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ARCVIEW EXTENSION
ARCVIEW EXTENSION
SEPTEMBER 2003
CENTRAL PLAINS CENTER FOR BIOASSESSMENT
KANSAS BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
AND
KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
AND
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AND
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION VII
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This AnnAGNPS-GIS interface was initially programmed by Dr. Mingshu Tsou
of Kansas Biological Survey (former employee of the Kansas Geological Survey) and
Girmay Misgna of the Kansas Geological Survey, and is undergoing modification
(including updating) by Jude Kastens of the Kansas Biological Survey under the guidance
of Dr. Steven Wang, Project PI, of the Kansas Biological Survey. Technical support
from Dr. Xiaoyoung Zhan of the Kansas Geological Survey is gratefully acknowledged.
Special thanks are given to Drs. Ronald L. Bingner, Fred D. Theurer, and
Yongping Yuan of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture;
Su Liu, Chad Volkman, and Lyle Frees of the Natural Resource Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture; Dr. Sean Kruger of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, South Dakota for their help in assisting the interface development
and/or reviewing the report.
Appreciation is extended to Drs. Kyle Mankin, Philip L. Barnes, and Samar J.
Bhuyan and Qianhong Tang at Kansas State University for sharing their experience in
AGNPS and AnnAGNPS, to Jeremy Bartley of the Kansas Geological Survey for data
preparation.
The assistance, advice, and comments of the Center Plains Center for
BioAssessment director, Dr. Donald G. Huggins, have been of great value in developing
this interface and preparing this report. Editorial comments from associate director of
Center Plains Center for BioAssessment, Debbie Baker, greatly enhance the quality of
this report. This project is funded from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
through award number X-99797001-0 to the Kansas Biological Survey.
PREFACE
Water quality is a major concern, especially in the agricultural states of the
Midwest United States. Several common water quality problems have been noted in
lakes and reservoirs of the Central Plains. There have been reports of elevated plant
nutrient levels, with concurrent elevations in plant biomass (Smith, 1998). Suspended
solids and siltation have increased, and increases in these factors reduce light penetration,
aesthetics, lake depth and volume, leading to alteration of aquatic habitats (deNoyelles et
al., 1999). Water quality assessments have shown elevated levels of pesticides and other
toxic chemicals (Scribner et al., 1996). Further, local and state regulatory agencies have
fielded complaints regarding objectionable taste and odor conditions (e.g., KDHE, 1999).
All these problems contribute to or are symptomatic of water quality degradation.
However, excess nutrients and siltation, both of which result from intensive agricultural
activities, are the water quality factors that contribute most to eutrophication (Carpenter
et al., 1998). Eutrophication is itself a serious and widespread problem in the Midwest.
According to the National Water Quality Report to Congress, 50% of assessed U.S. lakes
and a higher percentage of reservoirs in the agriculturally dominated Midwest were
considered eutrophic (USEPA, 2000).
A vital key to the development of a lake/reservoir management strategy is to
identify nutrient loading that describes associated eutrophic conditions in lakes and
reservoirs. Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AnnAGNPS 2.22) is a batchprocess, continuous-simulation, watershed-scale model designed for agriculturally
dominated watersheds, which was developed jointly by U.S. Department of Agriculture's
Agricultural Research Service and Natural Resources Conservation services (Bosch et al.,
1998; Cronshey and Theurer, 1998; Geter and Theurer, 1998; Theurer and Cronshey,
1998; Johnson et al., 2000).
AnnAGNPS requires more than 400 parameters in 34 data categories, including
land use, topography, hydrology, soils, feedlot operation, field management, and climate.
AnnAGNPS uses up-to-date technologies that expand the original modeling capabilities
of AGNPS. For example, soil loss from each field is predicted based on the Revised
Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) (Renard et al, 1997) and the sediment yield
leaving each field is based on the Hydrogeomorphic Universal Soil Loss Equation
(HUSLE) (Theurer and Clarke, 1991).
