Exercise 3.

1 (Solutions)

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Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

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Question # 1(i)
y = x 2 1 (i)
x = 3 & x = 3.02 3 = 0.02
2
y + y = ( x + x ) 1
y = ( x + x ) 1 x2 + 1
2

= ( x + x ) x2
Put x = 3 & x = 0.02
2

Question # 2(ii)
Do yourself as above
Question # 2(iii)
x 4 + y 2 = xy 2
Taking differential
d x 4 + d y 2 = d xy 2

( ) ( )

y = ( 3 + 0.02 ) (3) 2

4 x 3 dx + 2 ydy = x 2 ydy + y 2 dx
2 ydy 2 xydy = y 2 dx 4 x3 dx

y = 0.1204

2 y (1 x ) dy = y 2 4 x 3 dx

Taking differential of (i)

dy = d x 2 1

dy = 2 x dx
Put x = 3 & dx = x = 0.02
dy = 2 ( 3)( 0.02 )

&
dy = 0.12

Question # 1(ii)
Do yourself as above.
Question # 1(iii)
1

y = x = x 2 . (i)
x = 4 & x = 4.41 4 = 0.41
1

y + y = ( x + x)2
1

y = ( x + x)2 x2
Put x = 4 & x = 0.41
1

y = ( 4 + 0.41) 2 ( 4 ) 2
= 2.1 2

Taking differential of (i)

d 12
dy =
x dx
dx
1 1
= x 2 dx =
2

y = 0.1

1
1
2x 2

dx

Put x = 4 & dx = x = 0.41

1
0.41
dy =
1 ( 0.41) =
4
2 4 2

( )

dy = 0.1025

Question # 2(i)
xy + x = 4
Taking differential on both sides
d ( xy ) + dx = d ( 4 )
xdy + ydx + dx = 0
xdy + ( y + 1) dx = 0
xdy = ( y + 1) dx

( )

dy
y +1
=
dx
x
dx
x
&
=
dy
y +1

dy
y 4x
=
dx
2 y (1 x )
2

2 y (1 x )
dx
=
dy
y 2 4 x3

Question # 2(iv)
xy ln x = c
Taking differential
d ( xy ) d ( ln x ) = d ( c )
1
xdy + ydx dx = 0
x
1
xdy = dx ydx
x
1

= y dx
x

1 xy
xdy =
dx
x
dy
1 xy

=
dx
x2
dx
x2
&
=
dy
1 xy
Question # 3(i)
Let
y = f ( x) = 4 x
where x = 16 and x = dx = 1
Taking differential of above
dy = d 4 x

( )
1

= d ( x)4
1 14 1
x dx
4
1 34
=
x dx
4
1
=
dx
3
4x 4
Put x = 16 and dx = 1
1
dy =
3 (1)
4 (16 ) 4
=

( )

4 2

3
4 4

1
= 0.03125
4 (8)

FSc-II / Ex- 3.1 - 2

Now f ( x + dx ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy

4
4

16 + 1
17

(2 )

1
4 4

Q y = f ( x)

16 + 0.03125
+ 0.03125

Now dy = d ( sin x )
= cos x dx
Put x = 60o and dx = x = 0.01745
dy = cos 60o ( 0.01745 )
Now

Question # 3(ii)
Let y = f ( x) = ( x )
Where x = 8 & x = dx = 0.2
Taking differential of above

sin 61o = 0.866 + 0.008725

= 0.8747

dy = d ( x )3
1

( )

2
3 3

dx

( 0.2 )

3 2

1
( 0.2 )
3( 4)

= 0.01667
Now f ( x + x ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy

1
3

(8 + 0.2 )
(8.02 )3 =

Question # 4
Let x be the length of side of cube where
x = 5 & x = 5.02 5 = 0.02
Assume V denotes the volume of the cube.
Then
V = x x x

3x 3

Put x = 8 and dx = 0.2

1
dy =
0.2 )
2 (
3 (8)3

(8)

1
3

Q y = f ( x)

+ 0.01667

2 + 0.01667
= 2.01667

Question # 3(iii)
1

Let y = f ( x) = x 5
Where x = 32 & x = dx = 1
Try yourself as above.
Question # 3(iv)
Let y = f ( x ) = cos x

rad
180
= 0.01745 rad

Where x = 30o & x = 1o =

Now dy = d ( cos x )
= sin x dx
Put x = 30o and dx = x = 0.01745
dy = sin 30o ( 0.01745 )

= ( 0.5 )( 0.01745) = 0.008725

Now f ( x + x ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy
cos ( 30 1) = cos 30o + 0.008725
cos 29o = 0.866 + 0.008725
= 0.8747
Question # 3(v)
Let y = f ( x) = sin x

rad
180
= 0.01745 rad

Where x = 60o & x = 1o =

0.008725

= f ( x) + dy
sin ( 60 + 1) = sin 60o + 0.008725

1
3

1 2
= ( x ) 3 dx =
3

( 0.5 )( 0.01745 ) =
f ( x + x ) y + dy
=

= 2 + 0.03125 = 2.03125

= x3
Taking differential
dV = 3 x 2 dx
Put x = 5 & dx = x = 0.02
2
dV = 3 ( 5) ( 0.02 )
= 1.5
Hence increase in volume is 1.5 cubic unit.
Question # 5
Let x denotes diameter of a disc
Where x = 44 cm & x = 44.4 44 = 0.4
x
Then radius =
2
Let A denotes the area of the disc
2
Then A = ( radius )
x
2
= =
x
4
2
Taking differential

dA = d x 2
4

=
2 x dx =
x dx
4
2
Put x = 44 and dx = x = 0.4

dA =
( 44 )( 0.4 )
2
= ( 3.14 )( 22 )( 0.4 )
= 27.65
Hence change in area is 27.65 cm2
2

---- The End ---

Tuesday, 20 September 2005
By mathcity.org, mathcity@gmail.com

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