Developed By

Curriculum and Program Development

International Program Faculty of Economics
Universitas Islam Indonesia

APA Referencing Guide for IPFE UII was developed for the International Program Faculty of Economics,
Universitas Islam Indonesia by Michael Adam Costa, Nihlah Ilhami and Cithra Orisinilandari of the
Curriculum and Program Development.
Permission is granted for copying and use by other institutions, with appropriate acknowledgement.
Available in electronic form from http://www.international.fecon.uii.ac.id/
Further enquiries regarding permission and availability:
Curriculum and Program Development
International Program Faculty of Economics
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Phone/Fax: +62 274 881721
E-mail: interpro@fe.uii.ac.id
http://www.international.fecon.uii.ac.id/

Contents
Introduction

APA Citation Basis

APA Reference Basis

Example format for writing references

Example of referencing

Appendix A: Example of assignment attachment sheet

27

Appendix B: Example of standard cover for essay/writing assignment

29

Introduction
The international Program FE UII expects all students and staff to act with honesty and
integrity in all matters. That means being truthful and recognizing the intellectual ownership
of other people's words, ideas, research findings and information. To not do so, is academically
dishonest and may incur a range of penalties. The referencing style used by the International
Program is standardized to comply with the American Psychological Association (APA)
referencing system, and is adapted from three APA referencing sources; Edith Cowan
University, Curtin University of Technology, and The Owl at Purdue, Purdue University. It is
expected that with the aid of these referencing guidelines, students will be able to standardize
their referencing for assignments and avoid academic misconduct.

Academic misconduct includes the following:

A. Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the using of another person's ideas or expressions without appropriate
acknowledgment and presenting these ideas or forms of expression as your own. It
includes not only written works such as books or journals, but data or images that may be
presented in tables, diagrams, designs, plans, photographs, film, music, formulae, web
sites, and computer programs. Plagiarism includes the use of the work of lecturers or
other students as your own without acknowledgment. Self-plagiarism is the reuse of your
work without indicating that you have reused it. Plagiarism involves:
1.

Copying another student's work;

2.

Copying another person's work/image from a book or journal;

3.

Copying another person's work/image from a web site;

4.

Paraphrasing other person's idea but most of the words and structure do not
change; and

5.

Using a person's specific term without referencing it.

B. Collusion
Collusion involves working with others with the intention of deceiving examiners
about who actually completed the work. For example, if a student employs someone
else to do their work for them, that would constitute collusion. Or if one student
willingly allows another student to copy their work for an individual assessment task,
that would constitute collusion. In that case both students may have committed an
academic offense. Collusion is not the same as collaboration. Collaboration is
working together on a task; collusion is doing so in an authorized manner. What is
authorized varies from task-to-task. For example, collaboration is allowed or
expected on many assignments, but for other tasks such as exams and some in-class or
online tests no collaboration is allowed. If you have any doubt what constitutes
authorized and unauthorized collaboration on a particular task you should consult IP
management.
C. Cheating in examinations;
D. Misappropriating the research of others; and/or
E. Misrepresenting research findings.

Assignment Attachment Sheet (Plagiarism/Collusion Declaration):

For each and every assignment submitted, IP students must attach an official assignment
attachment sheet which includes the signing of a Plagiarism/Collusion Declaration.
Assignments without this official attachment will not be accepted and result in a zero mark for
the assessment task. Assignment Attachment Sheets are available from IP management.
( See appendix A page 27-28).

Penalties for Academic Misconduct:

You must exercise considerable care in your writing to ensure that you do not use another
person's ideas or words in a way that would suggest that they are your own. Whether
unintentional or deliberate, any form of academic misconduct is unacceptable and can lead to
the following consequences:
1. A firm warning and cautioning of the student allowing the resubmission of an
assessment task
2. Allocated a zero mark for the assessment task
3. Allocated a zero mark for the subject and fined Rp.500.000
4. Fined Rp.1.000.000 (Maximum 3 offences)
5. Fined Rp.1.000.000 and suspended from the course for one semester
6. Fined Rp.1.000.000 and expelled from the course.
(Note: All academic misconduct cases will be assessed by the IP Plagiarism Board, consisting of members
from IP management and academic teaching staff).

How to avoid plagiarism?

