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TableofContents
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4. Mandatory References................................................................................................................... 26
4.1. Regulations and Statutes ...................................................................................................... 26
4.2. Project Documentation .......................................................................................................... 27
4.3. Design Codes ........................................................................................................................ 27
5. Supporting References .................................................................................................................. 28
5.1. Project Documentation .......................................................................................................... 28
5.2. Design Codes ........................................................................................................................ 28
TableofFigures
TableofHolds
HOLD No.
Description
Section
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
Bend radii
3.9.2
3.9.2
10
Cleared
11
Cleared.
12
Cleared
13
Cleared
Table 3.3.2-a
Table 3.3.2-a
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1.2. Definitions
COMPANY
CONTRACTOR
WORK
Shall
Should
May
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1.3. Abbreviations
3LPP
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3 Layer Polypropylene
ALARP
ASME
BLEVE
BS
British Standard
CCS
COS
Carbonyl Sulphide
CP
Cathodic Protection
DCS
DNV
DP
Dynamic Positioning
EIA
ESD(V)
FJC
FEED
GHS
HAZID
Hazard Identification
HAZOP
HSE
ID
Internal Diameter
IID
ISO
KP
Kilometre Point
MAOP
MAPD
MCA
MMscmd
Mt
Million tonnes
N/A
Not Applicable
NPS
PEXA
PSR
ppb
ppmv
PWHT
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RCIS
SMYS
SI
System International
SPA
SAC
SSIV
SSSI
SCADA
WHP
Wellhead Platform.
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2. Assumptions
2.1. General
The following assumptions have been made:
Pipeline will be required to cater for both gas and dense phase flow;
The dryness spec is 100 ppmv or better to ensure that liquid water will not exist in the line. This figure is
the minimum requirement and may change during FEED 1a. However, the specification delivered to the
pipeline will ensure that no free water or hydrate potential will exist in the pipeline or CO2 transport
system;
Standard conditions that will govern the design flowrate are assumed as 1.01325 bara, and 15 C.
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3. Design Requirements
3.1. Design Life
It is assumed that the pipeline system will have a design life of 40 years.
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Unit
Value
Design Pressure
barg
150
barg
HOLD 2
70 3)
Seabed ambient
30-50
HOLD 4
-20oC offshore
-85oC onshore
tonne/day
HOLD 6
28000
During gas phase operation of the pipeline, no pressure control valve or heating is required on the
platform. A fired heater is provided to mitigate the low temperature produced across the valve due to
Joules-Thomson cooling, during start-up, dense phase operation of the pipeline or any other
condition which results in a situation where the pressure in the pipeline is significantly greater than
that in the wellbore. It should be noted that during line pack operations (i.e. where the Hewett choke
is either partially or completely closed and the pressure in the pipeline allowed to rise) then this may
also need heating duty or limits set on the degree of choking at Hewett to ensure that the
downstream temperature does not fall below design limits.
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Class 2 (Areas with a population density greater than or equal to 2.5 persons per hectare) to
be adopted for a distance of 800m (as a minimum) from High Water Tide Level towards
offshore;
Class 1 (Areas with a population density less than 2.5 persons per hectare) where applicable
for other sections along the onshore pipeline route.
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3.7. Materials
3.7.1.Linepipe Materials
Carbon steel linepipe is the economical choice for CO2 transport. Subject to any additional
requirements such as those discussed in the Pipeline Material Selection, Corrosion Protection
and Monitoring Philosophy ref. [M32] with respect to low temperature capability/toughness
and internal corrosion mitigation, ISO 3183 L450M (API 5L X65 equivalent) linepipe steel is
expected to be generally suitable for construction of the onshore pipeline. Direct
depressurisation of dense phase CO2 could lead to temperatures lower than the minimum
design temperature of the carbon steel, hence this issue will need to be addressed as part of
the pipeline depressurisation/blowdown studies.
Final linepipe material selection will be made during FEED 2.
3.7.2.Corrosion Resistant Alloys
Although the main pipeline is expected to be fabricated from carbon steel, there is likely to be
a requirement for corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) at particular locations in the system, for
example valve materials, or spoolpieces subject to particularly low temperatures. Selection of
suitable CRAs shall take into consideration all relevant aspects of the service environment,
including the pre-commissioning and commissioning phases.
