PRIMARYSOURCES

"Apologia,SuppressionofAfricanSlaveTrade::WEBDuBois.Org."Apologia,
SuppressionofAfricanSlaveTrade::WEBDuBois.Org.Web.2Nov.2014.
Thisanessentialprimarysourcethatshowcasedhisworkandprovideditunedited.
ThissourcecontributedtosomeoftheDuboisquotesusedinourwebsite.
Bois,W.E.B.Du."NegroesandtheCrisisofCapitalismintheU.S."MonthlyReview
4.12(1953):478.Web.
ThisprimarysourceshowshowDuboisfeltbecauseofthediscriminationofblacks.
TheywerenottreatedlikewhitesandthissourceshowsthewayDuboisreallythoughtof
thesituation.
Bois,W.E.B.Du."TheTrainingofNegroesforSocialReform."TheAfricanAmerican
Experience.Woodbridge,CT:PrimarySourceMedia,1999.AmericanJourney.U.S.
HistoryinContext.Web.2Nov.2014.
ThissourcewasaspeechgivenbyW.E.B.DuBoisanditwason"TheTrainingof
NegroesforSocislReform".Thisisaprimarysource.
"DuBoisCentralEssaysonEducation."DuBoisCentralEssaysonEducation.
UmassAmherst,2014.Web.09Sept.2014.
ThissourceprovidedparaphrasesforsixofDuBoisessaysoneducation,making
themeasierforustoreadandunderstand.ItalsoprovidedsomebackgroundonDuBois,
hismainbeliefs,andhisrelationshipwithWashington.

"DuBoisCentralEssaysonWar."DuBoisCentralEssaysonWar.UmassAmherst,
2014.Web.27Oct.2014.
Fromthissource,wehavebeenabletoseewhatDuBoisthoughtofwarandwhy.It
alsoprovidedparaphrasesforsixofDuBoisessaysonwar,makingthemeasierto
comprehend.DuBoistrulybelievedallwarswerecausedduetoracialinequality.
DuBois,W.E.B.AProposedPlatformfortheConferenceatBuffaloW.E.B.DuBois
LibraryUMassAmherst,July1905.Web.30october2014
ThisprimarysourceshowstheeightideasfortheNiagaraMovementConference.
DuBois,W.E.Burghardt.EVOLUTIONOFTHENEGRO.N.p.:n.p.,n.d.Print.
ThisprimarysourcegivesinformationonwhatDuboisthoughtofracismandhow

itevolved.Ittalksabouthowitwasbeforeandwhatitturnedinto.
DuBoisW.E.B.TheAutobiographyofW.E.B.DuBois:ASoliloquyonViewingMy
LifefromtheLastDecadeofItsFirstCentury.NewYork:International,1968.Print.
Fromthissource,wewereabletogetaglimpseofDuBoisinsightoneverything
goingonaroundthetimeofthecivilrightsmovement.Wereabletoseeandhisbeliefs
andintentionsaboutwhathewasdoing.Hewasbeinghonestabouteverythinghesaid
regardingWashington.Itwasnothate;itwascriticism.

Dubois,W.E.B.TheNiagaraMovement.1905.PDF
ThissourcecamedirectlyfromthedigitalarchivecollectionoftheW.E.BDubois
librarylocatedatUmassAmherst.Itisnotonlyanexcellentprimarysourcebutitgave
greatinformationaboutwhattheNiagaraMovementwasreallyaboutandthe
significanceoftheevent.

DuBois,W.E.B."TheSoulsofBlackFolk."VintageBooks/TheLibraryofAmerica,
1990.AmericanHistoryOnline.FactsOnFile,Inc.Web
Thissourceisaexcellentprimarysourcebecauseittakesexcerptsfromoneof
Duboisbook,TheSoulsofBlackFolkandfromthissource,itwaseasiertofindDubois
viewsandthoughtsonsegregationofAfricanAmericansandtheirrightsintheeconomy.

DuBois,W.E.B."TheTalentedTenth."TheNegroProblem.ByBookerT.Washington.
N.p.:JamesPott,1903.3176.GoogleBooks.
ThissourceprovideddetailsonDuBoisTalentedTenththeory.Thistheory
emphasizedtheimportanceofeducationinordertosucceedinlifeaswellasunderstand
theworld.DuBoisgaveexamplesofsomepeoplewhoroseaboveothers(Talented
Tenth)toabolishslaveryandworktogetherforequality.Thisprimarysourcealsogaveus
informationonhowthetalentedtenthwasbeforeandwhatDuboislaterthinksofit.It
alsogivesdifferentviewpointsofDuboisandwhathethoughtaboutthem.

Dubois,W.E.B.TheTrainingofNegroesforSocialPower.1903.PDF.
ThissourcealsocamedirectlyfromthedigitalarchivecollectionoftheW.E.B
DuboislibraryanditgivesthedirectwordsofDuboisinhisworkTheTrainingof
NegroesforSocialPower.

