1

Which diagram shows the electronic structure of ammonia, NH3?

The table gives the atomic structures of four particles.

W

Particle
X
Y

Protons

17

17

20

20

Neutrons

20

18

20

21

Electrons

17

18

18

20

Which particles are present together in the same ionic solid?

A
B
C
D
3

W and X
W and Y
X and Y
X and Z

Which molecule contains double covalent bonds?

A
B
C
D

Carbon dioxide, CO2

Chlorine, Cl2
Hydrogen chloride, HCl
Methane, CH4

The diagram shows the electron arrangement in a molecule of the compound YZ2.
Which pair of elements could be Y and Z?
Y
A.
B.
C.
D.

Calcium
Carbon
Oxygen
Sulphur

Z
Fluorine
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Chlorine

The ion of a newly discovered metal X has the symbol X3+. What will be the formula
of its chloride?

A
B
C
D
6

Which of the following does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
A
B
C
D

Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium metal
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium oxide

The approximate pH values of aqueous solutions of four substances commonly used

in cooking are shown. Which substance could be taken to neutralize excess acid in
the stomach?
Substance

pH

baking soda

salt

lemon juice

vinegar

Which property of ethanoic acid is not a typical property of an acid?

A
B
C
D

XCl3
X2Cl3
X3Cl
X3Cl2

It burns in air.
It reacts with copper(II) oxide.
It reacts with sodium carbonate.
It reacts with magnesium.

What is the ionic equation for the neutralization of aqueous sodium hydroxide with
dilute nitric acid?
A
B
C
D

H+ + OH H2O
HNO3 + OH H2O + NO3
Na+ + NO3 NaNO3
Na+ + HNO3 NaNO3 + H+

10 In an accident in a factory, some nitric acid was spilt. Which substance, when added
in excess, would neutralize the acid without leaving an alkaline solution?
A Aqueous ammonia
B Aqueous sodium hydroxide
C Calcium carbonate

D Water
11 __________________ is not a salt.
A
B
C
D

Calcium sulphate
Copper(II) chloride
Magnesium hydroxide
Silver iodide

12 The pH values of five aqueous solutions P, Q, R, S and T are shown.

What could the aqueous solutions be?

Ammonia

Ethanoic
acid

Hydrochloric
acid

Potassium
chloride

Potassium
hydroxide

13 The colour of Universal Indicator in each of four solutions is shown in the table.
Which solution is likely to be an acid of pH 2-3?
Colour of Universal
Indicator paper
A

Blue

Green

Red

Violet

14 Four aqueous solutions have the pH values shown in the table.

Solutio
n
pH

10

If pairs of the solutions are mixed, which pair must produce an acidic mixture?
A
B
C
D

P and Q
P and R
P and S
Q and R

15 The table shows the results of adding dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium
hydroxide to four oxides.
Which oxide is amphoteric?
Result of adding
Dilute hydrochloric
Aqueous sodium
acid
hydroxide
A

no reaction

reaction

no reaction

no reaction

reaction

reaction

reaction

no reaction

16 Which of the following is an amphoteric oxide?

A
B
C
D

Copper(II) oxide
Magnesium oxide
Sulphur dioxide
Zinc oxide

17 Which substance reacts with water to give a solution of pH value greater than 7?
A Ammonia
B Carbon dioxide

C Nitrogen dioxide
D Sodium chloride
18 Which salt can be prepared by an acid-alkali titration method?
A
B
C
D

Ammonium sulphate
Copper(II) sulphate
Iron(II) sulphate
Zinc sulphate

19 In which reaction is a salt not formed?

A
B
C
D

Copper(II) sulphate with barium chloride

Copper(II) sulphate with sodium hydroxide
Copper(II) oxide with hydrogen
Copper(II) oxide with dilute sulphuric acid

20 In the following are listed five salts and the suggested methods for preparing them.
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?

