) into required amount of voltage or current using p type and n type (electrons and holes) principle.
The converted output is received by rechargeable battery in form of DC and stores it for certain period of
time. The amount of charged capacity in battery is display by LCD in terms of % or volts. Whenever the battery
capacity is decreased, the buzzer starts beep sound. Here ADC is used to create interface buzzer and microcontroller.
The DC motor, driving unit, LCD and buzzer are worked under instructions of microcontroller used.
The output can be given to any applications like LED displays, television, radios or any DC load depending
upon used solar panel ratings and application rating.
If we want to use this DC output for any AC applications, a inverter is used which converts DC to AC.
Thus the project works in this way and the following picture gives complete working.

Here we have to use another battery for operating microcontroller, DC motor and Buzzer.
Preferably 5V battery

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International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

A. Font and Page Layout (10 point, Bold, Italic)
Authors are advised to prepare their Paper in separate A4 size document, then copy their
research paper and paste it in this template. Basic information regarding Table, Graphs, Figure,
Paper Margin, Font Face, and Font Size are given in these tables. All the research work of authors
is only accepted in ENGLISH language and Font face is TIMES NEW ROMAN only. Major font
and paragraph specifications are given in TABLE I. Number style used may be Number or Roman
Numerals depends on author way of writing Paper. Heading and Subheading of the section is
written as I. INTRODUCTION or 1. Introduction, it may be Uppercase or Sentence case. Try to

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International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
keep Paper precise and not more than 5 to 8 pages. All the body text is justified (not heading and
sub heading). Major details of paper layout are given in TABLE II. Line spacing remains 1.15
point throughout the paper.
TABLE I: FONT AND PARAGRAPH SPECIFICATIONS (10 point, Bold)
Fonts: Times New Roman

Font Size

Text

Align

Title of Paper

24

Bold

Centre

Authors Name

14

Normal

Centre

Author Affiliation

10

Normal

Centre

Abstract And Keywords

10

Bold

Justify

Headings

11

Bold

Centre

Sub Headings

10

Bold or/and Italic

Left/Centre

Body Text, Equations

10

Normal

Justify

References

Normal

Justify

Acknowledgement

Normal

Justify

TABLE II: PAPER LAYOUT

Header

1.2 cm

Footer

1.2 cm

Line Spacing for Body Text

Single

Top Margins of Paper

2 cm

Bottom Margins of Paper

1.6 cm

Left Margins of Paper

2.1 cm

Right Margins of Paper

1.6 cm

B. Figures, Graphs and Tables

Figures, graphs and tables should be inside the margins of page. Figure caption is placed
below the figures and written as Fig. 1. Similarly, Table caption is placed above the Tables and
written as TABLE I. Do not use to put figure inside the border. Figures, Graph and Tables captions
are flush centre and labels should be legible, 8 to 9 point. Fig. 1, is used for referring figure in the
text body. Similarly, Tables and Graphs are used for referring table and graph in the text body.
First figure starts from Fig. 1 and last figure ends with Fig. N (N is last figure of research paper).
C. Conclusion Acknowledgement and Appendix

III. Conclusion

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International Journal of Paper Publications,

Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
The project MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING USING SOLAR PV PANEL has been successfully designed and
tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of all reasoned out and
placed carefully thus contributing to the best working. The controller makes use so voltage compartor to compare the
voltage of solar pc panel and an gain the maximum voltage. Also use of solar pv panel which is used to generate the
power from sun radiation
Hence this project provides best solution for the maximam power tracking from solar pv panel.

REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.

4.

The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems

BY:MOHAMMED ALI MAZIDI & JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI
Programming and Customizing the 8051 Micro-controller
BY: MYKE PREDKO
The 8051 Micro-controller Architecture, programming & Applications
BY: KENNETH J. AYALA
Mechanism and Machine Theory
BY: J.S. RAO, R.V. DUKKIPATI

5.

The concepts and Features of Micro-controllers

BY: RAJ KAMAL

6.

Practical transistor circuit design and analysis

BY: GERALD E. WILLIAMS

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