ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGN ESTIMATION

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FOR 3 STAR HOTEL INFRASTRUCTURE

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MOHD FITRI BIN ADENAN

Report submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical Systems Engineering)

JUN 2011

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Firstly I would like to express praise Allah the Almighty, which have helped and guided

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me in completing my final year project. My all most gratitude goes to Mr Anayet Karim who
was willingly given his time and effort when I needed help, advice and suggestions at the various

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stage development of this project. Not only that a lot of thankfulness for his kindness and

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willingness to guide me until this project has done. He had given me advices and taught me the

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procedure on doing this project. His contributions and personal sacrifices are truly appreciated
and will be remembered. I would also like to express my full appreciation to them for guiding me

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until this report was completed. In additional my thanks also go to my friends who help me
especially in hands on training of how to use AutoCAD. Besides, I also gained my knowledge in

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Software Skills. They open the ways and help me on how to solve the faced problem in my final

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year project. My thanks are also reserved for other academic and administrative staffs, which

have been helping me directly and indirectly towards completion of this thesis. Finally, my

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deepest gratitude and special thank you are for my family for their support, understanding and

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encouragement during the past months. Lastly, I hope that my objective to Mechanical &

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Electrical Design Estimation For 3 Star Hotel Infrastructure will be achieved and can be applied

by other colleagues.

DECLARATION SHEET

I hereby declare that my Final Year Project Thesis is the result of my research work under
supervision of Mr Anayet Karim . All literature sources used for the writing of this thesis

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have been adequately referenced.

: MOHD FITRI BIN ADENAN

Candidate number

: 071090465

Supervisor

: MR ANAYET KARIM

Title of thesis

: ELECTRICAL

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Name

AND

MECHANICAL

DESIGN

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ESTIMATION FOR 3 STAR HOTEL INFRASTRUCTURE

Candidates signature: . . Supervisor signature: ...

Date: ..

Date: ..

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APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET

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This project report titled Electrical & Mechanical Design Estimation For 3 Star Hotel

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Infrastructure was prepared and submitted by Mohd Fitri Bin Adenan (Matrix
Number: 071090465) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and

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presentation as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering

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(Electrical Systems Engineering) in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).

_______________________
(ANAYET KARIM)
Project Supervisor

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Checked and Approved by

School of Electrical Systems Engineering

Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Jun 2011

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MENGENALPASTI SERTA MENGANGGAR REKABENTUK ELEKTRIKAL &

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MEKANIKAL UNTUK INFRASTRUKTUR HOTEL 3 BINTANG

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ABSTRAK

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Projek ini membincangkan tentang kerja-kerja menganggar dan mengenalpasti

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rekabentuk Elektrikal & Mekanikal (M&E) untuk hotel 3 bintang, Hotel Putra Palace, Perlis.
Projek ini banyak mengutamakan kerja-kerja yang berdasarkan ekperimental pengumpulan data.

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Pemerhatian di tapak kerja adalah hal penting yang utama untuk mendapatkan semua maklumat
dan data yang berkaitan dengan kerja Elektrikal & Mekanikal (M&E) di Hotel Putra Palace,

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Perlis. Lukisan yang menggunakan AutoCAD juga penting untuk projek ini terutamanya yang

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membabitkan gambar rajah pelan, gambar rajah litar skema dan gambar rajah pelan pendawaian

supaya memudahkan kerja merujuk pada struktur bangunan. Projek tahun akhir ini (FYP) akan

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mendedahkan diri kepada kerja yang berorientasikan amal praktikal dan idea untuk

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menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Penekanan yang diberikan untuk mencari konsep rekabentuk untuk

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indeks bilik, pemilihan kabel, papan pengagihan, pemutus litar, rekabentuk pencawang, bas bar

ducting dan semua yang pemilihan yang berkaitan unsur-unsur Elektrikal & Mekanikal (M&E).

