DESIGN OF R.C.C.

CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

DATA
Height of embankment above G.L.
Density of soil e

16

kN/m3

SBC of soil qa

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

160
0.5
30
40
2.5
20
415

kN/m2

Coeffcient of friction
Angle of Repose (Angle of shearing resistance )
Surcharge Pressure Ws
Equivalent height of surcharge hs
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Steel
Earth pressure coeifficients
Ca
Cp

deg
kN/m2
m
N/mm2
N/mm2

4m
h = 5.25 m

=
=

0.333
3

Minimum depth of foundation

Provide depth of foundation
Overall depth of Wall 'h'
Thickness of Base Slab
Provide Thickness of Base Slab

=
=
=
=
=

1.1
1.25
5.25
620
620

m
m
m
mm
mm

Stem Thickness ( Assume)

650

mm

Stem Thickness at Top

Required Width of Base Slab 'W'
Required Projection
'X'
Provide Required Width of Base Slab 'W'
Provide Projection
'X'

=
=
=
=
=

200
3.875
2.58
3.9
2.6

mm
m
m
m
m

=
=
=
=

160
70
74
312.4

kN
kN
kN
kN-m

(per m length of wall)

m
kN-m

(per m length of wall)

PRELIMINARY PROPORTIONS
1.25 m

620
mm

STABILITY AGAINST OVERTURNING

Force due to Active Pressure Pa
Pa1
Pa2
Overturning Moment Mo

Force (kN)
W1 = 273.8
W2 = 23.15
W3 = 9.4
W4 = 60.45
Wi =
367

Distance from Heel

1.2
2.50
2.25
1.95

Distance of vertical force from Heel Xw = Mw/Wi

Stabilising Moment at Toe Mr = Wi ( W-Xw)

=
=
=
=

Moment (kN-m)
329
58
21
118
Mw =
525
=
=

1.432
906

(FS) overturning = 0.9 Mr/Mo

2.6

=
=
=

367
2.283
0.350

=
=

145
43

kN/m2
kN/m2

=
=

144
184

kN
kN

1.15

Overturning Check Statisfied

SOIL PRESSURE AT FOOTING BASE

Resultant vertical reaction = R = Wi
Distance from heel
Lr = (Mw + Mo)/R
Eccentricity e = Lr - W/2
Pressure at Base
Pmax
Pmin

kN
m
m

OK
< than SBC hence ok

STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING

Sliding Force Pa = Pa1 +Pa2
Resisting Force F = R ( Ignoring passive pressure
on toe side)
(FS)Sliding
=
0.9F/Pa cos
Shear Key Has to be Designed
0.3 m neglect
Size of Shear Key
Height
Breadth
Distance from Toe
Pp = Cp x e x (h22-h12)/2
Therefore,
(FS)Sliding

=
=
=

300
400
1600

mm
mm
mm

92

kN
h2

1.73

Stabilty Check satisfied

200 mm

surcharge

hs = 2.50
m

W2

Pa1

h' =
7.75
m

W1

Pa2

W3

h/2
h/3
650 mm
W4

1.3

X = 2.6

Ca x e x h
Ca x e x hs = Ca x Ws

3.9 m

(a) Forces on Wall (With preliminary proportions)

Mo =

312.375 kN-m/m
1.432 m

W =

367 kN/m

BC hence ok
145
kN/m2

43
kN/m2
1.95 m
R=W
Xr = 2.2875 m
(b) Pressure distribution diagram

0.3 m neglect

h1
h2 =

1.3 m

0.95
2.17

1.25 m

h1
Pp

30deg

0.3 m
0.4 m

Toe

1.6
m

Heel
3.9 m

(c) Design of Shear Key

Procecdure to hide.
Sub Hide()
Dim Z As Long
Dim x As Range
Z = Range("A" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row
Set x = Range("A2:A" & Z)
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
For Each Cell In Range("A18:A" & Z)
Cell.EntireRow.Hidden = Cell.Value = True
Next Cell
End Sub

'Procecdure to unhide.
Sub UnHide()
Dim Z As Long
Dim x As Range

Z = Range("A" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row

Set x = Range("A2:A" & Z)
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
For Each Cell In Range("A18:A" & Z)
Cell.EntireRow.Hidden = False
Next Cell
End Sub

1.25

620

ows.Count).End(xlUp).Row

Updating = False
nge("A18:A" & Z)
den = Cell.Value = True

ows.Count).End(xlUp).Row

Updating = False
nge("A18:A" & Z)
den = False

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

The net pressures, acting upward, are obtained by reducing the uniformly distributed
self weight of the toe slab from the gross pressures at the base.
kN/m2
Self weight loading
=
15.5
Effective depth 'd'
Vu = 1.5 x (129+95)/2 x (1.3-0.535)
Mu = 1.5 x [(95x1.3x/2)+(129-95)x0.5x1.3x1.3x2/3]

=
=
=

535
129.0
149.6

mm
kN/m
kN-m/m

k = Mu/bd2
pt
Ast

=
=
=

0.523
0.149
800

N/mm2
%
mm2/m

Dia of Bar
Spacing
Provided spacing
Check for shear
Tv
Tc
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement

=
=
=

12

=
=

113
141
100

mm
mm
mm

0.24
0.329

N/mm2
N/mm2

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = ( x s) / (4 x Tbd)
= Dia of bar
s = 0.87 x fy
Tbd = Design bond stress N/mm2

=
=
=

12
361.05
1.92

mm

Therefore,
Ld

564 mm

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

The distributed loading acting downward on the heel slab is given by
1) Overburden + Surcharge @16 x(7.75 - 0.62)
2) Heel slab @ 25 x 0.62
Vu = 1.5 x (86+35)/2 x 1.95
Mu = 1.5 x [(35x1.95x1.95/2+(86-35)x0.5 x 1.95x1.95x2/3]

