Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
proficiency on reading I in order to able to adjust or cope with reading III as well
as to hold intermediate level. (Syllabus, 2007:4)
Reading is one of English skills that every student of English Department
must have. By reading understanding grows and gets notion stressed on
vocabulary, besides, to arise many complexities in the text that has been read.
Reading is the process of introducing, understanding, and valuing in ideas, which
do not take as reflex mind, but it will be put consciously into the mind. Reading
texts also provide opportunities to study of language particularly of English
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language, for examples vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and the way construct
sentences, paragraphs, and texts. (Harmer.2001:68).
If the students of STKIP-PGRI Banjarmasin understand main ideas, it will
make them easy to answers the question based on text. On the contrary, when
students cannot understand the main ideas, they will have problem to determine
main ideas in the texts, of course they will unable to answers the questions about
the main idea.
But, some students of English Department still made mistakes in Reading
test, especially when they got a test about finding Main Idea. Moreover, if the
students cannot find the main idea of a paragraph on the question sheet, it means
that they cannot write the right answers.
1.5.
Working Theory
The main idea of a paragraph or story is what the passage is mostly talking
about. Everything else in in the written work tells more about the main idea.
Students well identify a main idea:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In a title
In the first sentence of a paragraph
In the middle of a paragraph
Expressed in two sentences
Implied, or stated
(Http://Lesson-planmaterial.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_to_find_the_main_idea.)
It is important to be able to find the main idea in a paragraph. The main idea
tells what the paragraph is mostly about. All of the other sentences are details
that tell more about the main idea. Sometimes the main idea is not written
explicitly by sentences.
(Http://www.ehow.com/how_4540359_find_main_idea.paragraph.html)
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1.
Meaning of Ability
Ability means capacity or power (to do something physical or
mental)(Hornby, A.S, 1987:2 in Rahmawati) According to Chaplin, Ability
(Kemampuan, kecakapan, ketangkasan, bakat, kesanggupan) merupakan tenaga
(daya kuat) untuk melakukan sesuatu.(Http://www.Diglib.petra.ac.id). William
in rahmawati (2011, p.6) states that Ability is the quality of being able to do
something or tratural or acquired skill or talent.
According to Noufeldt and Guralnik (in rahmawati, 2011, p. 6) : Ability is
being able: power to do (something physical or metal) skill expertness, or lets a
(specified) ability, cap a city or tendency. From the statement, we know that we
need and should have ability if we want to do something well and to do
something satisfactory but not necessarily outstandingly.
2.2.
Nature of Reading
There are various definitions of reading purposed by some experts. From
Eskey says that there is not yet a completely valid explanation of reading but
however imperfect the definition constitutes a necessary first step. ( Eskey, 19b6:
14). Christine Nuttal defines reading as the meaningful interpretation of printed
on written verbal symbol. (Nuttal, 1982: 14). It means that reading is a result of
the interaction between the perceptions of graphic symbols that represent
language and the readers language skills, cognitive skills, and the knowledge of
the world.
Reading is an active cognitive process of interacting with print and
monitoring comprehension to establish meaning (Clark and Silberstein, 1987:
15). Reading is instantaneous recognition of various written symbols,
simultaneous
association
of
these
symbols
with
existing
knowledge,
2.3.
Kinds of Text
The types of text taught consist of recount, narrative, procedure
What is it and why do we study it? then the analytical and hortatory talks about
the exposition text.
Argumentative is the act forming reasons, making inductions, drawing
conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of
inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles
known, admitted, or proved to be true. (Sudarwati. 2002: 32).
According to Alice C. Ommagio (1986, p.150) Reading is a language
process. The other language skill I English learning wont be successful without
reading. Reading is ready by the students to get information. The text in reading
is read though understanding. It is not only read without more but also it needed
to master by the students. So, the students will be easier to understand the text of
reading and know what the technique have to use in reading a text. In order to
understand how be as teachers can help students enhance the reading skill, we
need to think about both the purpose for which they read and stages or sequenced
steps trough which they must go to achieve those goals of purposes (Alice C
Ommagio, 1986 : 150).
In the teaching of reading we need to design reading activities that
correspond to all of these purposes and processes reading. This means that for
any given assignment, we should vary our reading activities according to the
type of text with which students are working and the purpose for which they are
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reading. In addition, activities need be design that help students develop specific
reading skill (Ommagio,1986 : 151).
Reading is an effort to interpret the writers idea or though into the
readers though. That kind of idea basically reflects that fundamental base in
reading as the transmission of intelligible massage from the reading text to the
reader. Teaching English language especially teaching reading cannot avoid the
printed instructional materials such as students book, teacher manual, students
work sheets and so on. Such materials will be entirely useless when they are not
read. Both the teacher and the students must read them well (Edward, 1972: 23).
Brown said in reality, reading is intentional. One reads because one is looking
for something trough the printed material. She has may look for some important
information likely to be found in the material (Brown, 1992, p. 302).
It is easy to identify main idea that is directly expressed in the text. But
the main idea is not always clearly stated. It is more difficult to identify main
idea. (Columbia Collega,2000)
Reading is a lesson English language that is very important in particular
finding main idea in the text. (Lenski et al, 1999). For example, a text may
include information about Thomas Jefferson and his biracial children, these
details are included to engage student interest yet they tend to pull student
attention away from identifying the main idea of a passage.
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reader to know about. So, the main idea is important idea that
the author develops throughout the paragraph. Then, the
function of the entire paragraphs is to explain, develop, and
support the main idea.
Usually one sentence expresses the main idea. This
sentence is called the topic sentence (Mc Whorter, 1986: 76).
12
described
(Carrel
and
Eisterhold,
1987:
221).
In
13
14
the
topic
correctly
means
knows
that
15
16
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
in line what
banyak,
penelitiannya
sejauh
bersifat
mana
deskriptif,
dan
yaitu
bagaimana,
menjelaskan
maka
atau
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students.
Collecting the students answers sheet.
Analyzed and calculating the test result of all students.
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students. They are divided into 2 classes, namely morning class with 31
students, and afternoon class with 29 students.
Table 3.4.
Population
No
Class
Population
1.
Morning
31
2.
Afternoon
29
Total
60
2. Sampling
The sampling technique is used purposive sampling.
According to Suharsimi Arikunto, Purposive sampling. Dilakukan
dengan cara mengambil subjek bukan didasarkan atas strata,
random/ daerah tetapi didasarkan atas adanya tujuan tertentu.
Ini dilakukan karena beberapa pertimbangan misal alasan
keterbatasan waktu, tenaga dan dana sehingga tidak dapat
mengambil sampel yang besar dan jauh. (Arikunto, 2002: 117).
3.5.
Technique of Data Analysis
The researcher will apply the test once. The test will be
applied to all students who take Reading II at STKIP PGRI
Banjarmasin, in order to know how far the students ability of
finding main idea in descriptive paragraph.
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20
Qualification
Excellent
Good
Average
Poor
5
(Arikunto, 2002: 18)
Fail
= Average
M (1, 5 SD) up
= Poor
= Fail