Hughes,Langston.FightforFreedom:TheStoryoftheNAACP.NewYork:Norton,
1962.Print.
Asthisisaprimarysource,wewereprovidedwithinsightfromapersonpresentat
thetimeoftheNAACPsearlydays.Notonlythat,butMr.Hughesreceivedhis
informationfrompeopleinvolvedwiththeNAACP.Also,wewereabletoseehowDu
BoisandtheNAACPpositivelyaffectedthepeopleoftheirtime.
"TheAfroAmerican."EScholarship.Web.2Nov.2014.
Thiswebsiteisadigitalprimarysource,itcontainshisworkundistorted.This
sourcegavequotesthatwereusefulinthewebsite.

TheNiagaraMovement:DeclarationofPrinciples(1905)."EncyclopediaofAfrican
AmericanCultureandHistory.Ed.ColinA.Palmer.2nded.Vol.6.Detroit:Macmillan
ReferenceUSA,2006.24482449.U.S.HistoryinContext.
Thissourceisnotonlyanexcellentprimarysourcebutitprovidedusefulquotesand
statementsthatcamefromthemindsofthefellowpeopleinvolvedintheNiagara
Movementevent.

TheSocialEqualityofWhitesandBlacks."HumanandCivilRights:EssentialPrimary
Sources.Ed.AdrienneWilmothLerner,BrendaWilmothLerner,andK.LeeLerner.
Detroit:Gale,2006.319321.U.S.HistoryinContext.Web.
Thissourcewasanessentialprimarysourcethatprovidedloadsofmeaningful
quotesandstatementsthatcanhelpustellastoryabouttheleadershipandlonglasting
legacyofW.E.BDubois.

"THESUPPRESSIONOFTHEAFRICANSLAVETRADETOTHEUNITED
STATESOFAMERICA16381870."TheProjectGutenberg.7Feb.2006.Web.2Nov.
2014.

Thisprimarysourcecontributedtothequotesonthewebsite.itgaveinsightonhow
Duboisthought.

SECONDARYSOURCES
"AmericanNationalBiographyOnline:DuBois,W.E.B."AmericanNational
BiographyOnline:DuBois,W.E.B.Web.2Nov.2014
Thiswebsitewasusefulwhendevelopingthebiographypageonthewebsite.Italso
gaveinformationonwherehewasborn.Thiswebsitewasalsousedwhenwritingabout
beingbornandraisedinaffectedhisperspective.
Bonner,ChristopherJ."AfricanAmericansinthe19thCentury."FactsonFile.Factson
File,Inc.,2011.Web.27Oct.2014.
Thissourceprovidedthecontextfor20thcenturyAmericabygoingbackintime.We
havebeenabletoseehowAfricanAmericansadjustedtolifeinAmericasinceslavery
andalsowhattheyhadtoputupwith.Thissourceprovidedallthreeviewpointsfromthe
CivilWar(North,South,andAfricanAmerican),allowingustoanalyzeeachside's
motivationsandintentions.Lastbutnotleast,itgaveinsightintotheReconstruction
periodaftertheCivilWar.

Bruce,Jr.DicksonD."W.E.B.DuBoisandtheDilemmaof"Race""AmericanLiterary
History7.2(1995):33443.JSTOR.Web.02Nov.2014.
ThisscholarlyarticlehelpsclarifyDuBoismostfamousideas.Also,itallowsusto
haveabetterunderstandingofthewayotherpeopleviewhisworksandbeliefs.

Bruce,DicksonD.,Jr."W.E.BDuBoisandtheIdeaofDoubleConsiousness."American
Literature2ndser.64(1992):299309.JSTOR.Web.9Sept.2014.
ThissourcehelpedusunderstandDuBoisideaofDoubleconsciousness,whichput
anemphasisonbeingtwopeopleatonce.AfricanAmericanswerebothAfricanand
American,buttheycouldonlybeone.TheirskincolormadethemAfricanbuttheyknew
theywereAmericanalso,thoughtheywerenttreatedlikeit.DuBoisgoalwastoget
thesetobeoneandthesameoratleastgetblackstobelievetheywere.

D.Wintz,Cary.AfricanAmericanPoliticalThought.Armonk:M.E.SharpeInc.,1996.
Print.
Thissourceismadeupoftheworks(mostlythespeechesandessays)ofboth
W.E.B.DuBoisandBookerT.Washington.

Elliott,Mark."Thequestionofcolorblindcitizenship:AlbionTourgee,W.E.B.DuBois
andtheprinciplesoftheNiagaraMovement."AfroAmericansinNewYorkLifeand
History32.2(2008):23+.USHistoryCollection.Web.
ThissourcewaswritteninthethoughtsofMarkElliot,whocriticizedandvoicedhis
opiniononthecivilrightleaders,BookerT.Washington,W.E.BDuboisandalsoAlbion
Tourgee.Itisavalidsourcebecauseithelpedusgetaninputfromotherindividualswho
arealsostudyingtheseleaders,andhowtheycomparedandcontrastedtheleaders
actions,beliefsandalsotheirviews.

Hamilton,NeilA."DuBois,W.E.B."AmericanSocialLeadersandActivists,American
BiographiesNewYork:FactsOnFile,Inc.Web
Thissourceprovideduswithagreatamountofquotesandvalidsignificantdatesthat
Duboistookactioninbutmostimportantly,itshowedusthewayDuboisthoughtabout
thewayhewouldtakeactionintoaneventandhowhewoulddoso.Thissourcegives
directquotesthatanswerquestionsaboutDuboisrolesinleadership.

HarvardCollegeClassof1890""DigitalCollection.N.p.,n.d.Web.09Sept.2014.
ThisshortsummaryofDuboisexperienceofharvardallowsustoknowwhathedid
afterharvardashebecamethespokesmanforAfricanAmericans.

Hinsman,Bonnie.AStrangerinMyOwnHome.Greensboro:MorganReynolds
PublishingInc.,2005.Print.
"AStrangerinMyOwnHome"describestheeventsthathappeninboththe
chikldhoodandadulthoodofW.E.B.DuBois.

Lewis,DavidL.W.E.B.DuBois:BiographyofaRace,18681919.NewYork:H.Holt,
1993.Print.
Thissourceexplainstheeventsthathappenedinthesecondhalfofthelifeand
careerofW.E.B.DuBois.

Marable,Manning.W.E.B.DuBois:BlackRadicalDemocrat.Ed.JohnM.Cooper.
Boston,MA:Twayne,1986.Print.
Fromthissource,wewereabletoseetheauthorsperspectiveonDuBoisandhow
heviewedhim.ThisisadvantagebecausewecancontrastthiswithwhatDuBoisfeltand
didwithhowotherpeopleatthetimemayhaveseen.Italsohelpedwithproviding
detailsonDuBoisactions.

McKissack,Pat,andFredrickMcKissack.W.E.B.DuBois.NewYork:FranklinWatts,
1990.Print.
ThissourceismoreofabiographyofDubois;however,italsogivesinformationon
racismandhowDuboisdealtwithitinorderfortheNAACPtoprosper.

McKissack,Pat.W.E.BDuBois.EmailInterview
IntheinterviewwithPatMcKissack,weareabletogetinformationonDuBois
andracismfromherownperspectivealongwithherownpersonalknowledgeand
knowledgethatwaslearned.ShehelpedtogiveadditionalinformationontheNAACP
andhowDuBoiskeptfightingforwhathebelievedwasright.

Moore,JacquelineM.BookerT.Washington,W.E.B.DuBois,andtheStrugglefor
RacialUplift.Wilmington,DE:ScholarlyResources,2003.Print.
Thissourcegaveaverydetailed,concisebiographyaboutW.E.BDubois.Italso
provideduswithinformationaboutbothDuboisandBookerT.Washingtonandfrom
that,wewereabletocompareandcontrastthetwoleadershiprolesandtheirlegacies.

Moore,JacquelineM."DuBois'Character".EmaiInterview.
IntheinterviewwithDr.Moore,wewereabletoreceiveclearandconcise
informationaboutDuBois'character.Dr.MoorehasspecializedinAfricanAmerican
cultureandherbook,BookerT.Washington,W.E.B.DuBois,andtheStruggleforRacial
UpliftwasagreatsourcetofindfactsanddetailsaboutthetwomostinfluentialAfrican
Americanactivists.
"NAACPHistory:W.E.B.Dubois."NAACP.NationalAssociationfortheAdvancement
ofColoredPeople,2009.Web.09Sept.2014.
ThissourcetalksaboutDuBoisRacialActivismandPanAfricanism.Itgoesonto
tellabouthiscontributionsasascholar.Thiswebsitewillhelpindescribinghislegacy.

Rowh,Mark.W.E.BDuBoisChampionofCivilRights.BerkeleyHeights,NJ:Enslow,
1999.Print.
ThissourcenotonlygivesinformationonDubois,butalsogivesusinformationon
thethingshedidandwhohewasasaperson.Ittalksabouthispartswiththecrisisand
thenaacpandhowhewasaninspirationthroughthem.

Stafford,Mark.W.E.B.DuBois.Ed.NathanIrvinHuggins.NewYork:ChelseaHouse,
1989.Print.
Thissourcetalksabouthisleadershipandhisstruggletobringaboutpeace.it
describeshowwhilehistimeawaytheracialclimatehaddeteriorated.Thisbookis
importantbecauseitshowshowDuBoisleadershipwasnecessaryduringthistime.