A
B
C
D

Salt

Suggested method for preparation

KCl
PbSO4
FeS
Na2CO3

neutralisation
precipitation
direct combination
neutralisation

21 The alloy solder (Pb/Sn) is used for joining metals together because it ___________.
A
B
C
D

is stronger than pure metals

appears more attractive than pure metals
has a lower melting point than pure metals
has more resistance to corrosion than pure metals

22 Which one of the following pairs of elements is present in brass?

A
B
C
D

Aluminium and zinc

Copper and zinc
Copper and lead
Copper and tin

23 Which process is used to extract aluminium metal from its ore?

A
B
C
D

By heating with copper

Electrolysis of its molten ore
Reduction using carbon
Reduction using hydrogen

24 Which substance cannot reduce iron(III) oxide to iron?

A
B
C
D

Calcium carbonate
Carbon monoxide
Coke
Hydrogen

25 An element X reacts very slowly with cold water, but reacts vigorously with steam.
Which statement about the reactivity of element X is correct?
A
B
C
D

It is less reactive than copper.

It is less reactive than iron.
It is more reactive than sodium.
It is more reactive than silver.

26 Why is limestone added to the blast furnace in the manufacture of iron?

A
B
C
D

It raises the temperature of the blast furnace.

It lowers the melting point of iron ore.
It reduces the iron ore to iron.
It removes impurities.

27 Iron occurs in nature as _____________.

A
B
C
D

iron(II) sulphate
iron(II) chloride
iron(III) chloride
iron(III) oxide

28 Which of the following is the reducing agent used in the production of iron in a blast
furnace?
A
B
C
D

Air
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Limestone

29 A student set up an experiment using iron nails, as shown. In which tube does most
rusting take place after one week?

30 The table shows some metals and their uses.

For which metal is the correct reason given for the stated use?
metal

use

reason

Aluminium

Cooking pot

High density

Copper

Electrical wiring

Good heat conductor

Iron

Manufacturing stainless steel

It rusts

Zinc

Galvanizing iron

Zinc is more reactive than iron

1. Which diagram shows the electronic structure of ammonia, NH3? C

2. The table gives the atomic structures of four particles.

W

Particle
X
Y

Protons

17

17

20

20

Neutrons

20

18

20

21

Electrons

17

18

18

20

Which particles are present together in the same ionic solid?

A.
B.
C.
D.

W and X
W and Y
X and Y
X and Z

3. Which molecule contains double covalent bonds?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Carbon dioxide, CO2

Chlorine, Cl2
Hydrogen chloride, HCl
Methane, CH4

4. The diagram shows the electron arrangement in a molecule of the compound YZ2.
Which pair of elements could be Y and Z?
Y
A.
B.
C.
D.

Calcium
Carbon
Oxygen
Sulphur

Z
Fluorine
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Chlorine

5. The ion of a newly discovered metal X has the symbol X3+. What will be the formula
of its chloride?
A
A. XCl3

B. X2Cl3
C. X3Cl
D. X3Cl2
6. Which of the following does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium metal
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium oxide

7. The approximate pH values of aqueous solutions of four substances commonly used

in cooking are shown. Which substance could be taken to neutralize excess acid in
the stomach?
A
Substance

pH

baking soda

salt

lemon juice

vinegar

8. Which property of ethanoic acid is not a typical property of an acid?

A.
B.
C.
D.

It burns in air.
It reacts with copper(II) oxide.
It reacts with sodium carbonate.
It reacts with magnesium.

9. What is the ionic equation for the neutralization of aqueous sodium hydroxide with
dilute nitric acid?
A
A.
B.
C.
D.

H+ + OH H2O
HNO3 + OH H2O + NO3
Na+ + NO3 NaNO3
Na+ + HNO3 NaNO3 + H+

10. In an accident in a factory, some nitric acid was spilt. Which substance, when added
in excess, would neutralize the acid without leaving an alkaline solution?
C
A. Aqueous ammonia
B. Aqueous sodium hydroxide
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Water

11. __________________ is not a salt.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Calcium sulphate
Copper(II) chloride
Magnesium hydroxide
Silver iodide

12. The pH values of five aqueous solutions P, Q, R, S and T are shown.

What could the aqueous solutions be?

Ammonia

Ethanoic
acid

Hydrochloric
acid

Potassium
chloride

Potassium
hydroxide

13. The colour of Universal Indicator in each of four solutions is shown in the table.
Which solution is likely to be an acid of pH 2-3?
Colour of Universal
Indicator paper
A

Blue

Green

Red

Violet

14. Four aqueous solutions have the pH values shown in the table.
Solutio
n
pH

10

If pairs of the solutions are mixed, which pair must produce an acidic mixture?
A
A. P and Q
B. P and R
C. P and S
D. Q and R
15. The table shows the results of adding dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium
hydroxide to four oxides.
Which oxide is amphoteric?