3.7.3.External Corrosion Protection
The pipeline shall be protected against external corrosion using a standard anti-corrosion
coating and cathodic protection. Where the linepipe is to be subsequently concrete coated for
hydrodynamic stability and/or protection, the anti-corrosion coating shall be compatible with
the application of the concrete weight coating.
3.7.4.Concrete Weight Coating
The onshore section of the pipeline route may cross areas of ground which may be subject to
periodic flooding and may require the installation of anti-buoyancy. This may be undertaken
with the installation of concrete weight coating or other measures, which will be reviewed
during the FEED 2 design phase.
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level in the pipe material remains less than 0.3 x SMYS, pipelines conveying
Class E
substances may be routed through Class 2 population density areas (above 2.5 persons per
hectare but excluding towns and cities). The Code provides guidance on proximity distances
to buildings for Class 1 areas.
3.8.2.Description of Proposed Route
The pipeline starts within the confines of the proposed Kingsnorth Power Station. The
preferred pipeline route heads in a northenly direction from the Power Station towards the
landfall location and landfall valve in the vicinity of St. Marys Marshes where it will cross the
intertidal mud flats and continue eastwards down the Thames Estuary.
The landfall valve site shall include provision for future tie-ins from other CO2 capture
sources. Such provision shall enable connections to be made without interruption to the flow
from Kingsnorth to Hewett.
The following lists the main features and principal crossings en route including:
Small watercourses;
Access tracks;
A rail line;
A gas pipeline
An A road;
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3.8.3.Routing Constraints
A single onshore route shall be defined as early as possible in the FEED process. This will
permit release of the topographical and geotechnical survey workscopes, and the
commencement of the full EIA, which is anticipated to take a year to fully complete.
In parallel with the onshore pipeline route selection, a suitable landfall location will be
confirmed. This is dependent on agreement of a suitable offshore pipeline route, and
clarification of outstanding near shore routing issues. Routing constraints which will be
considered during overall route selection for the onshore pipeline will include the following:
Ease of installation and construction of the pipeline - shortest route length to be maintained
where possible;
Landowner issues;
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Impact on existing and on any proposed future infrastructure, including pipeline, cables and
other utilities to be minimised;
Pipelay will likely be initiated from the landfall to enable the laybarge to lay into deeper water.
Laydown will likely be performed adjacent to the Hewett field WHP;
Straight route lengths of 500m (HOLD 9) to be maintained preceding and following any route
deviations;
Routing to deeper water where possible, to minimise routing through the shallower water
zones;
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Clearance to shipping access channels, future channels and consideration of future dredging
requirements for these channels to be taken into account as per ongoing RCIS;
Consideration to be given to the routing of the pipeline past the major ports of Great
Yarmouth and Lowestoft so as to minimise any disruption to marine activity during
construction, and minimise risks to the pipeline throughout its operating life.
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The route also crosses busy shipping lanes. Shipping lanes can be crossed though
consideration needs to be given to safety during construction and the potential for the pipeline
to limit future use of the lane. Trenching/burial depths shall be established in conjunction with
the MCA and other relevant parties in order to allow for future maintenance dredging.
Further potential and actual obstacles are present including:
Disposal sites;
Existing cables and pipelines; and near future cables (Britned) and pipelines including Baird
and ENI future pipeline routes;
Fencing and right of way preparation to ensure delineation of the working area and to
minimise unauthorised access;
Top soil strip, soil management and reinstatement on completion of the works;
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Pipe handling and stacking to control storage and to minimise damage prior to installation;
Welding, including any necessary weld or welder qualifications associated with pipelines for
the conveyance of CO2 and possible PWHT depending on WT;
Lift and lay to avoid pipe damage and to safely control site lifting operations;
Backfill of the pipe trench with suitably graded material and bedding layer;
Reinstatement of the working width to ensure minimal long term environmental impact.