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ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGN ESTIMATION FOR POWER 3 STAR

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HOTEL INFRASTUCTURE

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ABSTRACT

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This project discusses about Electrical & Mechanical (M&E) Design Estimation for 3

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Star Hotel, Putra Palace Hotel, Perlis. This project mainly to search for experimental work based
on data collection and design estimation for Electrical and Mechanical (M&E) work. The

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observation work on sites is the main important thing in order to get all information and data
related to M&E work in Putra Palace Hotel, Perlis. An AutoCAD drawing is also important for

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this project especially drawing of site plan schematic wiring diagram, electrical layout diagram,

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layout plan with referent to easily recognize building and structure. This Final Years Project

(FYP) will get practical field oriented hands on idea to complete the work. The emphasis given

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to find the design concept for room index, cable selection, distribution board, substation

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estimation, bus bar ducting and all Electrical & Mechanical (M&E) elements selection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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APPROVAL AND DECLARATION

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ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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LIST OF TABLES

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LIST OF FIGURES

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LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Introduction

1.2

Aims & Objective

1.3

Problem Statement/Gap

1.4

Scope of the Project

1.5

Project Overview

1.6

Outline of the Project

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1.1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Introduction

2.2

Goal of System Design

2.3

Interior Lighting

2.3.1

Maintenance Factor

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2.3.2 Co-Efficient of Utilization (CU)

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2.3.3 Room Index

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2.3.4 The utilization factor (UF)

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2.3.5 Fluorescent Lampr

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2.4

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2.3.5.2 List of Components

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2.3.5.3 Connection Diagram

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Ballast Effect

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2.3.6

2.3.5.1 A Fluorescent Overview

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Introduction of Air Conditioner Estimation

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2.4.1 Air Conditioning Estimation

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2.4.2 Cooling Capacity

2.4.3 Heat Load

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2.4.4 Heat Load Calculation

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2.4.4.1 Floor Area of Room

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2.4.4.2 Window Size and Position

2.4.4.3 Occupants

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2.4.4.5 Lighting

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2.4.4.6 Total Cooling required

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2.4.4.10Air Conditioner Component Parts

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2.4.4.11Air Conditioner Block Diagram

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2.4.4.9 The Circuit & Cycle Diagram

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2.4.4.8 The Horse Power Estimation

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2.4.4.4 Equipment

2.4.4.7 Number of Air Conditioner units required

2.5

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Distribution Board

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2.5.1 Selecting a Distribution Scheme

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2.5.2 Final Circuit

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2.5.2.1 Definition of a Final Circuit

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2.5.2.2 Socket Outlet

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2.5.2.3 IEE Regulation for Final Circuit

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2.5.2.4 Final Circuit Distribution

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2.5.3 Main Component Distribution Board

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2.5.3.1 Residual Current Cirucuit Breaker (RCCB) or Earth Leakage Circuit

Breaker (ELCB)

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2.5.3.2 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) & Moulded Case Circuit Breaker
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2.5.3.3 List of Components

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Cable Selection and Installation

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(MCCB)

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2.6.1 Choosing the Correct Size Cable in Wiring

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2.6.2 Total Connected Load (TCL)

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2.6.3 Group Diversity

2.6.4 Maximum Demand

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2.6.5 Current Carrying capacity

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Hot & Cold Water System

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2.6.6 Voltage Drop

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2.7.4 Suggested Design Process

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2.7.5 Standard Type of Basin and Shower Tap

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2.7.2 Notes on System Design

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2.7.6 List of Components Water System

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2.8.1 Fire Protection System

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2.8.2 Fire Fighting System

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2.8.3 Fire Alarm Panel

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2.8.4 List of Components in Fire System

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PA System

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2.9.1 PA System Design Consideration

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2.9.2 Clean Sound

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2.9.3 Clear Sound

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2.9.4 Intelligible Sound

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2.9.5 Natural Sound

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Fire System

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2.7.5.2 Shower & Bathtub Tap

