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Drivers of IPv6

V. K. Dwivedi
DGM
Trans & Core Network
BRBRAITT
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Agenda

Introduction
Brief of IPv4
Subnetting
VLSM
CIDR
NAT
Limitation of IPv4
IPv6
Enabling Technologies
Business Value
Wonders we can do with IPv6
Govt. Initiatives
Conclusion
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Preparing for Future


Communications
The Internet Architecture is based on the Internet
Protocol (IP). This protocol connects different network
elements like router, servers, hosts, computers, RFID
devices, mobile phones, sensors etc. This protocol
specifies that each device should have a unique address

to communicate globally with other devices on the


Network. This address is known as the IP Address.

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ROLE OF IP ADDRESS
WHO ?

Identification of Parties to the


Communication Transaction

WHERE ?

Determine the network location


of the Identified Party

HOW ?

Used
to
Decisions

support

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Routing

IP Address Schemes

IPV4 Address
(Present)

Total Addresses = 2^32 = 4 billion


Some addresses are reserved for
special purposes like private
networks or multicast addresses.
However practically only 250
million
addresses are usable.
5/11/2012

IPV6 Address
(Future)

Total Addresses = 2^128 = 340 billion,


billion, billion, billion

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About IP addresses
A finite common resource
Managed in the common interest
Critical to maintenance of global Internet

Not owned by address users


Not property

Cannot be bought, sold, or traded


Provided on a license basis
Returned to registry or provider when no longer required

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Where do IP addresses come from?

Standards
Allocation

Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)


distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbers
to the Internet community

Allocation

RIRs maintain accurate registration of


Internet resource usage for the community

Assignment
End
user

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Regional Internet Registries

1992: it is [now] desirable to consider delegating the registration function


to an organization in each of those geographic areas. (RFC 1338)

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IPv4 Consumption: Projection

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Indias IPv4 Address Status


Country

Country Code

Addresses(million)

Per Capita

United States

US

1474.319

5.297

China

CN

194.425

0.152

Japan

JP

153.327

1.210

European Union

EU

114.103

Germany

DE

85.300

1.038

Canada

CA

76.197

2.446

South Korea

KR

72.239

1.542

United Kingdom

GB

70.795

1.187

France

FR

68.385

1.155

Australia

AU

37.378

1.979

Italy

IT

32.344

0.561

Brazil

BR

29.755

0.175

Russian Federation

RU

24.919

0.170

Taiwan

TW

24.681

1.109

Netherlands

NL

21.249

1.339

Sweden

SE

18.998

2.144

India

IN

18.312

0.018

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http://www.bgpexpert.com/addressespercountry.php

10

Impact of Mobile phones & Broadband on


Demand for IP Addresses
More than 180 million data users in the country on mobile phones
752 mobile phones users as in February 2011
TRAI recommends a target of 100 million Broadband connections
by 2014.(Yet to be approved by Government)
Government intends to connect all more than 2,50,000 village
panchayats on high speed Broadband connectivity by 2012.
Millions of devices and objects will require unique addresses for
always-on connectivity.
Multiple addresses per device interface.

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11

Need for IPv6


Only 18.5 million IPv4 addresses for a population of
1.2 billion in India.
But the requirement for IP addresses will keep increasing
with new services, new networks, new applications.
Telecommunications will be largest consumer of IP
addresses in coming years (Broadband, 3G, NGN, 4G, LTE
etc.)
IPv4 is a diminishing resource and is very costly
compared to IPv6 right now and will be more costlier with
passage of time

IPv6 is the only solution !


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12

IPv6 Capabilities
Global Reachability and
Scalability

Large Address
Space 128 bit

Simplified
Header Format
Maintaining
Quality of Service

Efficient Routing and


Route Aggregation

Neighbour
Discovery

Serverless
Autoconfiguration
Plug and Play
Support

Built in security
mandatory IP Sec
Improved Support for
Mobile IP& Mobile Computing

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13

Brief Overview of IP
Addresses

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14

Why IP Address?
IPv4 was created to link networks by a unique address so
that no other detail was needed. In order to achieve this,
three requirements were implemented for IP to work.
1. The computer in the network of networks must be

uniquely identified.
2. All computers on the network must be able to send and
receive data in a specific format.
3. The computer must have the capability to transmit data
to other computers without having any specific
information except for their network addresses
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15

Dotted Decimal Notation


The IPv4 address is 32 bits long.
What the Internet machines see in 32 bits IP
address?
10001100101100111101110011001000
For human understanding IP address are separated
into 4 bytes, Each binary byte is converted into
decimal and is separated by a dot hence also
known as Dotted Decimal Notation.
How we see an IP address?
10001100.10110011.11011100.11001000
140.179.220.200
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Hierarchical addressing