AnnAGNPS is an effective tool for watershed assessment. However, the
complexity of modeling procedures and massive data preparation render its application
tedious and time consuming. Therefore, automation of the preparation and processing of
repetitive data is required. ArcView Spatial AnnAGNPS interface is a user-friendly tool
developed to assist decision-makers to conduct easier, effective watershed assessments.
The Spatial AnnAGNPS interface not only assists users to extract the required soil data
from the National Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) but also helps users
organize input files, run the model, and visualize modeling results.
USERS MANUAL
CHAPTER 1
1. TOPAGNPS/WATERSHED DELINEATION
The initial step of AnnAGNPS-ArcView interface (i.e., watershed delineation)
is to help users identify and quantify topographic features and/or land-surface
processes based on values of hydrology, drainage characteristics, and elevation, and
later, it assist users in determining the most dominant soil and field (or land use)
characteristics within the modeled area. This watershed delineation procedure is
important because numerous input parameters required by AnnAGNPS are derived
from these values. A unique cell number (subwatershed identification) is assigned to
each individual cell or subwatershed. This cell number serves as a referencing
number for the receiving cell/subwatershed attribute and is used later as a common
key to relate model output attributes, such sediment yield and nutrient export, back to
the cell of origin.
1.1. Loading ArcView Extensions
Initiate ArcView GIS program (version 3.3). Click on File in the menu bar to
get the pull-down file menu, and then click on Extensions. Load Spatial Analyst first
and then Spatial AnnAGNPS (Figure 1-1).
Figure 1-1.
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CHAPTER 1
Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-3.
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Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-5.
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CHAPTER 1
Click on OK, and the Outlets, fillDem, FlowDir (flow direction), FlowAcc
(flow accumulation), StreamGrd (stream grid), LinkGrd (link grid), and
WatshdGrd (watershed grid) themes will be added into the View. Make Outlets and
StreamGrd themes visible by click the check box. This will generate Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-6.
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Figure 1-7.
CHAPTER 1
Then, accept the default name (OutWat) in the dialog box or change the
default name in the output theme. Leave the name of the input theme as it is (Figure
1-8).
Figure 1-8.
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Figure 1-9.
CHAPTER 1
Figure 1-10.
Re-clipped DEM.
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Figure 1-11.
Another way to assign row and column numbers is to directly enter the
coordinates from the function Enter Row and Column (Figure 1-12).
Figure 1-12.
1-7
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CHAPTER 1
Figure 1-13.
Six input files will then be generated in this directory (Figure 1-14).
Figure 1-14.
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Figure 1-15.
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Figure 1-16.
Figure 1-17.
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Figure 1-18.
1-11
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CHAPTER 2
Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-2.
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CHAPTER 2
Make the button Determine the dominant soil (or field) ID in each cell active
in the Import_Reference_Data dialog box (Figure 2-3).
Figure 2-3.
Select Row Theme as subwat, Row Field as Value, Column Theme as soil.shp,
and Column Field as Muid (Figure 2-4).
Figure 2-4.
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CHAPTER 2
Then, export and save soil ID as a delimited text file for later use (Figure 2-5).
Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-6.
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CHAPTER 2
Click on the button Determine the dominant soil (or land use/field) ID in each
cell to generate dominant land use (or field) groups. Then, Select coverage and items
(Figure 2-7).
Figure 2-7.
Export and save land use (or field) ID for later use (Figure 2-8).
Figure 2-8.
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CHAPTER 2
Figure 2-9.
Start the AnnAGNPS Input Editor from the AnnAGNPS dialog (or initiate
Input Editor directly from 0_Batch_files of the program folders) and select New
AnnAGNPS File under the option File in the Input Editor. Enter basic information
such as input/output unit codes (0), CONCEPT output unit code (0), and watershed
name, and click the button Accept. Import the Flownet Generator Reach File
(AnnAGNPS_Reach.dat) and Flownet Generator Cell File (AnnAGNPS_Cell.dat)
under the option Import. Both files can be imported from the folder of (2_AgFlow
DataSets). Users can evaluate these imported data in the Input Editors menu Data
(A-N) and Data (O-Z)
Import the generated land use (or filed) and soil IDs through Field IDs from
ArcView and Soil IDs from ArcView. Prior to importing these IDs data, open these
text files created previously and remove the headers id and Maximum. And then
import them to the AnnAGNPS input file. For importing field IDs, the land use IDs
need to be converted to the field IDs (Figure 2-10). The field IDs can be obtained
from an Access database created by the Natural Resource Conservation Service
(NRCS, Lyle Frees, per. comm.), which is discussed in the following chapter.
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Figure 2-10.
CHAPTER 2
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CHAPTER 2
For importing soil IDs, the pre-text Muid_ needs to be removed prior to the data
importation (Figure 2-11).
Figure 2-11.
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CHAPTER 3
3. SOIL DATA PREPARATION
Figure 3-1.
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CHAPTER 3
In the SSURGO dialog, navigate to the directory that contains the SSURGO
text files by clicking on the left Directory list box (Figure 3-2). A list of the text files
of the current folder is displayed on the right Files list directory box. Choose an
appropriate option button indicating the soil parameter (English or Metric) unit of
users choice, and then Click OK to finish the selection.
Figure 3-2.
A dialog box will appear and prompt you to enter a unique value (not more
than 3 character string) to specially identify each soil map unit symbol. This ID value
can be a soil survey area ID number, county name abbreviation or others. Enter a
value and click OK (Figure 3-3).
Figure 3-3.
Identification of a county.
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CHAPTER 3
Six tables will be generated and saved in the directory you previously
navigated (Figure 3-4). They will be added to the current ArcView project in
Tables view.
Figure 3-4.
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CHAPTER 3
Click the button Create soil table to AnnAGNPS input file in the
Import_Reference_Data dialog. Select the complete AnnAGNPS (Ann_unit_id)
table generated previously in the list box of the dialog, and then select the
AnnAGNPS input file, where users want the results to be placed, in the folder of
6_Editor_DataSets. Click OK to execute the task.
Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-6.
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CHAPTER 3
Figure 3-8.
3-5
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CHAPTER 4
Figure 4-1.
USERS MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4-2.
Click on the button Export field table to AnnAGNPS input file of the
Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the field-table data to the model input file
(Figure 4-3).
Figure 4-3.
USERS MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4-4.
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Figure 4-5.
Click on the button Export operation (with field management) table to a text
file of the Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the management and operation
data to a text file (e.g., oper1.txt) for a later use in organizing the AnnAGNPS input
file (Figure 4-6).
Figure 4-6.
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Figure 4-7.
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Figure 4-8.
Click on the button Export operation reference table to AnnAGNPS input file
of the Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the reference data to the model input
file (Figure 4-9).
Figure 4-9.
USERS MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4-10.
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Figure 4-11.
Click on the button Export land use table to AnnAGNPS input file of the
Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the land use reference data to the model
input file (Figure 4-12).
Figure 4-12.
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Figure 4-13.
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Figure 4-14.
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Click on the button Export crop tables to AnnAGNPS input file of the
Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the crop reference data [crop_dat.dbf
(click on the OK button) and then export crop_gro.dbf] to the AnnAGNPS input file
(click on the OK button and select the model input file) (Figure 4-15).
4-11
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Figure 4-15.
CHAPTER 4
4-12
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Figure 4-16.
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4-17.
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CHAPTER 4
Click on the button Export curve number table to AnnAGNPS input file of the
Import_Reference_Data dialog to export the runoff curve data to the model input
file (Figure 4-18).
Figure 4-18.
Model Version
Cell data
Field data
Operation data
Reach data
Crop data
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CHAPTER 4
Soil data
End data
4-15
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CHAPTER 5
5. OUTPUT DISPLAY
Figure 5-1.
Click the button Select the event output file. From the file selection dialog
box, browse to the directory (8_Output_DataSets) that contains the AnnAGNPS
event output table. Select the file named ev_output_table.out and click OK. A
selection dialog box that contains a list of available output parameters will appear.
Then select the desired parameter and click OK. A selection dialog box that contains
a list of available reach IDs will appear to allow users to evaluate the result of the
target parameter (water and nutrient outputs) (Figure 5-2).
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CHAPTER 5
Figure 5-3.