Result of adding
Dilute hydrochloric
Aqueous sodium
acid
hydroxide
A

no reaction

reaction

no reaction

no reaction

reaction

reaction

reaction

no reaction

16. Which of the following is an amphoteric oxide?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Copper(II) oxide
Magnesium oxide
Sulphur dioxide
Zinc oxide

17. Which substance reacts with water to give a solution of pH value greater than 7?
A
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen dioxide
D. Sodium chloride

18. Which salt can be prepared by an acid-alkali titration method?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Ammonium sulphate
Copper(II) sulphate
Iron(II) sulphate
Zinc sulphate

19. In which reaction is a salt not formed?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Copper(II) sulphate with barium chloride

Copper(II) sulphate with sodium hydroxide
Copper(II) oxide with hydrogen
Copper(II) oxide with dilute sulphuric acid

20. In the following are listed five salts and the suggested methods for preparing them.
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?
D

A.
B.
C.
D.

Salt

Suggested method for preparation

KCl
PbSO4
FeS
Na2CO3

neutralisation
precipitation
direct combination
neutralisation

21. The alloy solder (Pb/Sn) is used for joining metals together because it ___________.
A
A.
B.
C.
D.

is stronger than pure metals

appears more attractive than pure metals
has a lower melting point than pure metals
has more resistance to corrosion than pure metals

22. Which one of the following pairs of elements is present in brass? B

A.
B.
C.
D.

Aluminium and zinc

Copper and zinc
Copper and lead
Copper and tin

23. Which process is used to extract aluminium metal from its ore?
A.
B.
C.
D.

By heating with copper

Electrolysis of its molten ore
Reduction using carbon
Reduction using hydrogen

24. Which substance cannot reduce iron(III) oxide to iron?

A. Calcium carbonate

B. Carbon monoxide
C. Coke
D. Hydrogen
25. An element X reacts very slowly with cold water, but reacts vigorously with steam.
Which statement about the reactivity of element X is correct?
D
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is less reactive than copper.

It is less reactive than iron.
It is more reactive than sodium.
It is more reactive than silver.

26. Why is limestone added to the blast furnace in the manufacture of iron? D
A.
B.
C.
D.

It raises the temperature of the blast furnace.

It lowers the melting point of iron ore.
It reduces the iron ore to iron.
It removes impurities.

27. Iron occurs in nature as _____________.

A.
B.
C.
D.

iron(II) sulphate
iron(II) chloride
iron(III) chloride
iron(III) oxide

28. Which of the following is the reducing agent used in the production of iron in a blast
furnace?
C
A.
B.
C.
D.

Air
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Limestone

29. A student set up an experiment using iron nails, as shown. In which tube does most
rusting take place after one week?
A

30. The table shows some metals and their uses.

For which metal is the correct reason given for the stated use?

metal

use

reason

Aluminium

Cooking pot

High density

Copper

Electrical wring

Good heat conductor

Iron

Manufacturing stainless steel

It rusts

Zinc

Galvanizing iron

Zinc is more reactive than iron

Section A [40m]
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. A solid compound X was heated steadily for 20 minutes. Its temperature varied as
shown in the graph below.

(a) At what temperature did compound X melt? __________________

[1]

(b) What is the highest temperature at which X can exist as a solid?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(c) Would you expect X to be a solid, liquid or gas at the following temperatures?
[1]
(i)
26C
_______________________
(ii)

50C

_______________________

(iii)

100C

_______________________

2. The atmosphere on a strange planet consists entirely of a green chemical element.

Scientists studying the planet have given the element the chemical symbol Ze.
The element does not conduct electricity. It combines with other elements to make
covalent and ionic compounds. It forms the ion Ze.
(a) From the information above, give two reasons why the element should be classed
as a non-metal.
[2]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

(b) Another element occurring on the planet is given the symbol Yn. It has a valency
of 3 in its compound with Ze.
Write the formula of this compound of Yn and Ze.

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(c) Suggest why hydrogen will not burn on the planet to form water.

[1]

__________________________________________________________________

3. (a) Explain briefly, in terms of the ions in solution, the reason for the differences
in acidity and alkalinity of dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide and
water.
[2]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(b) A farmer decided to neutralize and fertilise his soil by adding at the same time
both calcium oxide and an ammonium salt. Why was he wasting his time and
money?
[1]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. The scale in kettles contains calcium carbonate. Aminosulphonic acid is used to
remove this scale. This acid reacts with the scale and produces a gas.
The following apparatus was used to collect gas formed when an excess of the acid
was added to a small amount of the scale.