Backfilling and reinstatement requirements will be developed during FEED 2 to minimise any
adverse effects of the proposed routing on natural drainage;
Weight coating at water courses and areas prone to flooding, taking into consideration
predicted sea level elevation changes;
Crossing construction where roads, railways, river or other services are to be crossed;
It should be noted that the following items are discussed in the relevant commissioning
philosophies (Ref. M29 and M30);
Cleaning and dewatering of the pipe line prior to performing tie-in weld to the offshore
pipeline;
Air or vacuum drying of the pipeline system and filling with air or possibly nitrogen;
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sampling and biology, water quality, wild life monitoring, marine mammal survey, and a video
survey, inter tidal biology, commercial fishery activity etc.
3.10.3. Onshore Pipeline Construction in Near Shore/Landfall Areas
The selection of the precise method of construction and sequence of activities to be followed
during near shore/landfall construction will depend upon factors such as line diameter, water
depth along the pipeline route, and environmental considerations (the objective is to minimise
damage and environmental impact in a RAMSAR site) and other conditions at the landfall.
The final choice of method would be made after consultations with all the interested third
parties and a review with E.ON concerning cost and schedule implications.
Span analysis and bottom roughness analysis to determine if pre-sweeping is required, e.g.
sandwaves;
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and dried to a level to prevent corrosion and hydrate formation during commissioning
(gassing-up). The offshore pipeline will be tied into the onshore pipeline via a golden weld
before vacuum or air drying operations.
3.11.3. Trenching and Burial
Trenching and burial of the offshore pipeline will be minimised wherever possible, subject to
practical levels of concrete weight coating requirements and pipeline protection from thirdparty interaction. The level and limit of pre-trenching/burial that will be required in the shore
approach, shipping access channels and landfall regions shall be defined in both the onbottom stability and routing reports.
3.11.4. Crossings and Third Party Ownership Considerations
All pipelines and cables or other items of infrastructure on the proposed offshore pipeline
route shall be identified and 3rd party owners confirmed. The locations of these items shall
be confirmed by the offshore route survey. Future pipelines and cables that could be installed
before the CO2 pipeline shall also be identified. The FEED 2 work shall include preliminary
designs for construction of the required crossings.
It is critical that all consents, including those for the offshore pipeline and the storage of CO2,
are obtained in a timely manner, as failure to achieve this will have an impact on the projects
programme to deliver the project on schedule.
3.11.5. Landfall Design
The scope of the work to be carried out during FEED 2 for design of the landfall shall include:
Determine pulling loads and potential requirements for temporary flotation aids;
Determination of pipeline weight coating requirements for nearshore and landfall zones;
Dropped objects;
Fishing activities (trawlboard and beam impact and pullover and hooking).
A dropped object study shall be performed during FEED 2 to determine the risk of dropped
objects from activities at the WHP.
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project
The information contained in this document (the Information) is provided in good faith.
E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) make no representation or
warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees,
advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.
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Security / protection of the land fall valve will require a security cage and intruder alarm or
similar.
Southern North Sea shipping activities are very dense especially within the vicinity of Thames
Estuary. An assessment of shipping within the region of interest for this project shall be
contained in the routing report.
A low to medium fishing intensity, with both Beam and Otter trawl efforts, exists along most of
the proposed pipeline route. Fishing interaction studies shall be carried out during FEED 2 to
evaluate risks from fishing and determine appropriate protection measures for the pipeline.
3.15. Pigging
The pipeline system will be equipped with a pig launcher at the Kingsnorth pipeline inlet and a
receiver at the offshore platform. These vessels will be specified to accommodate intelligent
pipeline inspection devices (IID) that will need to be designed specifically for use in the
flowing CO2 pipeline. There also may be a requirement to provide pigging heads at the
landfall location.
Studies shall be carried out during FEED 2 to develop tools that will be compatible with and
reliable in the CO2 environment. The devices will be equipped with an ultrasonic inspection
tool (non liquid interface type) along with other equipment and will be run as required. The
device will be designed to seek any evidence of localised or general internal/external
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project
The information contained in this document (the Information) is provided in good faith.
E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) make no representation or
warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees,
advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.
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corrosion or damage to the pipe wall. An operating strategy will be agreed in consultation
with the suppler of the IID inspection services during product development and this will
generate recommendations for the frequency of IID use.