One way to avoid plagiarism is to always reference any ideas/information you have taken from
the other source. Referencing is a standardized method of acknowledging sources of
information and ideas that you have used in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies
their source (APA Referencing 2008, p.1). Plagiarism is avoided by appropriately
acknowledging sources of your ideas or expressions. Based on the APA system this entails:
1. Providing an in-text citation/references using the APA referencing system at the place
where any idea or expression from another source is used, whether directly quoted or
paraphrased; and
2. Clearly indicating where material is directly quoted (a direct quote occurs if 5 or more
words from another source are used exactly as they are used in the original) by using
quotation marks for short quotes or indenting for longer quotes; and
3. Providing a full reference to the source in a list of references at the end of the work,
again using the APA referencing system.

APA Citation Basics

APA style requires authors to use the past tense or past perfect tense when using signals phrases
to describe earlier research. E.g., Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found
Basic rules: Capitalization, Quotes, and Italics/Underlining
n
Use

the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references
within the text of an assignment, for example, (Smith, 2008).

n
Where

authors of different references have the same family name, include the author's
initials in the in-text citation i.e. (Hamilton, C. L., 1994) or C. L. Hamilton (1994).

n
If two

or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the
same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon e.g. (Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are
presented alphabetically by author.

n
When

directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and
double quotation marks placed around the quote.

n
When

paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy

text, include the relevant page number, as it is useful to provide a page number for the
reader.

n
Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
n
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters

long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to
short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media,
There Is Nothing Left to Lose.
(Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new
media.)
capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: NaturalBorn Cyborgs.

n
When

n
Capitalize

the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of
Hitchcock's Vertigo."

n
Italicize

or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies,
television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American Mind; The
Wizard of Oz; Friends.

n
Put quotation marks around the titles of

shorter works such as journal articles, articles

from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles: "Multimedia
Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds"; "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Types of in-text references include direct quotes, paraphrases, summaries,

and syntheses:
Quotations
All material quoted from another author's work or from one's own previously published work
should be reproduced word for word.
Short quotations (fewer than 40 words) must be incorporated into the text and enclosed with
double quotation marks. Use single quote marks to show words/phrases that were presented
within quote marks in the original and place the author's name and surname/s, the year of
publication and the page number that you found the quotation on in a bracket. The elements
in the bracket are separated by commas.

Example 1:
Psychologists have long observed that the physical act of writing gives birth and
shape to thought and is the process by which you truly know what you think
(Putnis & Petelin, 1999, p. 300).
Example 2:
Putnis and Petelin asserted that Psychologists have long observed that the
physical act of writing gives birth and shape to thought and is the process by
which you truly know what you think (1999, p. 300).

Example 3:
Butler (2000) found the most significant difference is age and place of origin (p.
27).
Note. The full stop is placed after the brackets of the citation.
Example 4:
Learning the rules of grammar improves significantly with peer and self
correction methods (Peck & Coyle, 1999, p.25).

Longer Quotations (40 words or more in length) must be displayed in block format without the
use of quote marks. The quote should start on a new line and be indented about 1.3 cm or 5
spaces from the left margin. If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the
first line of each additional paragraph a further 1.3 cm or 5 spaces. The entire quotation (in the
block format) should be similar to the rest of your document. Do not change the font size or use
italics. Use double quotation marks to show words/phrases that were presented within
quotation marks in the original.
When citing quotations, supply the author's surname, year and page number. In the case of
electronic sources, supply the paragraph number/section heading instead of the page number.

Example:
This is outlined in the following statement by Beukes and Pollit (2001):
A sentence is a grammatically complete unit, a group of words that makes
sense. These are simple sentences, and the technical term for them is also
'simple' sentences. They consist of a subject, a verb, and an object. Usually the
subject comes first in the sentence: it is what the sentence is about. Traditional
grammars speak of the subject as the doer of the action. This can be a very
useful way of remembering what a subject is. (p. 96)
(Note: the full-stop is placed before the brackets in block quotations.)

When omitting material from a quotation use an ellipsis () within a sentence to indicate that
some material has been omitted from the original text. To show that you are omitting material
between sentences, use a full-stop at the end of a sentence followed by an ellipsis at the
beginning or end of a quotation to show that the quotation begins mid sentence. This will
prevent misinterpretation.

Example:
The APA system well established in natural sciences and increasingly
adopted in social science writing by way initially of anthropology, sociology
and psychology has certain advantages. By using an abbreviated form of
citation in the text it obviates most of the labor and unsightliness of giving
complete citations in individual footnotes. As it does not require citations to
be numbered it enables references to be added or removed in the course of
drafting with the minimum of inconvenience. It automatically provides every
article or chapter or book with formal list of sources referred to in the text.
(Parker, 1978, p. 9)

Summarizing or Paraphrasing
When paraphrasing (and/or summarizing) an idea contained in another work, you are not
required to provide a location reference (e.g. a page number, or in the case of electronic
sources, a paragraph number of section heading). You must, however, provide the author's
surname and year of publication.

APA Reference Basic

Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information
necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each
source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the
reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page
References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. It
should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

Basic Rules
n
All lines

after the first of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half
inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.

n
Author's

names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all
authors of a particular work unless the work has more than six authors. If the work has
more than six authors, list the first six authors and then use et al. after the sixth author's
name to indicate the rest of the authors.

n
Reference

list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of
each work.

n
If you

have more than one article by the same author, single-author references or
multiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are
listed in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.

n
When

referring to any work that is not a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page,
capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title, the first word after a colon or a
dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word
in a hyphenated compound word.

n
Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
n
Italicize titles of
n
Do not

longer works such as books and journals.

italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as
journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Example format for writing references:

REFERENCES
Aisbett, N. (1995, January 7). Secret war still baffles veteran. The West Australian, pp. 1415.
Aker, D. A., Day, G, S, & Kumar, V. (2001). Marketing research. New York: John Wiley
and Sons, Inc.
Jennings, P. (1995, January 14). The national front. The West Australian [The West
Magazine], 8-12.
Kastenbaum, R. (Ed.). (1993). Encyclopedia of adult development. Phoenix: Oryx Press.
Lock, G. (1993). The prevalence and sources of perceived occupational stress among teachers in
Western Australian Government metropolitan primary schools. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia.
Napier, A. (1993a). Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Napier, A. (1993b). Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Pettinger, R. (2002). Global organizations. Oxford: Capstone Publishing. Retrieved September
28, 2004, from NetLibrary database.
Robinson, D. N. (1992). Social discourse and moral judgment (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA:
Academic Press.
Technical specifications (iPhone). [n.d.] Retrieved November, 2007, from Apple:
http://www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of
resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic
Research, 5, 117-123.

Books, brochures and

book chapters
Single author

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Zikmund (2003) stated that

OR
The outputs of multiple Correlation Analysis is
(Zikmund, 2003)

Zikmund, G. (2003). Exploring marketing research. USA: South-Western

2 authors

Burns and Bush (2000, p.17)

OR
the research variables (Burns & Bush, 2000, p.
17)

Burns, A., & Bush, R. (2000). Marketing research. New Jersey: PrenticeHall.

3, 4, or 5 authors

Aker, Day, and Kumar (2001, p. 525) stated

Cite all authors the first time the reference
occurs.

Aker, D. A., Day, G, S, & Kumar, V. (2001). Marketing research. New

York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

OR
Aker et al. (2001, p. 525) stated
In subsequent citations, include only the surname
of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized
and with a fullstop after al) and the year.
6 or more authors

(Rodgers, et al., 1996, p. 35).

Rodgers, et al. (1996, p. 35) found that

Groups as authors
As it appears in the first in-text reference.
(e.g. corporations,
(Harvard Law Review Association, 2007)
associations, government
agencies, etc)
As it appears in subsequent in-text references.
These results (Harvard Law Review Association,
2007).

Rodgers, P., Smith, K., Williams, D., Conway, L., Robinson, W., Franks,
F., et al. (2002). The way forward for Australian libraries. Perth:
Wombat Press.

Harvard Law Review Association. (2007). The bluebook: A uniform

system of citation (17th ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Author.

Books, brochures and

book chapters

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

If organization is recognized by abbreviation, cite the

first time as follows:
... (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW],
2005)
thereafter
... (AIHW, 2005).
If abbreviation not widely known, give the name in
full every time:
... (Australian Research Council, 1996).
No author

Cite in-text the first few words of the reference list Employment the professional way: A guide to understanding the
entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double
Australian job search process for professionally qualified migrants.
quotation marks around the title of an article or
(2000). Carlton, Victoria: Australian Multicultural Foundation.
chapter, and italicize and capitalize the title of a
book, brochure, report or periodical.
Patients Voices. (2004). NSW: Social Press.
Title of an article or chapter.
these findings (Employment the Professional
Way, 2000)
Title of a book, brochure, report or periodical.
The book Patients Voices (2004)

Different authors with the

same surname

If the reference list includes publications by two King, C.P. (1999). Corporate finance. London: Blackie.
or more primary authors with the same surname,
include the first authors initials in all in-text King, J.B. (1995). Corporate finance II. Sydney: Robertson.
references, even if the year of publication differs.

Books, brochures and

book chapters

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

This helps to avoid possible confusion for the Walker, B. L, & Jamieson, S. (2000). Introductory statistics. Newburry
reader.
Park: Sage
J. B. King (1995) and C. P. King (1999) also found

Walker, K. A, & Watson, L. (1987). Statistics: an Introduction. Sydney:

Allen & Unwin.

K. A. Walker and Watson (1987) and B. L. Walker

and Jamieson (2000) stated that
Multiple works by same
author

When cited together give the author's surname

once followed by the years of each publication,
which are separated by a comma.
University research (Brown, 1982, 1988) has
indicated that

Brown, P. (1982). Corals in the Capricorn group. Rockhampton: Central

Queensland University.
Brown, P. (1988). The effects of anchor on corals. Rockhampton: Central
Queensland University.
Order chronologically (based on time order) in the reference list.

Multiple works published

in the same year by the
same author

Use a, b, etc to differentiate between works in Napier, A. (1993a). Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
same year.
Napier, A. (1993b). Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Several studies (Napier, 1993a, 1993b) pointed out
Order alphabetically by title in the reference list.
that

Author referred to by
another author

If you are quoting an author referred to by the Gibbs, G. (1981). Investment management. Queensland, Australia: John
author you are reading, you need to identify the
Wiley & Sons.
citation and where it occurs in the text in which it
is cited.
John, E. (2000). Teaching students to learn. Milton Keynes: Open
University Press.
Beaty (cited in Gibbs, 1981, p. 73) asserted
Where you have quoted an author referred to by the author whose
In discussing the different approaches students take work you actually read, the reference list will show only the name
toward their university study, William (1978) cited in and title of the work actually read.
John (2000, p. 73) claimed:

Books, brochures and

book chapters

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Students come to University with ideas of what

it will be like and with aims of various stages of
development. Through interaction with others
and experience of the University and course
they develop a study strategy, tentative at first,
which is consistent with their aims and selfidentity.
No date, classical work
or date uncertain

When a work has no publication date, cite in-text Browning, M. (n.d). Marketing strategy. Sydney: Author.
the authors name, followed by a comma and
n.d. (no date) to indicate that the source has no
date.
These strategies have been successfully used
(Browning, n.d.).
If the publication is a classical work, cite the year
of the translation you used or the year of the
version you used.
In-text citation
(Plato, trans. 1947)
(Bunyan, version 1969)
If the original date of the publication is known add
this before the translation you used.
In-text citation
(Bunyan, 1684/1969)

Citing specific parts of a

source

To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the Davies, H, & Johnson, T. (1999). American economy. New York:
page, chapter, figure, table, or equation at the
Longman.
appropriate point in the text. Always give page

Books, brochures and

book chapters

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

numbers for quotations. Note that the words Jamieson, A. (2000). Accounting principles. Melbourne: Willey.
page and chapter are abbreviated in such text
citations; do not italicize these abbreviations.
This shows (Davies & Johnson, 1999, p. 312).
A case in point (Jamieson, 2000, chap. 2).

Edited book
(Kastenbaum, 1993, p. 51).

Kastenbaum, R. (Ed.). (1993). Encyclopedia of adult development.

Phoenix: Oryx Press.
Use the abbreviation for editor/s (Ed. or Eds.) before the date.

Different Editions

(Robinson, 1992, p. 51)

Robinson, D. N. (1992). Social discourse and moral judgment (3rd ed.).

San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not
necessary for a first edition.

Editor or translator
named in addition to
author

Name the translator or editor only in the end-text Genet, J. (1966). The balcony (2nd ed.). (B. Frechtman, Trans.). London:
reference, immediately following the title. In the
Faber.
case of translated works cite the title in its
translated form, not in its original form.
(Genet, 1966, p. 61)

Chapter/ article in an
edited book with one
editor

Use the word In before the name of the editors, Kiernan, B. (1976). The novels of Patrick White. In G. Dutton (Ed.), The
use editors initials before name and indicate
literature of Australia (Rev. ed., pp. 461-484). Ringwood, New South
pages by p. or pp.
Wales: Penguin.
(Kiernan, 1976, p. 462)

Books, brochures and

book chapters
Chapter/ article in an
edited book with two or
more editors

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Book chapter/ article in

an encyclopedia

(Robinson, 1994, p. 85)

Work in a language other

than English

If available, give the English translation in square Traversa, V. P. (1981). Parola e pensiero: Introduzione alla lingua Italiana
brackets after the original title.
moderna [Word and thought: An introduction to modern Italian
language] (3rd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
(Traversa, 1981)
Only italicise the original title. Do not italicise the translated title.