(a) How could you tell that a gas is produced?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(b) Name the gas produced.

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
5. Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with a base such as sodium hydroxide.
(a) What word is used to describe this type of reaction?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(b) What are formed when any acid reacts with any base?

[2]

________________ and __________________

(c) What is the chemical formula of sulphuric acid? ________________ [1]
(d) State one use of sulphuric acid.

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
6. (a) How can ammonia gas be made from ammonium sulphate?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(b) When ammonia is dissolved in water, aqueous ammonia results.
How could you show that aqueous ammonia is alkaline?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
(c) An excess of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous ammonia drop by drop.
(i) What happens to the pH of the mixture?

[2]

__________________________________________________________________
(ii) State the formula of the salt formed.

[1]

__________________________________________________________________

7. State the method of extraction suitable for the following metals :

(a)

Sodium

_________________________

(b)

Zinc

_________________________

(c)

Calcium

_________________________

8. Complete the following table below.

Name of alloy

Main elements present in

alloy

[3]

[3]
Important use of alloy

(a) stainless steel

(b) mild steel

Motorcar bodies, machinery

9. (a) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, why an alloy is stronger than a pure metal.
[4]

Pure metal

Alloy

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

(b) Iron is often alloyed to reduce rusting. Name an element used for this purpose.
[1]
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Suggest why
(a)

[2]

mild steel should not be used for making knives and forks.
__________________________________________________________________

(b)

aluminium is used in the manufacture of airplane wings.

__________________________________________________________________
11. Rust is also known as iron(III) oxide.

(a)

State the conditions for rusting to take place.

[2]

__________________________________________________________________

(b)

(i)

Give two methods of rust prevention.

[2]

__________________________________________________________________
(ii)

Explain how one of the methods you have given in (i) prevents rusting.
[1]

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

SECTION B [ 30m]
Answer any THREE questions in the writing papers provided.
B1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
(a) An ore of iron, A, is mixed with coke and limestone and loaded into a blast furnace.
Hot B is blasted in through a ring of pipes at the base of the furnace.
The coke burns producing gas C which is reduced by reaction with more coke to give
gas D. This gas reduces the iron ore to iron.
The limestone decomposes to form carbon dioxide and a white solid E which reacts
with silica, SiO2, to give a molten slag containing calcium silicate.
(i)

Identify A, B, C, D and E.

[5]

(ii)

Compound E is basic. What does this tell you about a chemical property of
silica?
[1]

(iii)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron ore and gas
D.
[1]

(b) Describe what you would see if pieces of zinc metal were placed in a solution of
copper(II) sulphate.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, including the state symbols for
the reactants and products.
[3]

B2. Copper(II) sulphate crystals, CuSO4, are soluble in water.

(a) Describe how these crystals could be prepared from a named dilute acid and a suitable
compound of copper.
[8]
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for the reaction above.
[2]

B3.

(a) Explain, with a labeled diagram of the apparatus you would use, for obtaining
pure water from seawater.
[4]
(b) These two drawings show the results of putting strips of magnesium and
chromium into tin chloride solutions.

(a)

Use these results to decide whether tin is

(i)

more or less reactive than magnesium

(ii)

more or less reactive than chromium

[2]

(b) Draw a labeled diagram of a similar experiment which will enable

you to decide the order of reactivity of chromium and magnesium.

[2]

(c) State the method you would use to separate the following:

[2]

(i)

The dyes that are present in ink.

(ii)

B4.

Sulphur from a mixture of powdered sulphur and iron filings.

(a) Explain what is meant by The relative atomic mass of holmium is 165.[1]
(b) Explain how it is possible for the relative mass of chlorine to be 35.5 when
atomic nucleus contains only whole numbers of protons and neutrons. [2]

each

(c) Show, by means of a diagram, the arrangement of electrons in an atom of

nitrogen-15.
[Proton number = 7 and Mass number = 15]
Include in your diagram the composition of the nucleus of the atom.

[2]

(d) The figure is a diagram showing the atomic structure of an isotope of common
element X.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

State the proton number of X.