=
=
=

114.08
15.5
177.0
164.5

k = Mu/bd2
pt
Ast

=
=
=

0.575
0.165
882

Dia of Bar
Spacing
Provided Spacing
Check for shear
Tv
Tc
Provide Shear Reinforcement

=
=
=

16 201

=
=

0.33
0.31

228
200

Ld

752

=
=

4.63
590

=
=
=
=

346.7
1.00
0.294
1734

DESIGN OF VERTICAL STEM

Height of cantilever above base 'h'
Effective depth
Bending Moment Mu = 1.5[Ca x Ws x h2/2 + Ca x e x h3/6]
k = Mu/bd
pt
Ast

Dia of Bar
Spacing
Provided Spacing
Check for shear at Base
Critical section is at d = 0.59 m above base i.e at Zs = 4.63 - 0.59m
Shear force at critical section = 1.5 x[ Ca x Ws x Zs + Ca x s x Zs 2/2]
Tv
Tc
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

16

201
116
100

4.04
146.1
0.248
0.296

TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT

Provide two-thirds of (Horizontal) bars near the front face remaining one-third near the rear face.
For the lowermost one-third height of the stem above base,
Ast = (0.0012 x 1000 x 650) x 2/3
=
520
Bar Dia
Spacing Required
Provided Spacing
Provide
8 dia @100C/C near front face and
8 dia @200C/C near rear face

=
=
=

8
97
100

In the lowermost one-third height of the wall

8 dia @200C/C near front face and

8 dia @400C/C near front face and

In the midlle one-third height of the wall

8 dia @300C/C near front face and

8 dia @600C/C near front face and

In the top one-third height of the wall

0.65
m

1.3
m

1.95
m

15.5
kN/m2

129.58
kN/m2

pt=(100*0.5*(fck/fy))*(1-sqrt(1-(4.6*k/fck)))

43
145
kN/m2

kN/m2

111
kN/m

94
kN/m2
86
kN/m2

129

86
95

129
kN/m2
95
kN/m2

35
kN/m2

Net soil pressures acting along base slab

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m
kN-m/m
N/mm2
%
mm2/m
mm
mm
mm
N/mm2
N/mm2

35

mm

m
mm
kN-m/m
%
mm2/m
16

mm
mm
mm
m
kN/m
N/mm2
N/mm2

mm2/m
mm
mm
mm

below top edge

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3
8
10
12

4
50
78.5
113

16
20
25
32
12

201
314
491
804
16

100 As/bd
0.15
0.25
0.5
0.75

1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75

16
Toe
100As/bd

0.211215
0.25

Heel
100As/bd

0.18785

vertical stem
100As/bd 0.170339

0.15

Tc, N/mm2
Grade of Concrete
25
30
0.29
0.29
0.36
0.37
0.49
0.5
0.57
0.59

15
0.28
0.35
0.46
0.54

20
0.28
0.36
0.48
0.56

0.6
0.64
0.68
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71

0.62
0.67
0.72
0.75
0.79
0.81
0.82
0.82

0.64
0.7
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.85
0.88
0.9

0.71

0.82

0.92

0.28
0.28
0.35
0.36
for interpolation values
Tc1
=
0.28
Tc2
=
0.36

0.29
0.36

35
0.29
0.37
0.5
0.59

40
0.3
0.38
0.51
0.6

0.66
0.71
0.76
0.8
0.84
0.88
0.91
0.94

0.67
0.73
0.78
0.82
0.86
0.9
0.93
0.96

0.68
0.74
0.79
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.95
0.98

0.96

0.99

1.01

0.29
0.37

0.29
0.37

Values of Tbd Design bond stress N/mm2

Grade of concrete
250
415
20
1.2
1.92
25
1.4
2.24
30
1.5
2.4
35
1.7
2.72
40
1.9
3.04
0
0

1.92
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

1.92

0.3
0.38

SUMMARY
Fck
Fy
Depth of foundation
Thickness of Base Slab
Stem Thickness Bottom
Stem Thickness at Top

=
=
=
=
=
=

20
415
1.25
620
650
200

N/mm2
N/mm2
m
mm
mm
mm

FS against overturning
Pmax
Pmin
FS against sliding

=
=
=
=

2.6
145
43
1.73

OK
OK

Y8 @ 300 mm C/C

4m
Y8 @ 200 mm C/C

OK

Y8 @ 100 mm C/C
Y10 @ 300 mm C/C
1.25 m

620
mm

Y12 @ 100 mm C/C

1600
mm

450 mm
200 mm

Y8 @ 600 mm C/C

1500
mm

Y16 @ 300 mm C/C

Y8 @ 400 mm C/C
Y16 @ 200 mm C/C

Y8 @ 200 mm C/C
Y16 @ 100 mm C/C
Y16 @ 200 mm C/C

Y10
300
400
mm
3900
mm

mm

1500
mm

1)

Legend
Values to be entered by user
Results shown by program

2)

All advice or information from the program is intended for those who will evaluate the significance
and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application
No liability (including that for negligence shall be taken for its use and application.

3)
4)
5)

Figures are indicative only

Reference: "Reinforced Concrete Design", by S Unnikrishnan Pillai Devdas Menon, Second Edition,2004, Tata McG
Date
17.04.09

6)

Version
1.0

Publication
Public Release

Size
114 KB

For Comments and Suggestions Please Contact

mr.mrdeshpande@rediffmail.com

e significance

Second Edition,2004, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications,