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ICTC 2014 1569998763

Architecture and Performance Evaluation of


MmWave Based 5G Mobile Communication System
JungSook Bae, Yong Seouk Choi

Jun Suk Kim, Min Young Chung

Wired and Wireless Access Division,


ETRI
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
{jsbae, choiys}@etri.re.kr

College of Information and Communication Engineering,


Sungkyunkwan University
Suwon, Republic of Korea
{jsk7016, mychung}@skku.edu
wide bandwidth bringing about the high thermal noise
decreases SNR. And signal attenuation by water vapor (H2O),
oxygen, rainfall and foliage loss comes about more than that of
below 3GHz band [2][3].

Abstract To enhance 1000 times more capacity than the


existing mobile communication system, the mmWave band in the
30-300GHz range providing wide bandwidth is being considered
as a candidate for new radio bands for 5G mobile communication
systems. ETRI is developing mmWave based 5G mobile
communication system in the Giga KOREA 5G (GK-5G) project.
This paper introduces overview and features of the GK-5G
mobile communication system and evaluates performance of the
GK-5G mobile communication system through the system level
simulation considering real geospatial information.

Hence, to increase capacity by the utilization of radio


resources in the mmWave band in 5G mobile communication
system, the system architecture and antenna structure should be
designed to overcome these propagation limitations.
Beamforming technology on patch antenna array can be
considered to be a solution for propagation limitations of
mmWave communication system [4].

Keywords mmWave, 5G, GK-5G, beamforming

I.

As one of projects for the 5G mobile communications


utilizing mmWave band, electronics and telecommunications
institute (ETRI) is developing mmWave based 5G mobile
communication system in the Giga KOREA 5G (GK-5G)
project. To provide high capacity in mmWave band, GK-5G
mobile communication system is designed based on massive
antenna structure and beamforming technology on patch
antenna array.

INTRODUCTION

Propagation of smart devices such as smart phone and


smart tablet has led to an explosive increase of mobile traffic.
Furthermore, it is anticipated that the volume of mobile traffic
in 2020 will increase 1000 times more than the current traffic
by a big bang of IOT and an advent of realistic UHD service.
To accommodate an avalanche of mobile traffic, current
mobile communication systems based on frequency bands
below 3 GHz have considered various capacity enhancement
technologies such as cell densification using small cell concept,
multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), and carrier
aggregation. However, capacity enhancement based on narrow
bandwidth reaches the limit and it is required of frequency
resources providing wider bandwidth (hundreds of MHz ~
several GHz) than that of existing mobile communication
system.

Prior to realization of GK-5G system, it is important to


evaluate and verify performance of designed system on system
level.
This paper introduces overview and features of the GK-5G
mobile communication system. And then, we represent
systematic performance evaluation of the GK-5G mobile
communication system through the system level simulation
considering real geospatial information.

To process 1000 times more mobile data traffic, the


mmWave band in the 30-300GHz frequency range is being
considered as a candidate for new radio bands for emerging 5G
mobile communication systems [1]. Since most of the
mmWave band is underutilized, 5G mobile communication
systems are expected to utilize wide and continuous bands for
radio access networks (RANs). By using the vast amounts of
radio resources in the mmWave band, system capacity of the
5G mobile communication systems can be improved and
mobile devices served by the system can experience better
service environments with high-speed transmission

II.

GK-5G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A. Overview
GK-5G mobile communication system has the target of
providing 1Gbps average data rate per UE and 100Gbps cell
capacity in order to support giga bit mobile service such as
ultra high definition (UHD) and hologram. To meet the target,
GK-5G mobile communication system utilizes mmWave band
in the 10-40GHz frequency range.
To improve reuse of frequency resource, effective spatial
division multiple access (SDMA) is applied based on massive
antenna structure. And beamforming technology on patch

However, mmWave band has several propagation


limitations. High path loss happens in mmWave frequency
because small effective aperture size of receive antenna to
support short wavelength reduces receive volume of signal and
This research was supported by 'The Cross-Ministry Giga KOREA
Project' of The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Korea.
[GK13N0100, 5G mobile communication system development based on
mmWave]

978-1-4799-6786-5/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE

847

ICTC 2014

antenna array is considered to be a solution for propagation


limitations of mmWave communication systems.