State the nucleon number of this isotope of X.
Is X a metal or non-metal. Give a reason for your answer.
In which group would you place element X? Give a reason for your
answer.
Write the formula of the ion of X that you would expect to exist in its
ionic compound.
[5]

Section A [40m]
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1

A solid compound X was heated steadily for 20 minutes. Its temperature varied as
shown in the graph below.

(a) At what temperature did compound X melt? 40C

[1]

What is the highest temperature at which X can exist as a solid?

39C - 39.9C [accepted]

Would you expect X to be a solid, liquid or gas at the following temperatures?

[1]
(i)
26C
solid
(ii)

50C

liquid

(iii)

100C

gas

[1]

The atmosphere on a strange planet consists entirely of a green chemical element.

Scientists studying the planet have given the element the chemical symbol Ze.
The element does not conduct electricity. It combines with other elements to make
covalent and ionic compounds. It forms the ion Ze.
a

From the information above, give two reasons why the element should be classed
as a non-metal.
[2]

Does not conduct electricity, forms a negative ion, gas

b

Another element occurring on the planet is given the symbol Yn. It has a valency
of 3 in its compound with Ze.
Write the formula of this compound of Yn and Ze.

YnZe3

[1]

Suggest why hydrogen will not burn on the planet to form water.
No oxygen present in the planets atmosphere.

[1]

(a) Explain briefly, in terms of the ions in solution, the reason for the differences
in acidity and alkalinity of dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide and
water.
[2]
Acid contains hydrogen ions only. Alkali contains hydroxide ions only. Water
contains the same number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

A farmer decided to neutralize and fertilise his soil by adding at the same time
both calcium oxide and an ammonium salt. Why was he wasting his time and
money?
[1]
Calcium oxide, being a base will react with ammonium salt.

The scale in kettles contains calcium carbonate. Aminosulphonic acid is used to

remove this scale. This acid reacts with the scale and produces a gas.
The following apparatus was used to collect gas formed when an excess of the acid
was added to a small amount of the scale.

(a) How could you tell that a gas is produced?

Bubbles seen / movement of syringe

[1]

(b) Name the gas produced.

Carbon dioxide gas

[1]

Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with a base such as sodium hydroxide.

(a) What word is used to describe this type of reaction?
Neutralisation reaction

[1]

(b) What are formed when any acid reacts with any base?

[2]

Salt and water

(c) What is the chemical formula of sulphuric acid? H2SO4 [1]
d

State one use of sulphuric acid.

[1]

Manufacture fertilizers / manufacture detergents / in car batteries

6

(a) How can ammonia gas be made from ammonium sulphate?

By reacting with a base
b

[1]

When ammonia is dissolved in water, aqueous ammonia results.

How could you show that aqueous ammonia is alkaline?
[1]
Red litmus paper turns blue/ pH meter shows a value above 8/ Universal
indicator turns purple.

An excess of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous ammonia drop by drop.

(i) What happens to the pH of the mixture?
pH value decreases [1] to a pH value of less than 7 [1].

[2]

(ii) State the formula of the salt formed. NH4Cl

[1]

State the method of extraction suitable for the following metals :

(a)

Sodium

electrolysis

(b)

Zinc

reduction

(c)

Calcium

electrolysis

Complete the following table below.

Name of alloy

[3]

[3]

Main elements present in

alloy

(a) stainless steel

Iron, chromium

(b) mild steel

Iron, Carbon

Important use of alloy

Surgical instruments/
cutlery
Motorcar bodies, machinery

(a) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, why an alloy is stronger than a pure metal.
[4]
Same sized atoms closely
packed and in regular
pattern [1]

Pure metal

2 different sized atoms,

close together, not
regularly ordered [1]

Alloy

In a pure metal, the atoms are arranged in an orderly manner [1/2]. When
force is applied, the layers of atoms are able to slide past each other [1/2]. In
an alloy, the bigger atoms disrupt [1/2] the regular arrangement which
prevents [1/2] the layers of atoms from sliding past each other.

Iron is often alloyed to reduce rusting. Name an element used for this purpose.
[1]
Chromium / Carbon / Nickel

10 Suggest why

[2]

mild steel should not be used for making knives and forks.
Mild steel can rust

aluminium is used in the manufacture of airplane wings.

Low density
11 Rust is also known as iron(III) oxide.

State the conditions for rusting to take place.

Air / Oxygen and water/water vapour
(b)

[2]

(i)
Give two methods of rust prevention.
Paint, grease, galvanise, sacrificial protection

[2]

ii

Explain how one of the methods you have given in (i) prevents rusting.
[1]
The coating prevents the iron from being in contact with oxygen and
water.

SECTION B [ 30m]
Answer any THREE questions in the writing papers provided.
B1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
a

An ore of iron, A, is mixed with coke and limestone and loaded into a blast furnace.
Hot B is blasted in through a ring of pipes at the base of the furnace.
The coke burns producing gas C which is reduced by reaction with more coke to give
gas D. This gas reduces the iron ore to iron.
The limestone decomposes to form carbon dioxide and a white solid E which reacts
with silica, SiO2, to give a molten slag containing calcium silicate.
(i)

Identify A, B, C, D and E.

A haematite / iron(III) oxide

B air
C carbon dioxide
D carbon monoxide
E calcium oxide
[Formulae may be accepted]

[5]
sp -1/2m

ii

Compound E is basic. What does this tell you about a chemical property of
silica?
[1]
Silica is acidic.

iii

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron ore and gas
D.
[1]
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

not bal 0m

Describe what you would see if pieces of zinc metal were placed in a solution of
copper(II) sulphate.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, including the state symbols for
the reactants and products.
[3]
Blue colour solution turns colourless [1/2]. Pink solid is deposited [1/2].
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq)

bal eqn [1], ss [1]

B2. Copper(II) sulphate crystals, CuSO4, are soluble in water.

a

Describe how these crystals could be prepared from a named dilute acid and a suitable
compound of copper.
[8]
Heat dilute sulphuric acid in a beaker
Add copper(II) oxide/copper(II) carbonate until excess and
stir.
Filter the mixture
Evaporate most of the water in an evaporating dish
Leave to cool
Each step 1m, each reactant 1m
b

Write a balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for the reaction above.
[2]
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

bal eqn [1], ss [1]

B3.

(a) Explain, with a labeled diagram of the apparatus you would use, for obtaining
pure water from seawater.
[4]
Pure water can be obtained by seawater by simple distillation[1]. When the
temperature reaches 100C [1], pure water will be distilled out through the
condenser.
Diagram of simple distillation [2]
(b) These two drawings show the results of putting strips of magnesium and
chromium into tin chloride solutions.

(a)

Use these results to decide whether tin is

[2]

(i)

more or less reactive than magnesium

less reactive

(ii)

more or less reactive than chromium

less reactive

(b) Draw a labeled diagram of a similar experiment which will enable

you to decide the order of reactivity of chromium and magnesium.

[2]

similar diagram but using chromium and magnesium chloride /

magnesium with chromium chloride.
(c) State the method you would use to separate the following:

B4.

[2]

The dyes that are present in ink.

chromatography

ii

Sulphur from a mixture of powdered sulphur and iron filings.

Magnetic attraction

(a) Explain what is meant by The relative atomic mass of holmium is 165.[1]
The TOTAL NUMBER of protons and neutrons in an atom of holmium is 165
(b) Explain how it is possible for the relative mass of chlorine to be 35.5 when
atomic nucleus contains only whole numbers of protons and neutrons. [2]
Chlorine has two isotopes with different abundance. [1]
Cl 35 75% and Cl 37 25% [1]

each

(c) Show, by means of a diagram, the arrangement of electrons in an atom of

nitrogen-15.
[Proton number = 7 and Mass number = 15]
Include in your diagram the composition of the nucleus of the atom.

[2]

Similar diagram as below showing 7protons and 8 neutrons [1].

Electronic structure showing 2,8,5 [1 paired and 3 single electrons] [1]
d

The figure is a diagram showing the atomic structure of an isotope of common

element X.

State the proton number of X.

17

ii

State the nucleon number of this isotope of X. 37

iii

Is X a metal or non-metal. Give a reason for your answer.

Non-metal. It has 7 valence electrons belonging to Group 7/ forms

a negative ion since it has to gain one electron to form an octet.
[1] if correct explanation
iv

In which group would you place element X? Give a reason for your
answer.
Group 7. It has 7 valence electrons.
[1] if correct explanation

Write the formula of the ion of X that you would expect to exist in its
ionic compound.
X [1] / Cl (1/2m)
[5]