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2.7.1 Hot Water System Pressurization

2.7.5.1 Basin Tap

2.8

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2.9.7 Evenly Dispersed Sound

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2.9.8 Adequate Sound Level

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2.9.9 List of Components in PA System

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Soil Resistivity

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2.10.1 Theory of Soil Resistivity

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2.9.6 Balance Sound

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2.10.2 Common Earthing Systems

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2.10.3 List of Components Earthing System

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Introduction

3.2

Level one: Information Gathering Method

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3.3

Level Two: Data Collection Method

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3.4

Level Three: The Estimation Method

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3.5

Level Four : Drawing Method

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3.6

Interior Lighting Estimation Methodology

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3.7

Air Conditioner Estimation Methodology

3.8

Exhaust Fan Estimation Methodology

3.9

Cable Selection Estimation Methodology

3.10

Transformer Design Estimation Methdology

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3.11

Summary

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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1

Introduction

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4.2

Interior Lighting Estimation

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4.2.1 Interior Lighting Estimation for Suite Room

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4.2.2 Interior Lighting Estimation for Suite, King, & Standard Room

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4.2.3 Other Interior Lighting

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Air Conditioner Estimation

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4.3

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4.4

4.3.1 Air Conditioner Estimation for Suite Room Area

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4.3.2 Air Conditioner Estimation for Other Room

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4.3.3 Exhaust Fan for Bathroom

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Estimation of Total Load

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4.4.1 Total Connected Load (TCL) & Maximum Demand (MD)

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4.4.1.1 TCL and MD for Standard Room

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4.4.1.2 TCL and MD for King Room

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4.4.1.3 TCL and MD for Suite Room

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4.4.1.4 TCL and MD for Passageway, Lobby and Staicase Area

4.5.1 Total Load for 3rd Floor to 10th Floor

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4.5.2 Total Estimation Load for The Hotel

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Total Load for The Hotel

4.5

4.6

Distribution Board Design

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4.5.3 Cable Size Selection for Wiring Circuit

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4.6.2 Size of Incoming Cable Distribution Board of Suite Room

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4.6.1 Fuse Rating for MCB

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4.6.3 Rating of Incoming MCCB & RCCB Distribution Board (DB) for Suite Room 75

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4.6.4 Size of Incoming Cable, Rating MCCB and RCCB Distribution Board for Suite,

King, Standard Room and Lobby Area

Bus Bar Ducting System

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4.7

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Main Switchboard (MSB) Design

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4.8.1 Rating of MCCB in Main Switchboard and Size of Outgoing Cable

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4.8.2 Rating of MCCB in MSB for Bus Duct and Essential Switchboard

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4.9

Standby Generator Set

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4.10

Simple Substation Calculation

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4.7.1 Rating of Bus Duct

4.10.1 Transformer Estimation

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4.10.2 Transformer Tail Cables

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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.1

Conclusion

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5.2

Recommendation for Future Project

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REFERENCE

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APPENDICES

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Utilization Factor

Appendix B

Standard Lumens for Menthol / Tube Lighting

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Appendix C

Lux Regulation (JKR Standard)

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Appendix D

Example of Exhaust Fan ( KDK Company)

Appendix E

Electrical Arrangement for Hotel Room

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Appendix F

Voltage Drop & Rating of MCCB for Single Phase and Three Phase

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Appendix G

Schematic Diagram of DB for Hotel Room

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Appendix H

Bus Bar Ducting Rating and Example of Arrangement ( LG Company)

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Appendix I

Detail Distribution Load System for Whole Building

Appendix J

Air Conditioner Detail View

Appendix K

Architecture Drawing

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Appendix A

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No.