In decimal the address range is 0.0.0.0 to


255.255.255.255

The IP address is of the form <networkID,


hostID>

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17

IPv4 Address Scheme


Two types of addressing schemes for IPv4
Class full
Classless
Class full

Original style of addressing based on first


few bits of the address. Generally used in
customer sites.
Classless
Disregards the class bit of an address (first
4 bits) and applies a variable prefix (mask)
to determine the network number.
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18

IPv4 Address Classes


There are five classes of addresses A, B, C, D & E.
A, B & C classes are used to represent host and
network address.
Class D, E for multicasting and video conferencing
and R & D.
Class-A:

Class-B:

Class-C:

Class-D:

For Multicast

Class-E:

For Research

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Identifying a class of address


Address Identifier Network Address
A

0 7 bits Network Address

10

110

1110

1111

Host Address

24 bits Host Address

14 bits Network Address

16 bits Host Address

21 bits Network Address

8 bits Host Address

Multicast address (224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255)


Reserved for future use

By Using first 4 bits, class of address can be identified.


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20

IP Address Bit Patterns


8 Bits

8 Bits

8 Bits

8 Bits

00000000

01111111

0-127

10000000

10111111

128-191

11000000

11011111

192-223

11100000

11101111

224-239

11110000

11111111

240-255

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Address space utilisation


128 127
1000000 01111111
0

100%

B-25%

10111111
191
192
1100000
0
11011111

C-12.5%
D-6.25%

E-6.25%

223

0
1
0

A-50%

1
0

1
224
11100000
0
239
11101111
240
255
11110000 11111111

00000000
0

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22

Networks Vs Hosts
In
Classless
environment
232=4,294,967,296 Hosts

we

can

Class

Networks

Hosts/Network

126

16,777,214

16384

65354

2,097,152

254

have

Having 16777214 hosts for Class-A and 254 hosts


for Class-C were not working well

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Sub netting
Chopping up of a network into a number of smaller
networks is called subnetting.
Allows to assign some of the bits, normally used by the
host portion of the address, to the network portion of
the address.
The format of subnetted IP address would be <network
number, subnet number, host number>

Efficiently uses the full network address.


Subnet is a real network under a network.
Any of the classes can be subnetted.
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Variable Length Subnet Mask


E- 100H
A- 50H
C- 14H
B- 13H
D- 6H
SL1
SL2
SL3

202.195.32.0

27 =

=
128
= 26 = 64
= 24 = 16
= 24 = 16
= 23 = 8
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4

A (50
Hosts)

E (100

Link-3

Hosts)

S0

E0

S0 Link-2 S1
E0

E1 S1
Link-1
S0

B
(13Hosts)

E0

C (14
Hosts)

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E1

D (6 osts)

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Variable Length Subnet Mask


E- 100H
A- 50H
C- 14H
B- 13H
D- 6H
SL1
SL2
SL3
E A C B D SL1SL2SL3-

= 27 = 128
= 26 = 64
= 24 = 16
= 24 = 16
= 23 = 8
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4
= 22 = 4

202.195.32.0 0000000
202.195.32.10 000000
202.195.32.1100 0000
202.195.32.1101 0000
202.195.32.11100 000
202.195.32.111010 00
202.195.32.111011 00
202.195.32.111100 00

A
0

C
B

0 0 1
1
1
0
01 1
0
010

10

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26

CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
Initially IP addresses were arbitrarily handed out
without regard to geographic location and were
overtaxing the Internet routing tables.
Supports route aggregation
A single routing table entry can represent
the address space of perhaps thousands of
traditional classful routes.
This allows a single routing table entry to
specify how to route traffic to many
individual network addresses.
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27

CIDR
Also known by the name Supernetting
Helps in reducing number of route table entries
192.60.128.0/24

192.60.1000 0000 .0

192.60.129.0/24

192.60.1000 0001 .0

192.60.130.0/24

192.60.1000 0010 .0

192.60.131.0/24

192.60.1000 0011 .0

For 1000 addresses advertise only one 192.60.128.0/22

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Without CIDR
NAP
198.32.1.0
198.32.2.0
198.32.3.0

198.0.0.0 through
198.255.255.0
ISP3

198.32.0.0 through
198.32.255.0
ISP1
198.32.1.0 198.32.2.0

198.32.1.0
198.32.3.0
198.32.2.0
198.33.1.0
198.33.1.0
198.33.0.0 through
198.33.255.0
ISP2

198.32.3.0

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circulation
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198.33.1.0

29

With CIDR
NAP

198.0.0.0/8
198.0.0.0/8
ISP3

198.32.0.0/16

198.33.0.0/16
ISP2

198.32.0.0/16
ISP1
198.32.1.0 198.32.2.0

198.33.0.0/16

198.32.3.0

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198.33.1.0

30

CIDR
With the remaining Class-C addresses the whole world

has been divided into 4 zones


Each zone is given a portion of Class-C addresses

194.0.0.0 to 195.255.255.255 (Europe)