GK-5G UE has the antenna configuration of circular array


of antennas for circularly-switched beamforming as shown in
Fig. 3. Antenna structure of GK-5G UE consists of 8 45
sectors. N by M patch array in each sector forms 1 beam.

Figure 1 shows the concept and the target of the GK-5G


mobile communication system.

2) Relay
Strong straightness of the mmWave maximizes channel
condition in line-of-sight (LoS) region and signal propagation
in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) regions of mmWave
communication systems is somewhat covered by signal
characteristics such as reflection and diffraction. However, in
the urban environment which have many communication
obstacles such as metal and concrete buildings, there are many
coverage holes where radio signals are hardly propagated.
Fig. 1.

Relay transmission has been utilized to broaden system


coverage and improve channel quality in the existing mobile
communication systems [5]. Therefore, multiple relays are
deployed at proper geographical positions enabling to
overcome the coverage holes in the GK-5G mobile
communication system. Fig. 4 shows antenna structure of GK5G relay. It is comprised of six 60 azimuth sectors, in which 5
sectors are used for access link communication with UEs and 1
sector provides backhaul link communication with BS.

GK-5G Mobile Communication System

B. Features
1) 3D Beamforming
In order to cope with a large pathloss of mmWave in the
GK-5G mobile communication system, multi-beams are
formed using patch antenna arrays in 3D and each beam forms
one virtual cell in SDMA.
GK-5G BS considers switched beamforming in which a
static set of beams is formed in each direction without
consideration of the surrounding environment.
For beam based communication, GK-5G BS has the
antenna configuration of 2D array of patch antennas for 3D
beamforming as shown in Fig. 2.
Antenna structure of GK-5G BS consists of 3 120 sectors.
Patch antennas are arrayed in 3 rows in each sector, and 6
antennas are located in the 1st and 2nd row and 4 antennas are
located in the 3rd row.

Fig. 4.

Antenna structure of GK-5G Relay

3) Multi-beam control
GK-5G UE equipped with a circular antenna array selects
an optimal beam through low-power fast search of neighbor
beam. Multi-beam coordination and inter-beam interference
coordination mechanism is used for interference control.
Fig. 5 shows the concept of multi-beam control in the GK5G mobile communication systems.

Fig. 2.

Antenna structure of GK-5G BS

N Radiators

N*M Element

Fig. 3.

Antenna structure of GK-5G UE


Fig. 5.

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Multi-beam control of GK-5G System

For modeling the wireless channel on the mmWave band,


ray-tracing method is used. In the mmWave channel model, the
LoS signal is considered as primary signal component and the
first reflection signal is regarded as a reasonable component.
The first reflected signal is assumed to be additionally
attenuated by 20dB when the incident signal collides with a
specular surface.

4) Fast beam handover and radio link failure recovery


To prevent service interruption by frequent beam handover
in beam-based GK-5G mobile systems, fast beam switching or
handover mechanism with 3msec latency is used. Since
mmWave signal is intermittently unavailable by moving or
static propagation obstacles, quick link failure detection and
recovery mechanisms are provided.

1GHz downlink bandwidth in 28GHz frequency band is


considered and pathloss model in the GK-5G BS and relay is as
follows.

Fig. 6 shows the concept of fast beam switching and link


failure recovery in the GK-5G mobile communication systems.

PL[dB] = 92.4 + 20log10f + 20log10R


f: carrier frequency of GK-5G system
R: signal propagation distance

Receiver gain of relay is configured as 28dB and receiver


gain of UE is calculated considering realistic beam formation
based on real antenna configuration of GK-5G system elements.
Simulation parameters are summarized in the Table I.
TABLE I.
Fig. 6.

III.