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Typical Reflectance Values

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2.2

Typical Reflectance Values Recommends in Offices / Command Rooms

2.3

List of Fluorescent Lamp Components

2.4

Minimum Energy Performance Standard(MEPS) for Fluorescent lamp Ballast

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2.5

List of Air Conditioner Components

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2.6

List of Distribution Board Components

2.7

Typical values of cable size available plus corresponding current rating and maximum

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2.1

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Typical value for diversity factor for various customer classes

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2.9

List of Items in Water System

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2.10

List of Items in Fire System

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2.11

List of Items in PA System

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2.12

List if Items in Earthing System

4.1

Interior Lighting Estimation

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4.2

Air Conditioner Estimation

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4.3

Calculation TCL and MD for Standard Room

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4.4

Calculation TCL and MD for King Room

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Calculation TCL and MD for Suite Room

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4.6

Calculation TCL and MD for Lobby Area

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4.7

Total Load for Hotel

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4.8

Cable Sizing for Wiring in Standard Design

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4.9

Fuse Rating Rules for MCB Design

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4.10

Rating MCCB and Size Incoming Cable for 3rd Floor

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4.11

Rating of MCCB and Size outgoing Cable for Ground, 1st and 2nd Floor in MSB

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4.12

The recommend maximum planning load demands

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4.13

Transformer Tail

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power rating

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Flow Chart of Project Overview

2.1

Basic of Building System

2.2

Diagram of Preheat Circuit Fluorescent Lamp

2.3

Diagram of Instant Start Circuit Fluorescent Lamp

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2.4

Diagram of Rapid Start Circuit Fluorescent Lamp

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2.5

Connection Diagram of Fluorescent Lamp

2.6

Cycle Diagram of Air Conditioner

2.7

Block Diagram of Air Conditioner

2.8

Two Pole (2P) Residual Current Circuit Breaker

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2.9

Different Rating Type of MCB

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2.10

Example of Single Line Diagram for DB

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2.11

Hot & Cold Water Systems

2.12

Hot & Cold Water System Using Boosters Pumps

2.13

Single Lever Basin Tap

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2.14

Twin Handle Basin Tap

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2.15

Shower Tap

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Bathtub Mixer Tap

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2.17

Twin Handle Bathtub Mixer Tap

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2.18

Shower & Bathtub Mixer Tap Combine

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2.19

Smoke Detector

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2.20

Heat Detector

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2.21

Sprinkler

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3.1

Information Gathering Method

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3.2

Procedure of Interior Lighting System

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3.3

Procedure of Total Cooling Requirement

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Figure No.

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Procedure of Air Conditioner Estimation

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3.5

Procedure of Design Exhaust Fan

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3.6

Procedure of Determine The Incoming Cable to Distribution Board

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3.7

Procedure of Determine The Size of Transformer

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3.4

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LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE

University Malaysia Perlis

TNB

Tenaga Nasional Berhad

JKR

Jabatan Kerja Rasa

IEE

Institute of Electrical Engineers

IES

Illumination Engineer Society

SIRIM

Standard and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia

HP

Horsepower

KVA

Kilo Volt-Ampere

KW

Kilowatt

KWh

Kilowatt hours

LUX

SI Unit of Illuminance

MF

Maintenance Factor

Room Index

CU

Co-efficient of Utilization

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BTU

MSB

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Utilization Factor

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UniMAP

British Thermal Unit

Fahrenheit
Main Switchboard

DB

Distribution Board

CFM

Cubic Feet per Minutes

TCL

Total Connected Load

MD

Maximum Demand

HVAC

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

SPN

Single Pole Neutral

TPN

Three Pole Neutral

RCD / RCCB

Residual Current Device / Residual Current Circuit Breaker

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Miniature Circuit Breaker

MCCB

Moulded Case Circuit Breaker

ELCB

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

DF

Diversity Factor

NRV

Non Return Valve

MWS

Main Water Service

HWS

Hot Water Service

LTHW

Low Temperature Hot Water

F&R

Flow and Return

PA

Power Amplifier

N.E.B

National Electric Board

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

HT

High Tension

LV

Low Voltage

Al

Aluminum

Cu

Copper

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MCB

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