198.0.0.0 to 199.255.255.255 (North America)
200.0.0.0 to 201.255.255.255 (C&S.America)
202.0.0.0 to 203.255.255.255 (Asia & the Pacific)

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31

Private Address Space


IANA has reserved the following three blocks of the IP
address space for private internets (RFC 1918):
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8 prefix)
24-bit block
Complete class-A network number

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12 prefix)


172.0001/0000.0.0-172.0001/1111.255.255
20-bit block
Set of 16 contiguous class-B network numbers

192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16 prefix)


16-bit block
Set of 256 contiguous class-C network numbers.

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32

Private Address Space


They can be used by anyone setting up internal IP
networks, such as a lab or home LAN behind a Router
performing NAT (Network Address Translation) or proxy
server.
It is always safe to use these because routers on the
Internet will never forward packets coming from these

addresses.
These addresses are defined in RFC 1918

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33

NAT

(Network Address Translation)

Private addressing

Public IP Addressing
Address translation

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Problems of IPv4
Addressing problem
Routing Crisis
End to End problem
Security
Mobility
Performance
Cost

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Address Crisis

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Routing Crisis

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End to End problem

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Mobility

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Security Problem

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40

IPv6 Features
1. Larger address space
2. Global reachability
3. Flexibility
4. Auto-configuration
5. Aggregation
6. Multi-homing
7. Efficient Routing
8. Scalability
9. Easy Mobility
10.Better security
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41

Enabling
Technologies

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42

Drivers-Mobile IP
Wireless networking has grown from a LAN extension
application to regional and long-haul services in areas
where it is impractical or undesirable to implement
wired infrastructure.

Geographies and subscribers unimagined by the


intrepid ARPA pioneers are getting connected to a
global IP infrastructure, straining the IPv4 address
space even further.
Because these protocols are so new and will
incorporate a potentially huge number of devices with
embedded IP addresses,

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Drivers-Mobile IP
Mobile nodes must be
able to move from
router to router without
losing end-to-end
connection

Home address:
Maintains connectivity
Care-of address:
Maintains route-ability
Mobile IP will require
millions or billions of
care-of addresses
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44

Drivers-Peer to Peer Networking


Every host is a client and a server

That is, a consumer and a producer


The Internet has evolved into a Services in
the Middle model
Information and services flow primarily toward
the user

Present online gaming mostly client/server

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45

Drivers-Internet Enabled devices


New technologies such as IEEE 1394, 802.1a/b/g
and Bluetooth for both mobile and home use are
being deployed in large numbers, which are network
ready.

Televisions with embedded cable connectivity, as


well as advanced networking ability as part of the
Digital Living Network Alliance.
Mobile telephones use this technology to take the
place of remote controls in selecting programming
for viewing.
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46

Drivers-Internet Enabled devices


Content is distributed throughout residence using
centralized gateways that store and forward audio
and video data. That same data is then available via
an Internet connection to household members as
they travel on business.
The average consumer has no desire to configure
multiple devices, in multiple locations, using multiple
tools. Simplicity has been proven to be key to
success in the consumer market.

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47

Drivers-Internet Enabled devices

Devices are coming hardwired for IP connectivity


(contain IPv6 network processors and be stamped
with IP addresses that act as serial numbers.)
Consumers are not willing to perform these complex
management tasks.

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48

Drivers-Internet Enabled devices


Internet-enabled appliances
1. Dual Mode Handsets
2. IP enabled Digital
Cameras
3. Digital Network
Refrigerator
Internet-enabled automobiles
1. Already available in many
luxury cars
2. Interesting research being
conducted in Japan
Smart sensors
Bioelectronics
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49

Enabling Technologies
4G wireless networks such as Long Term Evolution (LTE)
will substantially increase the capacity and access speeds
of wireless mobile networks. LTE offers baseline uplink
speeds of 50Mbps and downlink speeds of 100Mbps and

will be rolled out by major wireless operators.


Broadband network access to residential and business

premises is a key enabler for expansion of the IPv6


Internet. GPON/GEPON service which bundles television,
telephone, and Internet access over a fiber-optic network
that extends all the way to the customer premise.
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50

Enabling Technologies
Deployment of IPv6 in the backbone networks of major
telecommunications

carriers

is

prerequisite

to

actualization of the envisaged value proposition. DOT


has made a road map to evolve its global public and
private IP networks to support IPv6.

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51

Enabling Technologies
Radio frequency identification (RFID) are implantation of
miniaturized ICs that are capable of transmitting radio
frequency signals into various objects (humans, products,
animals, etc.).