A user has an option of selecting different types of graphs such as line, scatter,
trend and others (Figure 5-4). Enter the title of your graph and the X- and Y-axis
labels in the appropriate boxes. Then select the desired parameters to graph from the
drop down boxes. A user can also put a multiplication factor inside the factor text
box to multiply the simulated result of the selected parameter. This factor box is
located adjacent to the Y dropdown box.
5-2
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Figure 5-4.
CHAPTER 5
Click the Calculate Graph Properties button to define a page size of the
parameter for the graph. Then click the Graph button. A graph of the simulated
result will be generated for that parameter (Figure 5-5).
Figure 5-5.
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CHAPTER 5
the sub-watershed (cell) theme (Subwat) (Figure 5-7). A joint graph will be
generated after the user finishes the selection (Figure 5-8).
Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-7.
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Figure 5-8.
CHAPTER 5
5-5
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Figure 5-10.
After the selection, click the button Export soil and land use IDs to
AnnAGNPS input file. A file manager for selecting the AnnAGNPS input file to
which the IDs are to be exported will appear. Select the AnnAGNPS input file from
the box after browsing to the proper directory (6_Editor_DataSets). The new
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CHAPTER 5
selected IDs will replace the original IDs in the input file after clicking on the OK
button. A user then re-runs AnnAGNPS for a hypothetical watershed condition.
5-7
REFERENCES
Bosch, D.D., R.L. Bingner, F.G. Theurer, G. Felton, and I. Chaubey, 1998. Evaluation of
the AnnAGNPS water quality model. ASAE Paper No. 982195, St Joseph,
Michigan, 12 pp.
Carpenter, S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, and V.H.
Smith. 1998. Non-point pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and
nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8: 559-568.
Cronshey, R.G. and F.G. Theurer, 1998. AnnAGNPS-Non Point Pollutant Loading
Model. In: Proceedings of the First Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling
Conference. 19-23 April 1998, Las Vegas, NV.
deNoyelles, F., S.H. Wang, J.O. Meyer, D.G. Huggins, J.T. Lennon, W.S. Kolln, and S.J.
Randtke. 1999. Water quality issues in reservoirs: some considerations from a
study of a large reservoir in Kansas. 49th Annual Conference of Environmental
Engineering. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Division
of Continuing Education, The University of Kansas. Lawrence, KS. 83-119.
Geter, F. and F. G. Theurer, 1998. AnnAGNPS-RUSLE sheet and rill erosion. In:
Proceedings of the First Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference.
19-23 April 1998, Las Vegas, NV.
Johnson, G.L., C.Daly, G.H. Taylor and C.L. Hanson, 2000. Spatial variability and
interpolation of stochastic weather simulation model parameters. J. Appl.
Meteor., 39, 778-796.
Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). 1999. Lake and reservoir
monitoring program report. Division of Environment, Bureau of Environmental
Field Services, KDHE. 60 pp.
Renard, K.G., G.R. Foster, G.A. Weesies, D.K. McCool, and D.C. Yoder, 1997.
Predicting soil erosion by water: A Guide to conservation planning with the
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Agriculture Handbook No 703.
Smith, V.H. 1998. Cultural eutrophication of inland, estuarine, and coastal waters. In
Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science. M.L. Pace and P.M.
Goffman, editors. Springer-Verlag, New York. 7-49.
Scribner, E.A., D.A. Goolsby, E.E. Thurman, M.T. Meyer and W.A. Battaglin. 1996.
Concentrations of selected herbicides, herbicide metabolites and nutrients in
outflow from selected Midwestern reservoirs, April 1992 through September
1993. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-393. 128 pp.
Theurer, F. G. and C.D. Clarke, 1991. Wash load component for sediment yield
modeling. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Federal Interagency Sedimentation
Conference. 18-21 March 1991, Las Vegas, Nevada. p 7-1 to 7-8.
Theurer, F. G. and R. G. Cronshey, 1998. AnnAGNPS-reach routing processes. In:
Proceedings of the First Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference.
19-23 April 1998, Las Vegas, NV.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. National Water Quality Inventory: 1998
Report to Congress. EPA841-R-00-001. Office of Water. Washington, D.C.