Fast beam switching and link failure recovery

Simulator
parameter

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GK-5G MOBILE


COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A. Simulation Environment
Prior to realization of GK-5G system, it is important to
evaluate and verify performance of designed system on system
level. In order to evaluate the realistic performance of the GK5G mobile communication system in real-world environments,
system level simulator based on real geospatial information is
developed.
Performance evaluation has been done for the 500m by
500m open area and urban area at Daejeon city, Republic of
Korea. For the simulation, 3D geographical environment that
include the coordinates of buildings and their heights from the
ground is constructed from real geospatial information of urban
area as shown in Fig. 7.

SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Value
BS

Relay

Carrier Frequency

28 GHz

Bandwidth

1 GHz

UE

Tx Power

30 dBm/beam

30 dBm/beam

Tx Power Control

Fixed Power

Fixed Power

Antenna Height

30 m

10 m

1.5 m

Rx Gain

28 dB

The performance evaluation is done based on the following


deployment scenarios:

1 GK-5G BS in the area

1 GK-5G BS and 5 relays

B. SINR map
Table II shows SINR map of the open area and Table III
shows SINR map of the urban area.
By neighbor beam interference, low SINR regions of below
5dB exists in the open area having not propagation obstacle.
In the urban area, many regions having SINR level below 10 dB exist due to many propagation obstacles such as
different level high-rise buildings,.
Fig. 7.

By deployment of relays in low SINR regions, It is shown


that SINR level of negative number is improved over 0dB in
both area.

The urban area for performance evaluation

849

TABLE II.

SINR MAP OF THE OPEN AREA

BS

In the open area, deployed relays cause interference to


signal from BS and can make system coverage decrease.
However, the improvement of SINR level in relay deployed
regions leads to enhancement of system capacity and capacity
targets of GK-5G mobile communication system are fulfilled.

BS + 5 Relays

TABLE V.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF THE URBAN AREA

BS

TABLE III.

BS + 5 Relays

SINR MAP OF THE URBAN AREA

BS

BS + 5 Relays

he

LoS region ratio


1st reflection
region ratio
Total system
coverage
System throughput
Per-user
throughput

C. System Coverage and System capacity


For the evaluation, system coverage is defined as the region
having over -0.8dB SINR level which is minimum required
level to decode wireless signals. And 100 users are dropped
and random walk model is used. And RSS-based beam
selection is considered.

LoS region ratio


1st reflection
region ratio
Total system
coverage
System throughput
Per-user
throughput

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF THE OPEN AREA

15.87 %
91.07 %
55 Gbps
553 Mbps

LoS region ratio


1st reflection
region ratio
Total system
coverage
System throughput
Per-user
throughput

46.8 Gbps
468 Mbps

IV.

BS + 5 Relays

75.20 %

80.17 %

LoS region ratio


1st reflection
region ratio
Total system
coverage
System throughput
Per-user
throughput

94.45 %
4.50 %
98.95 %
105 Gbps
1050 Mbps

But the deployment of relays can broaden LoS region and


1st reflection region, hence, coverage holes are minimized and
system coverage is expanded and system capacity is improved.
By deploying 5 additional relays, 98.95% system coverage is
achieved and capacity targets of GK-5G mobile
communication system are fulfilled.

Regions covered by LoS are represented by red color and


regions by first reflected signal are represented by blue colors.

BS

2.99 %

Since concentrated buildings act as propagation obstacles,


there are many coverage holes in the urban area. In the
deployment scenario of 1GK-5G BS, only 80% system
coverage is achieved.

Table IV shows the system coverage and system capacity in


the open area and Table V shows the system coverage and
system capacity in the urban area.

TABLE IV.

77.18 %

CONCLUSION

This paper presented overview and features of the GK-5G


mobile communication system and evaluated performance of
the GK-5G mobile communication system through the system
level simulation considering real geospatial information.
Simulation results showed that mmWave based mobile
communication system using massive antenna structure and
beamforming technology on patch antenna array can achieve
capacity enhancement capable of processing the emerging
traffic avalanche. And, by deployment of relays, coverage
holes by propagation limitations in the mmWave based mobile
communication system are overcome and system coverage for
suitable communication service and more capacity
enhancement can be achieved.

71.83 %
14.85 %
86.68 %
117 Gbps
1167 Mbps

850

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