Applications of RFID- monitoring and tracking of

assets,

remote control, elimination of paperwork, management of

inventory, reduction of transaction costs, elimination of


queues

in

service

stations

(e.g.,

retail

stores

and

transportation systems), tracking of livestock & vehicles,


etc.
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52

Enabling Technologies
Integrated logistics and advanced supply chain systems
involve automated techniques for managing the flow of
resources and information across space and time from
points of origin to points of consumption. Advances in

this area can be leveraged to monitor, track, inventory,


replenish, and control a multitude of objects within the

IPv6 internet.
Advances in Artificial Intelligence, combined with
miniaturization, allow the inculcation of basic intelligence
into a variety of objects.
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53

Enabling Technologies
Global Positioning System (GPS) provides precise timing
and

positioning

services

to

users

worldwide

on

continuous basis, using signals from a system of satellites.


Sensor networks consist of autonomous sensors that
collaborate to monitor specified physical and environmental
conditions. E.g. include inexpensive electronic cameras and

various types of transducers (heat, pressure, motion,


sound, vibration, etc.) that can be embedded in an range

of objects to monitor & report state transitions to remote


systems.
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54

Enabling Technologies
Nanotechnology

represents

an

extreme

form

of

miniaturization that deals with structures at scales of


hundreds of nanometers. This technology is valuable for
its capability for minuscule embedded intelligence.
Autonomic systems pertain to the development of
computer-based systems able to modulate and control
their internal operating functions, then observe and
adapt to their external environments while serving their

intended purpose.
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55

Enabling Technologies
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a framework
developed by 3GPP for delivering IP multimedia services
and is expected to form a foundation for fixed-mobile
convergence.

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56

Business Value
IPv6 provides business value in numerous ways.

From a cost perspective, some features of IPv6 could


reduce internal enterprise network and IT operating
expenditures.
From a revenue viewpoint, a variety of sophisticated
product propositions will be enabled by the abundance of
IPv6 addresses.

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57

Business Value
Investment protection: Because IPv6 is the technology

direction of public and private IP networks, investments in


IPv6 -based assets are likely to have a longer service life

than expenditures on IPv4-only systems.


Auto-configuration feature of IPv6 improves manageability

and reduces network administration costs.


Native support for mobility permits seamless integration of a

mobile workforce.
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58

Business Value
The abundance of IPv6 addresses allows the assignment of
globally-unique IP addresses to objects within the enterprise
environment, removes the need for private addressing, and
consequently eliminates the capital and operating costs
associated with deploying and maintaining Network Address

Translation (NAT) devices.

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59

Business Value
Greater flexibility and simplicity in IPv6- Some large
enterprises use the same private IPv4 address blocks in
different segments of the business (either through historical
lapses or M&A transactions), resulting in conflicting address

assignments and requiring complex network policies to


ensure interwork and interact with each other.
It represents a hidden cost of M&A transactions because
the IP addressing schemes of merged businesses must be
reconciled before full integration of networked assets can
occur.
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Business Value
Intrinsic security stems from incorporation of the IP security
protocol suite into the IPv6 architecture.
Global greening and IT efficiency improvements can be

obtained by utilizing IPv6-based multimedia collaborative


systems to minimize the need for travel, thereby reducing
the carbon footprint of the connected enterprise.

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61

Business Value
Enhanced customer quality of experience can be realized by
driving automation into every aspect of the enterprise
environment using connected smart objects with distinctive
IPv6 addresses.

Business process improvements, optimized outsourcing


efficiency, and continued globalization are additional

benefits which leverage IPv6-based integrated information


processing systems, embedded automation capabilities, and
collaborative tools such as immersive multimedia services.
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62

Business Value
Internet of Things: One of the most important value
propositions of IPv6 is its role in facilitating the emergence
of a network interconnecting common objects equipped with
embedded miniaturized intelligence modules.

The enormous address space of IPv6 will enable support of


smart appliances, mobile devices, and associated services

that will underpin the envisaged Internet of Things.


Futurists have speculated the Internet of Things could
potentially result in one of the largest transformations of
human civilization subsequent to the Industrial Revolution.
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63

Business Value
Unbounded market space: Telecommunications networks originated as a
means to support communications between humans situated in different

locations. Subsequently, with the advent of the Internet, human-tomachine communications (e.g., web browsing and e-commerce) became
common place. When IPv6 is fully deployed, prevalence of traffic in
communication networks will involve machine-to-machine transactions
without human intervention.
This evolution will be a significant paradigm shift in the telecom sector
and will create ripple effects on other industry segments. Because the
number of objects that can be connected to the network is unlimited,

this advancement will create unbounded market spaces for products and
services that support machine-to-machine interaction.
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WONDERS WE CAN DO
WITH IPV6 !!

