SIC-SING Connection

Comparison of Alternatives
Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector

SIC-SING Connection
Motivation for System Interconnections
Improving Reliability, sharing of reserve
capacity
Possibility to use larger and more
economical Power Plants

Possibility to build power plants at

favorable locations

Cost-to-Performance Ratio
Benefits,
Efforts

Advantages of
interconnected Operation

Benefits
Optimum

Utilization of most favorable energy

source (e.g. Solar / Hydro)

Efforts
Size of interconnected Grid

Power Exchange
There are strong reasons to connect Transmission Networks
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Challenges System Interconnections
Propagation of Disturbances, Blackout
Synchronisation, frequency control
Transmission Limits: Thermal, Voltage and Phase Angle
Loop and Parallel Flows, Congestion Management
Oscillations
Load Shedding Strategies
Fault Currents
System Interconnection is a complex task and requires sound analisis
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Option 1: Short Connection (2 x 220 kV AC + HVDC BtB)

Crucero

SING
Coloso/Esmeralda

Paposo

Option 1: Short Connection 220 kV

- 220 kV Line Paposo Col./Esm.
- estimated 200 kms
- Double Circuit
- 400 MW
- HVDC Back to Back in one extreme
due to stability reasons
assumed to be mandatory

SIC
Cardones

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
Crucero

SING
Coloso/Esmeralda

-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero

-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-1000 MW
-66% Series Compensation

Paposo

SIC
Cardones

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
Crucero

SING
Coloso/Esmeralda

-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero

-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-1000 MW
-66% Series Compensation
Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV
- Double Circuit,
- 33% Series Compensation

Paposo

SIC
Cardones

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line 1000 MW
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
Crucero

SING
Coloso/Esmeralda

Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV

- Double Circuit,
- 33% Series Compensation

Paposo

Option 2c: Long Connection 500 kV

SIC
Cardones

May2012

-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero

-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-66% Series Compensation

- Double Circuit
- plus HVDC Back to Back in one extreme
due to stability reasons
Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Option 3: Long Connection 500 kV DC Transmission Line

Crucero

SING
Coloso/Esmeralda

Option 3: Long Connection +/-500 kV

- 500 kV DC Line Cardones - Crucero
- estimated 750 kms
- Bipole
- 1000MW

Paposo

SIC
Cardones

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Technical Options
Option 1
Option 2a
2 x 220 kV AC 1 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
max. 400MW
< 1000MW

Option 2b
2 x 500 kV AC
1000 MW

Option 2c
2 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
1000 MW

Option 3
500 kV HVDC
Bipole
1000 MW

Low Investment

Known Solution

Known Solution

Stable Solution

Low Investment

Stable only with

BtB

AC enables
easy tapping

AC enables
easy tapping

AC enables
easy tapping

Low Losses

High Power

May2012

AC enables
easy tapping

Low Investment

High Losses

High Losses

Limited Capacity

Limited Capacity

Additional
Investment in
existing system
necesary

Very High Risk

Stable Solution

High Risk

High Investment

Limited tapping

High Losses

no n-1 condition
Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Options Estimated Total Cost
Option 1
Option 2a
2 x 220 kV AC 1 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
max. 400MW
< 1000MW
Total Cost

700

1.350

Option 2b
2 x 500 kV AC
1000 MW
1.000

Option 2c
2 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
1000 MW
1.350

Option 3
500 kV HVDC
Bipole
1000 MW
900

(est. Mio USD)

1.000 Mio USD

OPEX

OPEX Considers: Energy losses 80US$/MWH

Power losses 1500USD/KW
NPV 40 years, 7% rate

OPEX

OPEX

500 Mio USD

OPEX
OPEX
CAPEX
(w/o reinforcment existing lines)

May2012

CAPEX

Mio USD, General Estimation

w/o Basic Engineering

CAPEX

CAPEX

CAPEX

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Estimated Break Even Distance 2 x 500 kV AC HVDC Bipole 1000 MW

Kms

1.000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

1000

Break Even Total Cost

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

Break Even Distance Investment

Kms

AC
DC

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Advantages HVDC Link
-Stabilizing Function in case of failure in SING or SIC no cascading

-DC Link can be rated according to real requirements, AC link must be

overdimensioned due to stability reasons
-Reconection possible independent of phase angle
-No risk of subsynchronous oscillations
-Controllability of Power Flow
-Blackout Firewall
-Mutual support between Systems in Emergency Situations
HVDC is the proven, low risk Option to realize the SIC-SING Connection
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

Europe needs
Enhancements, too

From White Night to

Black Night
May2012

*Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report 06-2004

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

HVDC EUROPE
Existing
Under Unstruction
Planned

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

* now CE

The Interconnection France-Spain a critical Bottleneck

UCTE Synchronous Interconnections:

Inter-Area Oscillations with Magnitudes up to
1000 MW
Damping Measures necessary

the 1st Step for

System Extension
The Interconnection
CENTREL with UCPTE
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

Source: CIGRE Report 38-113, Paris Session 2000

SIC-SING Connection
How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

INELFE HVDC Link

2x1000MW
+/-320 kV DC
VSC
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

HVDC EUROPE
Existing
Under Unstruction
Planned

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Conclusions
-A Connection of SIC and SING in 500 kV AC is very likely to generate
instalbility in both Systems
-In case a AC transmission line shall be implemented, at least one circuit
should be equipped with a BtB Station (Hybrid Solution)

- An HVDC Link appears to be most economical option, i.e. on long term

-The major argument for AC500kV may be the AC Tapoffs. But these also
have a high cost. Connection to intermediate consumers or generators may
be realized more economically by extensions of existing 220kV lines,
- Detailed studies, will be necesary:
> Power Flow Modeling
> Short Circuit Modeling
> Dynamic Stability Modeling
> Transient Modeling
May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection

Muchas Gracias

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection

Backup Slides

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING 500kV AC Single Circuit

Simulacin 1000MW / 900MW
C

i n

i s

i o

1000MW
SC 66%
C

i n

i s

i o

900MW

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING 500kV AC Double Circuit

1000 MW / 100MW
C

i n

i s

i o

0
8

A
1

1000MW
S

SC 33%
C

May2012

i n

i s

i o

A
8

100MW

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

SIC-SING Connection
Comparison LCC-VSC
Classic 4.2 GW & Bulk 11 GW Rating PLUS 1,100 MVA
Thyristor: very high Overload Capacity IGBT: strictly limited
1.5 % Total Converter & Station Losses close to 2 %
Available Frequency, Voltage & POD Control Available
High Dynamic Performance Very high
Stepwise linear Independent Control of Reactive Power Fully linear
Typ. 50 % Filter/Reactive Power Requirements None
High Space Requirements 45 to 50 % less
Difficult Grid Access for weak AC Networks Quite easy
No Supply of passive Networks and Black-Start Capability Yes
Complex Configuration of Multiterminal Systems Simple

FOR SIC-SING CONNECTION LCC IS A PROVEN CHOICE

May2012

Siemens AG 2012
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions