tour report

SUBMITTED BY
RAHUL BHARMORIA 10615
GANANA SELVEM 10645
AMAN KUMAR
09605

Introduction
As pe our curriculum we visited CHANDIGARH
after our 5th semester to have an idea about
the BUILDING SERVICES.
During our stay we visited
1.TRAUMA CENTRE (PGI)
2.DLF BUILDING (IT PARK)
In both the buildings we understood the two
main aspects of building services viz. HVAC and
FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES.

HVAC System
Design

HVAC system types

Several types of configurations for space
heating
HVAC systems are categorized by the method
used to convey energy:
All-air systems
Air-and-water systems
All-water systems

Types according to another cateogory are:

Central Forced-Air Systems
Hot Water Systems
Zone Control Systems
Radiant Heat

Objective
Goal: To develop an automotive airconditioning system that is smaller and lighter
than with conventional technology.

The Challenge:

The system must be

capable of keeping a temperature of 22C inside
a stationary black vehicle with four occupants,
with an outside temperature of 40C. Also, the
system must be an efficient heating system,
keeping an internal temperature of 15C with an
outside temperature of 0C.

H.V.A.C Heating, Ventilation and

Air Conditioning system

The HVAC regulates:

Room Temperature
Humidity
Air Quality
Air Flow

Refrigeration Cycle

Enthalpy kJ/kg

Vapour Compression Cycle

Design Parameters & Considerations

Heat Load on the HVAC

Cabin Relative Humidity
Evaporator Temperature
Refrigerant Used
Refrigeration Cycle :

Cabin design cooling and heating requirements

Temperature and Humidity range
Placement of Vents and Ducts
Space considerations
Effect on car performance
Efficiency
Environmental Impact

= 5.287 kW
= 40%
= 4C
= R134a
Vapour Compression

Compressor
Heart of the system, belt driven pump that fastened to engine.
Responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant.
Two interleaved scrolls with involute geometry.
One scroll fixed while the other orbits eccentrically to compress fluid

Advantage:
Very high volumetric efficiency (almost 98%)
Lesser Noise and lighter compared to rotary compressor.

Weight

5.8 kg

Displacement

90 ml/ revolution

Maximum Speed

12000 rpm

Rated Voltage

12 V

Condenser
Responsible for heat dissipation
The condenser is designed to radiate heat.
Located in front of the radiator
Require good air flow when system is in operation
Plate fin type heat exchanger with micro channels used.
Very compact and better heat transfer capability.
Hot compressed refrigerant vapour cools at constant pressure
to liquid.

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient = 92 W/m2K

Area

= 6.87 m2

Evaporator
Used remove heat from the inside of vehicle.

Secondary benefit - dehumidification.

Unconditioned air passes through a filter before entering the
evaporator.
Plate-fin evaporator with micro channels used.
Overall heat transfer coefficient = 98 W/m2K

Area calculated
Fan Flow Rate

= 3.04 m2
= 90 l/s

Layout of Components

fire fighting
Fire Extinguisher Types and Usage
Type A Ordinary
Type B Flammable
Type C Electrical
Type D Combustible Metals

TYPE A

TYPE B

TYPE C

TYPE D

Fire Alarm Systems

Heat Detectors
Applications
Where smoke is ordinarily present
Top of elevator shafts where sprinklers are present

Types
Fixed
Combination fixed/rate of rise

Location
On ceiling not less than 4 from sidewall, or on
sidewall between 4 and 12 of ceiling

fire fighting
Heat Detectors
Applications:
Where smoke is ordinarily present
Top of elevator shafts where sprinklers are present
Types:
Fixed
Combination fixed/rate of rise

fire fighting
Sprinkler System
a reliable water supply, piping, sprinklers, valves and
accessories for the purpose of automatically extinguishing a
fire.

fire fighting
Fire Alarm and Detection Systems
Functions of a fire alarm and detection system:
Initiate alarm
Manually
Automatically
Notify occupants
Audible alarms
Visual alarms

Warning Placards
Green

Red

EXPLOSIVE A

FLAMMABLE
GAS

NONFLAMMABLE
GAS

White

Red

POISON
GAS

Red &
White

FLAMMABLE
LIQUID

3
4

OXIDIZER

ORGANIC
UNKNOWN?

5
Yellow

POISON

White

IRRITANT

White

RADIOACTIVE

Yellow 7
& White

Black
& White
8