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IPv6 Applications in Agriculture Industry

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IPv6 Applications in UID


Under UID Project IPv6 implementation can
play a vital role in the following
1. Providing Consistent, Coordinated Services
to Indian Citizens
2. Efficient, Synchronized Search and Rescue
during Emergencies like Terrorist attacks
3. Provides Instant Access for Greater Public
Safety during Catastrophic Attacks
4. Financial Assistance and monitoring
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IPv6 Applications Others!!

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Various IPv6 Greenfield Applications


Suggested Pilot Projects in Greenfield
Applications

Rural Emergency Healthcare System


Telemedicine
Distance Education
Power Generation and Distribution
Logistics and Supply Chain

Different Ministries, Government Departments and Organizations in


Private Sector can come forward to Work on these and similar Pilot
Projects.
69
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Rural Emergency Health Care

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Rural Emergency Healthcare Current Process


Caller in
distress
Dial
108

Public Switching
Telephone
Network (PSTN)

Dispatch
Officers (DO)
Doctor

Ambulances
nearest to caller
Located &
guided
to destination

Central Co-ordination Contact


Center

Ambulances located at strategic


places in districts

Doctor at
Contact
Center &
Nurse in
Ambulance coordinate
over phone
about
patient care

Deficiencies in Todays Rural Emergency Healthcare scenario


(Communication only by Phone)
Vital sign information sent on phone - Blood pressure, ECG, Temperature .. Etc.
Doctor lacks the ability to see the patients visual condition
Doctor provides Offline Healthcare on phone
Ambulances manually called and guided over phone to destination
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IPv6 simplifies & enhances Rural Emergency Healthcare


Caller in
distress

GPS helps Locate


Ambulance, guides
Ambulance driver
To destination

IPv6 Backbone

Dial
108

Central Co-ordination Contact Center

Bio-sensors help collect


Vital sign info which is
transmitted in real-time
helping doctor provide
effective healthcare

3G
WiMax
Ambulances located at strategic places in districts

IPv6 Technologies Rural Emergency Healthcare


Confidential Tech Mahindra
2009

Bio-Sensors
Seamless Video-Conference
IPv6 based Real-time Vital signs data
Automatic Vehicular Location System
Benefits IPv6 Rural Emergency Healthcare scenario
transfer
Real Time Patient Vital sign information collected by Bio Sensors Blood pressure, ECG,
Temperature .. Etc,
Patients condition is seen in real time Video by Doctor - More effective diagnosis & advice
D.O. locates nearest Ambulance - using GPS Driver reaches destination faster via GPS

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IPV6 Network of Urban and Rural

Hospitals

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Health Care: The IPv6 Internet could increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of medical systems and
decrease the cost of health care delivery.
Specific applications include remote medical diagnosis,
remote monitoring of patients, home-care support,

remote consultation with specialists, customized


treatment, and disease prevention.

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74

Hospital Network Linking Urban &


Rural Hospitals
Rural
Health
Centre

PHC

IPv6
Network

IPv6
Network
URBAN
HOSPITAL

PHC
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PHC

75

Rural Patient

Tele Health Patient Seeking Medical Advice Remotely


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Tele-Health Schematic using Mobile Network


Sensors used to
collect Patient
Condition and
Transmitted
using mobile
phone

Immediate
Feedback

3
Patient Monitoring Team

Data
Transmitted to
the Medical
Server

IPv6

Analyzed Data
Transmitted to Nurse /
Doctor for advice
Health Care Provider

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Distance Education

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Education: The educational sector is likely to be an early

beneficiary of IPv6 adoption. Specific benefits include


universal e-learning, personalized instructions to
students, remote peer-to-peer communications and
collaboration among students, and opportunities for
student experimentation. IPv6-based online learning also
could reduce transportation costs in educational
environments and facilitate global outreach initiatives by

offering courses to anyone in the world.


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Distance Education
Universalization
of Education
Extending Quality
Education
to
Remote and Rural
Areas
IPV
6

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Partially mitigate
non availability of
good teachers in
sufficient numbers
80

Power Generation and Distribution

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81

Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Electric Utilities: The main benefit of IPv6 within this sector will
accrue with smart grid technology, which is an initiative
presently underway to modernize the electric power system
using two-way communication schemes for monitoring and

managing the generation, transmission, and distribution of


electricity.

By securely networking and assigning IPv6 addresses to


various elements within the power gridincluding meters in
customer premises for greater coordination, reliability &
efficiency of electricity delivery and utilization.
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Indian Electricity Scenario


Power Supply Position (MW)
Demand

Supplied

Shortage %

2005-06

93255

81792

12.3%

2006-07

100715

86818

13.8%

2007-08

108866

90793

16.6%

2008-09

109809

96685

12%

AT&C (Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses) ~ 33%


Objectives - APDRP (Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program of
the GoI Funded through PFC)
Sustained Loss Reduction
Reliable and Automated systems for collection of accurate Base Line Data
Adopting IT for energy accounting
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Todays Scenario
Electricity grid is DUMB"
Workers have to walk from house to house to read the electricity meter
Utilities have no clue of power outage until customers call to complain.

Tomorrows Scenario ?
The electricity grid is SMART enough for

Remote collection of data fully sensor based network

Automatic load balancing, DSM and transfer of power from one


region to another

Automatic detection of outages

Flexible metering

What will make it possible ?


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IPv6
84

Smartgrid Schematic

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85

Bidirectional, Intelligent Network

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Benefits from Smart grid Services


Advanced Metering
Infrastructure

Automatic meter Reading using sensors

Business Analysis

Analyze usage data to make decisions

Energy Management
Services

Grid monitoring and management

Demand Side
management

Remote management of energy demand,


Load balancing

Distribution automation

Optimize performance of Transmission


and Distribution assets

Remote equipment
Monitoring

Ease of fault detection, maintenance

Telecommunications

Can be provided as a service using the


power line infrastructure

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IPv6 in Transportation

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IPv6 Applications in Transport System


With IPv6, Intelligent Transportation
Systems can provide two-way, real-time
communications along the roadside

Data to help with issues such as road rage,


pollution, and even utilize roadside sensors
to help protect citizens.

Transportation Departments receives decibel


readings and pollution statistics from
multiple sensor
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89

Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Transportation: IPv6 will be a crucial component of intelligent
transportation systems and is expected to have an
immediate impact on the shipment and automotive industry.
Mobile IPv6, along with GPS, automatic vehicular guidance
technology, and smart speed-control systems could improve
safety in the transportation industry.
Dynamic tracking of vehicles could reduce costs and
increase the efficiency of logistics systems.

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Transportation:
The IPv6 infrastructure also may assist law enforcement
agencies in enforcing speed limits through remotely
triggered automated control capabilities.

It can also assist in deterring and detecting crime, and


apprehending criminals by virtue of the intimate connectivity

of various subsystems within a vehicle to the mobile


Internet.
IPv6 could support transmitting real-time on-board vehicular
diagnostic information to remote service locations.
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IPv6 in Railways

How can Railways benefit from IPv6 deployment ?

Railways handles Indias largest supply chain consisting of


wagons, bogies, engines, processing centers, point of sale
terminals , millions of parcel objects each day
Service Automation

Connectivity

Addressability

Scalable Internet Platform


IPv6
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Vision for Railways / Railtel


Highly optimized supply chain based on IP
technology (IPv6)
Very large scale telemetry and sensor network
enhancing railway safety (enabled by IPv6)
Railtel as an ISP (Broadband subscribers on IPv6)

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NetCentric Warfare for


Defence

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Defense: IPv6 networks could play a role in optimizing
defense procurement and logistics management
processes plus aid in real-time tracking of various
military assetsincluding expendable resources in
tactical environments. Additional benefits include:
greater coordination in team and geo-political coalition
scenarios, prospect for cyberspace and information
superiority, and information interoperability within the

command levels and among different units.


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Uses computers and communications to link people and


weapons over long distances and in the battlefield
Relies on computer Processing power

Reliable and quick information exchange between forces in


battlefield
Better coordination between different forces
decision making

& Superior

Coordinate complex military operations over long distances

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Operational Processes and Effectiveness

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Impact on Missions and Functions

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Advantages of NCW
Power is increasingly derived
from
information
sharing,
information access and speed
Networked forces can be
smaller in size
When one unit gets into trouble
other units can quickly come to its
aid
Difficult for enemy to attack a
spread out formation
Fewer troops, lesser equipment
cheaper warfare
Sensor based networks on-site
analysis of intelligence data
obtained through sensors
quicker decision making in the
battlefield

When the forces are well connected


they can spread out over a larger
area thus reducing the chances of
fatal incidents wiping out the entire
troop at the same time

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Intelligent Information Network


Communication
Platform

Weapons
IPv6 based
Intelligent
information
Network
Net
Ready
Nodes

Communication
Platform
Net
Ready
Nodes

Forces

Net
Ready
Nodes
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Green World
Conserving energy and alleviating traffic
congestion have long been goals of
government. But in recent years, living and
working green has taken on new importance.
Building IPv6-based sensor and control
networks will provide as much as 30 percent
greater efficiency in managing and operating
buildings.
The use of IPv6 to support teleworking and
secure remote access will enable agency
officials to travel less and work from home or
close-in telework centers
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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Federal and State Governments: IPv6 networks could
decrease the cost of public services by reducing the
transaction costs of interacting with the populace. In
particular, it would facilitate timely and customized
dissemination of information to citizens, and support

smart digital identity cards and passports.

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Telecommunications: The telecommunications industry is
the backbone of the IPv6 Internet. Because
telecommunications operators enjoy the role of
intermediaries in the transmission of information within
the IPv6 economy, they are uniquely positioned to
create new market opportunities that leverage their

distinctive situation by offering new types of mediation


and clearinghouse services.

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Entertainment, Leisure, Gaming, and Interactive Software:
IPv6 adoption could substantially increase the market scope
and service offerings within this sector.
The technology can be leveraged to develop pervasive,

multimedia, multiplayer online games for leisure and


education. These games can be played using a variety of

ubiquitous mobile and fixed devices.


Also, removal of NATs will allow more seamless peer-topeer interactions in virtual reality settings.
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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Entertainment, Leisure, Gaming, and Interactive Software:
IPv6 coupled with IPTV technology could revolutionize and
reduce the cost of delivering television services and other
broadcast content to consumers, including return paths for

dynamic user interaction.


Mobile IPv6 combined with GPS would have beneficial
effects

on

the

tourism

industry,

rendering

real-time

situational awareness information to the tourist, highlighting


services available within the travelers current locality.
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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Logistics, Inventory Control, and Supply Chain Management:.
The ability to assign unique IPv6 addresses to various
objects within the logistics system will deliver end-to-end
visibility, assist in tracking the movement of resources
through the system, improve inventory management and
control, reduce costs, and offer new levels of

responsiveness in addressing demand variability and


meeting stakeholder requirements

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Sectoral Benefits from IPv6


Real Estate: Within this sector, the unifying theme is the
creation of intelligent connected homes and connected
offices, in which every device within a building is assigned
an IPv6 address and connected to the network.
When coupled with remote structural monitoring,
environmental monitoring, integrated logistics systems,
and smart control technology, the intelligent building will
offer new levels of comfort, convenience, automation,
and economy to its inhabitants.
An oft cited example is that of a refrigerator that
monitors its inventory of various groceries and
automatically initiates replenishment orders when
specified thresholds are observed.
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IPv6 Related Activities undertaken


by
Govt. of India, DOT

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Initiatives by Government
Various issues on IPv6 were deliberated
at different levels in DoT, Department of
Information Technology (DIT), Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) and
other Stakeholders during previous years
based on which Telecom Commission in
2009 took certain decisions for IPv6
related activities in India
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Actionable Points of National IPv6 Deployment Roadmap

National IPv6 Deployment Roadmap was


released by the Government of India in July 2010.
based on various IPv6 activities and discussions
1. All major Service providers (having at least 10,000 internet customers
or STM-1 bandwidth) will target to handle IPv6 traffic and offer IPv6
services by December-2011
2. All central and State government ministries and departments,
including its PSUs, shall start using IPv6 services by March-2012
3. Formation of the IPv6 Task Force with one Oversight Committee, one
Steering Committee and 10 working groups

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Structure of India IPv6 Task Force


Formation of IPv6 Task Force was approved by Government in July 2010.

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Oversight Committee

Secretary(T),
Chairman

Member(T),
Vice Chairman

Advisor(T)
DoT

Sr.DDG, TEC

Senior
Officers of
DoT/DIT/TEC

DDG( NT ),
Convener

Industry Associations / Heads of Service


Providers / Key Govt. Departments /
Educational Institutions / Industry Forums /
eminent persons
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Steering Committee (To Head the Working


Groups in Task Force)

Advisor(T)/Member(T)
Chairman

Sr.DDG, TEC
Vice Chairman

Senior Officers of
DoT/ DIT/TEC

DDG( NT ),
Convener

Industry Associations / Heads of Service


Providers / Key Govt. Departments / Key
Educational Institutions / Industry Forums /
eminent persons
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Lead & Co-Lead Organizations for Working Groups


Co-Lead Organizations

No. of
Members

CMAI, CISCO, TATA


CISCO, BSNL, SIFY, NIC

21
66

CDOT, IPv6 Forum

20

COAI, AUSPI, DoT, CISCO

22

SIFY

TEC, Juniper

11

DIT
Tech Mahindra
ISPAI

Tech Mahindra, ERNET


UTStarcom, CDOT, IAMAI
BSNL, IAMAI, NIXI

13
16
18

Sr.No Name of the Working Group


.

1.
2.
3.
4..