"SoulonFire"TheNewYorkTimes,November5,2000.Web29October2014.
ThissourceexplainedtheeventsthatoccurredinthelaterlifeofW.E.B.DuBois.

Sullivan,Patricia."DuBoisandtheNAACP."Emailinterview.12Nov.2014.
Fromthissource,wewereabletoobtaininformationthatwasnoteasilyattainable
fromtheothersources.WecouldaskedMs.Sullivandirectquestionstowhichshe
providedanswers,bothfactualandopinionated.HerbeingamemberoftheW.E.B.Du
BoisInstituteatHArvardalsoincreasedthecredibilityofherresponses.

Sullivan,Patricia.LiftEveryVoice:TheNAACPandtheMakingoftheCivilRights
Movement.NewYork:New,2009.Print.
ThissourceprovideduswithdetailsaboutwhattheNAACPsgoalswere.Wewere
abletofindoutthattheNAACPdidalotmorethanjustfightforrightsforAfrican
Americans.DuBoisdidalotfortheorganizationtoo.Hewasnotjustafounder,butalso
tookonanactiveroleinthebusinessoftheNAACP.

TheConservationofRaces.TeachingAmericanHistory.org,2006.Web.8Sept2014
ThissourceisanotherspeechgivenbyW.E.B.DuBoisthatfocusedonthe
importanttopicofraces.

ThomasC.Holt.DuBois,W.E.B..AmericanNationalBiographyOnline,Feb.2000.
Web.9Sept2014
Thissourcegivestheinformationfromtheeventsthathappenedfromthechildhood
toadulthoodofW.E.B.DuBois.

Under,HarlowG."DuBois,W.E.B."TeachersandEducators,AmericanProfiles.New
York:FactsOnFile,Inc.,1994.AmericanHistoryOnline.FactsOnFile,Inc.Web
Thissourceprovideduswithclear,preciseinformationofDuboisactionsinfighting
fortherightsofAfricanAmericans.Italsogavedetailedstatementsabouthowandwhy
DuboiscommittedthedeedsthathedidandhowthiseventuallyhelpedtheAfrican
Americanstoreceivetheequalitytheydeserved.

"W.E.B.DuBois."W.E.B.DuBois.LibraryofCongress,20Apr.2000.Web.09Sept.
2014.
Thissourcetalksabouthisworksandgivesimagesthatarecited.Thissourcewill
contributetothewebsiteintermsofimagesfordisplay.

W.E.B.DuBoisResearchInstitute."HutchinsCenter.N.p.,n.d.Web.09Sept.2014.
ThissourcetalksaboutallofthethingsDuboisdidincludingtheNAACPandthe
Crisis.Also,ittalksabouthowWWIhadtransformationsthatreflectedonDubois.


W.E.B.DuBois."Ushistory.org.IndependenceHallAssociation,n.d.Web.09Sept.
2014.
ThissourcegivesinformationonnotonlyDuboischildhoodandhisearlylife,but
alsoontheNAACPandtheNiagaraMovement.Itisntmuchofabiogaphyandeven
givesinformationonhisbeliefsduringthattime.

Whiting,Jim.W.E.B.DuBois:CivilRightsActivist,Author,Historian.Broomall,Pa.:
MasonCrest,2010.
ThissourcegaveinformationaboutDuBoisleadershipqualities.Italsofocusedon
hisqualitiesasanactivistandwhathedidintheNAACP.

WilliamE.B.Dubois'ConceptoftheRacialProblemintheUnitedStates:TheEarly
NegroEducationalMovement.TheJournalofNegroHistory.AssociationfortheStudy
ofAfricanAmericanLifeandHistoryInc.,July1956.Web.29October2014.
Thissourcegivesawiderangeofinfotmationfromthemaineventsthatoccurredin
thelifeofW.E.B.DuBois.

Williams,RobertW."TheLeadershipandLegacyofDuBois."Emailinterview.Nov.
Dec.2014.
Dr.Williamsansweredthequestionsaskedtothebestofhisabilityandindoingthis
hehelpedgivecontexttothetopic

Williams,RobertW."W.E.B.DuBoisatWEBDuBois.org:HomePage."W.E.B.Du
BoisatWEBDuBois.org:HomePage.N.p.,2004.Web.09Sept.2014.
Thissourcegivesinformationforfurtherresearch.Itgivesbookspicturesand
websitesforwithmoreinformationonthetopic.Someworksbyandabouthiswife
Shirleygrahamarealsoavailable.

Wormser,Richard.JimCrowStoriesPBS.PBS.Web.9Sept.2014.
ThissourcegivesshortbutdetailedinformationaboutDuBois'slifeandtalksabout

hisworks.Inadditiontothat,ittalksabouthisvaluesduringhistime.Thissourceis
importantbecauseittalksaboutvalues.