Professional Documents
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San Juan, PR
Session T3J
debate and studies for specialists for a long time. These
necessities derive, in part, of the characteristics associates to
the control engineering, these characteristics place the focus in
the laboratorial question. Accordance with the wiser positions
in the education of control engineering, [1], the professional of
the area must present some characteristics and knowledge that
fit a basic conceptual on the control theory (control
technology), a capacity to integrate the operational petitions of
a plant with the requirements of its project, the knowledge and
the practical to integrate diversified tools of software and
numerical calculation in the implementation of control
strategies. These necessities and abilities must guarantee that
the control engineers have the capacity to implement the
results of calculations and projects in a real plant transforming
theoretical formularizations into systems and concrete
physical procedures.
The capacity of implementation, necessary to the
control engineer causes a basic prerequisite: the control
engineer is familiar with the contemporaries industrial
equipment of control (sensory and actuators, controllers,
computational hardware and tools of software).
The question between theory-practical assumes
explained contours in the control engineering raising questions
whose solution passes, necessarily, for the laboratorial
conception. It is known that the control courses bring to the
students more interesting and motivation, when based in
applied lines of direction, making possible the student to live
deeply, in the practical, the problems and conditions of
implementation of the theoretical base. A control laboratory
constitutes, in the reality, a tool for multiple applications, such
as development and application, research, training and
education. The central question, therefore, is to use, of
convenient form, this educational tool, adopting the vision that
the processes of real life can extremely be beneficial for
learning of the basic topics in education in the area of control
engineering and the control equipment, with the technology of
the industrial environment, is indispensable in the practical
part of the courses.
The industrial processes, currently, constitute
technological systems integrated by diverse interconnected
sub-processes. The purpose in the assembly was to construct
an equipment with the following characteristics:
Figure 1
Full sight of the plant, with exchanger of heat (left) and triple
tanks (right).
The interaction between these variables, which
incorporate practically all the existing basic complexities in
industrial processes, allows the students a consolidated sight
of the structures, existing interactions and difficulties in the
control of real processes, as well as the respective solutions
that can be done.
II . Tanks System
The module of the heat Exchanger is divided in two "circuits".
The "primary circuit", all mounted in copper tubing, is formed
San Juan, PR
Session T3J
by an aluminum tank with capacity of 75 liters, shown in
figure 2, where the water, warmed through two three-phase
resistances of 5,6 KW, circulates stimulated for a centrifugal
three-phase bomb machine cv, with 2 polar regions, rotor in
bronze and mechanical stamp in Viton, thus making possible
the operation of the system in tempers until the order of 85C,
in short situation, or 70C, in continuous situation. The warm
water outflow through the heat exchanger is monitored by a
measurer of turbine type, with operating temperature of -20 C
up to 120 C, and proportional exit of 4mA 20mA. Five term
resistance PT100, with three terminals and exit of 4mA 20mA,
are used for measurement of the temperatures of the water in
the entrance and the exit of the heat exchanger, as well as in
the main tank.
In the "secondary circuit", destined to the refrigeration of
the system, a tubing of PVC Aquatherm was used and a fiber
stored tank with the capacity for 250 liters.
This "secondary circuit" is complemented by a heat
exchanger for refrigeration (automotive radiator) and a
hydraulic circulation single-phase bomb with power of 1/3
HP, with nominal ampere of 1,7A.
The heat exchanger, basic component of this module, is
the type of hoof-pipe, made of beam of pipes and involved a
cylindrical hoof. The minimum outflow in the exchanger is of
0.614 m/h and the most is 6 m/h. The indicated pressure is
2.11 mca.
Figure 2
Aluminum tank.
III. Control of the Plant
The project and the implementation of the control of the plant
are based on the control laws , in which are included the
stability criteria and actions of control that will provide
effective results. Besides, they were made such a way that the
students can have a contact with all the diversity of existing
solutions in industrial environments. It's known that, in these
environments, the Programmable Logical Controllers - PLC are extensively used, doing a direct control of the diverse
meshes by a independent way or coupled to PID controllers or
equivalents.
This combination not only allows the direct control, but
also the hierarquization of the structures, with supervisory or
Figure 3
even optimized levels. Additionally, it has that to bring to the
Control
Panel.
student the information and possibilities of work with the
San Juan, PR
July 23 28, 2006
9th International Conference on Engineering Education
T3J-13
Session T3J
final result. Here, the system will be disturbed getting excited
it outflow of the hydraulic circuit, through the bomb
Figure 4
Complete view of the plant.
Figure 5
Diagram of blocks of the drive of controller PID.
The same circuit can be used for another different
experiment as, for example, the esteem of parameters for
modeling the exchanger or just control its temperature, in new
topology. In this case that the control element is the hydraulic
bomb, the electrical resistance appears as a disturbance
element, as it can be seen in figure 7. The PT100 that
measures the temperature of the hot water on the exit of the
exchanger is now connected to the CLP, which, through its
analogical exits, controls the inverter of frequency of the B1
bomb. In this configuration, the heating resistor starts to
operate as a disturbance of the system, introducing alterations
in the temperature of entrance of the heat exchanger, being the
outflow monitored by the sensor of outflow.
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Figure 6
July 23 28, 2006
Session T3J
Diagram of blocks of the modeling of the heat exchanger.
Figure 7
Diagrama de blocos do controle realizado pelo CLP.
In the triple tanks module, the main objective is to control
the level and/or the temperature of the tank of number 3 being
used, as element of control, the hydraulic bombs, of numbers 4
and 5 (see figure 1), set in motion for the frequency inverter.
This control is realized by the CLP that receives the signals
from the level keys and the analogical signal of the digital
outflow measurer. The disturbances can occur manually,
through the existing manual valves in the module and/or
through the release of the water flow of the heat exchanger for
the tank number 1. Also it is possible to use the tanks to
promote a more efficient temperature control, through the
water exchange between the modules. The system is entirely
endowed with manuals and solenoids valves making possible
alterations of the topology of the circuit and the respective
associated strategies of control.
CONCLUSIONS
Elements of control and softwares are changing very quickly
and the technological equipment gifts will be outdated in a
short period of time. However, since that they represent low
costs for the plant pilot, they can be replaced by more modern
products.
The equipment of the control laboratory is responsible
for the contemporary knowledge transference to the industry.
One gives credit that practical courses involving the plant
pilot, using available equipment and commercially softwares,
can significantly help developing the level of formation of the
engineers. The distinguishing characteristic of the same one is
in the chance that it offers the students of deals with a tool of
bigger transport, and gift in diverse industrial systems. This
option allows the students to learn, of practical and dynamic
form, the operation of some meshes of control, using the same
developed instruments and softwares of configuration for
application in industrial control. Moreover, it presents itself of
extreme utility for studies, analyses and modeling of smaller
systems of control.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
To the Program of Tutorial Education - PET/SESu/UFJF Electric Engineering, for the support to the development of the
plant, the Foundation Technological Center and the College of
Engineering of the UFJF.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
http://www.atos.com.br
[8]
http://www.loti.com.br
[9]
http://www.contechind.com.br
[10] http://www.ab.com/manuals/
[11] http://www.weg.com.br
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