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Lead Service
Provider /
Organization
Training and Awareness WG
BSNL
IPv6 Network Implementation
TEC
WG
Standards and Specifications
TEC
WG
India6 Network WG
Tata Comm

Experimental IPv6 Network


WG
Pilot Project WG
Applications support WG
Knowledge Resource
Development WG
IPv6 Implementation in the
Government WG
Network Security WG

Note: Each working Group will

DoT

TEC, M/o Railways, NASSCOM,


130
CCAOI
DoT
M/o Defence, MHA, IISc
6
be headed by aBangalore
Lead Organization

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Functions of Different Working Groups

WG-1 (Training and Awareness for ~ 250,000 persons)


Hands-on trainings in association with APNIC, IISc and other
organizations
IPv6 Certification programs for qualified engineers
Trainings for nodal officers from government
Conducting Workshops, seminars and conferences

WG-2 (IPv6 Network Implementation)


Studying the different network scenarios and make action plans for
individual service providers / organizations.
WG-3 (IPv6 Standards and Specifications)
Coordinate with TEC for development of common IPv6 specifications
for the country, which will be followed by all stakeholders.

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Functions of Different Working Groups contd..


WG-4 (India6 Network)
To study, plan and prepare a project report for building a nationwide
IPv6 Carrier Network called Transition Pipe, which will be entrusted to
one of the operators

WG-5 (Experimental IPv6 Network)


Study, plan and prepare to build this network, which can then be used for
experimentation by different vendors and organizations both from the public
and the private sector.

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Functions of Different Working Groups contd..


WG-6 (Pilot Projects on Greenfield Applications)
Prepare Plans, project reports, funding models and coordinate with

different government and service providers to take up the deployment


of such pilot projects to demonstrate the IPv6 capabilities

WG-7 (Application Support)


Facilitate the transition of existing content and applications and
development of new content and applications on IPv6.
WG-8 (Knowledge Resource Development)
To ensure active participation of the educational institutes

Involved in the change of curriculum to include study of IPv6 as a


subject.
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Functions of Different Working Groups contd..


WG-9 (IPv6 Implementation in Government)
Pursue with different government departments for implementation of

IPv6.
Guidance on solving problems related to implementation of IPv6
Members will be drawn from nodal officers in various government
departments for active participation

WG-10 (Network Security)


Research on Security related issues in IPv6
Development of security protocols specific to India for use in Indian

Networks
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IPv6 Pilot Project - Goals


Technology demonstration Build confidence in IPv6 as
a technology
Showcase solutions which result in RoI
Social benefits Impacting common
Innovation Entrepreneurship, New ideas and solutions

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Few Required IPv6 based Pilot projects in


India
Logistics and Supply Chain (e.g. Railways, Shipping, Postal
etc.)
Intelligent Transport System (e.g. Road & Surface Transport)
Intelligent Warfare (Ministry of Defence)
Healthcare System (Ministry of Health)
Tele-education (Ministry of Human Resource Development)
Smartgrids (Ministry of Power)
Smart Buildings (All Ministries)
Sensor based Intelligent Systems (Weather Monitoring,
Agriculture etc)

1. Different Ministries, Government Departments and Organizations along


with Private Sector will Work on these and similar Pilot Projects.
2. Many ministries/Departments dont have enough computerization so they
can jump start directly with IPv6 without going in for legacy IPv4 network
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Pilot project - Accomplishments


Current status

State/PSU
Himachal Pradesh

Identified the pilot projects are:


Tele-medicine
E-learning

Karnataka

Identified pilot projects are:


Intelligent buildings
State portals

Gujarat

State government has agreed to


execute pilot projects identification of
projects in progress

Tripura

State government has agreed to


execute pilot projects identification of
projects in progress

Tamilnadu, SBI,IRDA,BESCOM

Discussions in progress

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Challenges
May require investment to transition to IPv6
Existence of techniques to address IPv4 limitations
Potential security and privacy issues with removal of NATs
May entail changes to existing business models

Service life of IPv4 can be extended with additional tweaks


to tackle address depletion
Potential enlargement of the global routing table if IPv6
addresses are not assigned diligently
IPv6 addresses are not intuitive; however, autoconfiguration simplifies address assignment
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Conclusion
The transition to IPv6 could be viewed as an
extremely technical even esoteric exercise.
But the advanced IPv6 applications developed and
deployed in the next 30 years will yield real-world
benefits.
They include better access to telemedicine,
increased readiness to respond in emergency
situations and more efficient supply chain
management, to name a few.
With IPv6, government can improve the quality of
public services via enhanced security, mobility,
access to information and ability to collaborate.
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Conclusion
IPv6 evolution will take place over time, and both
technologies will likely coexist for years.
IPv6 will offer service providers an opportunity to
tailor offerings to customers, launch innovative
services, and generate new revenues.
By capitalizing on IPv6s improved security, QoS
options, mobility, autoconfiguration, and peer-topeer capability, service providers can create a
powerful suite of next-generation Internet services
and stimulate new revenues.

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Conclusion
The growing worldwide demand for IP
addresses are due to the increase in mobile
devices; the growth of broadband access; the
convergence of voice, data, and video; the
proliferation of potential IP-enabled devices;
and the burgeoning popularity of VoIP.
IPv6 is reality of converged world.

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