The geometry of the pipeline system shall be compatible with frequent running of IIDs, with
bend radii of a minimum of 5 x outside diameter included in the tie-in spool pieces and
pipework. The pipeline shall have a constant ID to allow smooth transit of pigs. At branched
connections, guide bars shall be incorporated where the branched connection diameters
exceeds 25% of the pipeline diameter to ensure effective and safe pigging.
Refer to Full System Commissioning Philosophy (ref. M29) and Pipeline Testing and Drying
Philosophy (ref. M30) for more details on pipeline pigging philosophies.
Metocean Study;
Morphology Study (to determine extent of coastal and channel erosion & extent of scour).
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Pressure switches;
Flow switches;
Temperature switches;
Position switches.
Corrosion monitoring potentially including the use of probes and inline corrosion spools;
Coupons to provide monitored information on any reactivity between the flowing fluid and
representative material samples;
Automatic ESD systems (pipeline shutdown to safe condition may include some valves that
move to a fail-safe condition of open rather than closed).
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Depressurisation/Blowdown Philosophy.
The agreed commissioning plan shall map out clearly the key activities and responsibilities
required to fully understand the commissioning requirements from the start of FEED 2 through
to implementation. During FEED 2 studies, focussing on pipeline and CO2 conditions, studies
shall also be carried out to understand the reality of pipeline condition once it has been
commissioned.
Comprehensive investigations and multiple scenario modelling shall be performed to fully
appreciate the commissioning scope of the project, both the individual components of the
CCS chain and the whole chain.
In order to establish the baseline parameters for commissioning the pipeline, a deviations
study shall be conducted during the FEED 2 stage to investigate targets and limitations for
pipeline drying, and to understand the emergency shutdown requirements of the pipeline.
Requirements for dense phase operation of the pipeline and for the transition from gas to
dense phase operation shall also be investigated, and any impacts of this phase of operations
on commissioning requirements identified.
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4. Mandatory References
4.1. Regulations and Statutes
Pipeline construction and burial requirements shall comply with all related directives from the
appropriate Port Authorities and Councils. In addition, the following acts and regulations shall
be complied with:
[M1]
[M2]
[M3]
[M4]
[M5]
[M2]
[M3]
[M4]
[M5]
[M6]
[M7]
[M8]
Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Construction, etc.) Regulations 1996;
[M9]
[M10]
[M11]
The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (SI
1994 No. 3247);
[M12]
[M13]
[M14]
Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment, England and Wales)
Regulations 1999.
Pipeline Works Authorisation shall comply with all related Pipeline Inspectorate (Department of
Energy) directives. In addition, the following guidelines and regulations shall be complied with:
[M15]
Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR), Petroleum Act
1998: Offshore Pipelines, Guidelines for the completion of pipeline works
authorisations (PWA's);
[M16]
[M17]
[M18]
EU ETS 2005 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2005 (as
amended);
[M19]
FEPA Part II (as amended) 1985 Food and Environmental Protection Act 1985, Part
II Deposits in the Sea (as amended);
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[M20]
[M21]
[M22]
OPRC 1998 The Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response Cooperation Convention) Regulations;
[M23]
[M24]
[M25]
[M26]
[M29]
[M30]
[M31]
[M32]
[M33]
[M34]
Pre-FEED Health
ISO 3183 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Steel Pipe for Pipeline
Transportation Systems;
[M37]
[M38]
ASME B31.4: Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquids;
[M39]
[M40]
[M41]
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5. Supporting References
5.1. Project Documentation
[S1]
Kingsnorth Phase II CO2 Pipeline Project, Pipeline Design Basis, 80011-BOD-PL001;
[S2]
[S3]
[S4]
[S5]
[S6]
[S7]
BS EN ISO 16708 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries- Pipeline Transport SystemsReliability-based Limit State Methods;
[S10]
BS 7361-1:1991 Cathodic Protection. Code of Practice for Land and Marine Applications;
[S11]
ISO 15589 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries Cathodic Protection of Pipeline
Transportation Systems Part 1: On-Land Pipelines (2003), Part 2: Offshore Pipelines
(2004);
[S12]
[S13]
[S14]
ISO 15589 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries Cathodic Protection of Pipeline
Transportation Systems Part 1: On-Land Pipelines (2003), Part 2: Offshore Pipelines
(2004);
[S15]
[S16]