Use ampersand (&) to connect the name of the Mandler, G. (1993). Thought, memory, and learning: Effects of emotional
last editor.
stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Bregnitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress:
Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed., pp. 40-55). New York: The
(Mandler, 1993, p. 41)
Free Press.
Robinson, A. (1994). The principals of genetics and heredity. In The new
encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 19, pp. 699-740). Chicago:
Encyclopedia Britannica.

Book whose titles include Distinguish the included title by double quotation Whitley, J. S. (1970). Golding: Lord of the flies. London: Edward Arnold.
the title of another work
marks.
(Whitley, 1970)
Brochure

Treat brochures as books. Indicate type of Edith Cowan University. (n.d.). The joint achievement project. [Brochure].
publication in square brackets after the title.
Perth, Western Australia: Author.
When the publisher is the same as the author,
write Author as the name of the publisher.
The word Author is used as the publisher when the author and
publisher are the same.
(Edith Cowan University, n.d.)

Image in a book

The poster The 3 dark years (Sexton, 2005, p. 184)

Sexton, M. (2005). The great crash: The short life and sudden death of
the Whitlam government. Melbourne: Scribe Publications.

Play ( treat plays as

books)

(Wedekind, 2007)

Wedekind, F. (2007). Spring awakening. (J. Franzen, Trans.). New York:

Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Books, brochures and

book chapters
Music Recording

In-Text Example

Periodicals/ Articles

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Taupin (1975) believed that

Taupin, B. (1975). Someone saved may life tonight [recorded by Elton

John]. On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy [CD]. London:
Big Pig Music Limited.
Poem (Place title of Macavity (Eliot, 1939)
Eliot, T. S. (1962). Macavity. In T.S. Eliot, Old Possums book of
poem in double quotation He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare.
practical cats (pp. 41-42). London: Faber.
marks.)
(Macavity, Eliot, 1939).
For a more accurate reference to plays and poetry the following
forms are allowed:
Examples:
The Lady of Shallot, verse 3, lines 1-3.
Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1, line 21.

Journal article with 1 to 5 (Lock & Jongeling, 1994, p. 111)

authors
OR
As mentioned by Lock and Jongeling (1994, p. 111)

Reference List Example

Lock, G., & Jongeling, S. (1994). The impact of real exchange rate on
trade balance. Issues in Economic Research, 4(2), 109-115.
The volume number is in italics, whereas the issue number is not
italicised.

Journal article with 6 or With six or more authors only cite the first author AI-Awadi, S. A., Naguib, K. K., Moussa, M. A., Farage, T. I., Teebi, A. S.,
more authors
followed by et al. in the first and subsequent in& El-Khalifa, M. Y. (1986). The causality between inflation and
text references. All authors should be cited in the
exchange rate. Economic Development, 29, 384-388.
end-text reference.
(AI-Awadi et al., 1986)
OR
As discussed by Al-Awadi et al. (1986)
Journal article with no (Global Economic Crisis, 2008)
author

Global Economic Crisis. (2008). Indonesian Economic Journal, 5, 20-21.

Periodicals/ Articles

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

(Jennings, 1995, p. 9)

Jennings, P. (1995, January 14). The national front. The West Australian
[The West Magazine], 8-12.

Magazine article

Give date of publication in addition to volume number (if available).

Newspaper article with If the article has no author, alphabetize the article In the end-text reference, use p. or pp. to refer to the source page/s.
no author
by the first significant word (omit A, The, An) in
the title and use a short title for in-text citation.
R-movies rated as abuse. (1995, January 7). The West Australian, p. 5.
(R-movies, 1995)
The inverted comma goes after the comma.
Newspaper article

(Aisbett, 1995).

Aisbett, N. (1995, January 7). Secret war still baffles veteran. The West
Australian, pp. 14-15.
The use of p. or pp. is only for newspaper articles not journals.

Articles whose titles (Brick, 1959)

include the title of
another work
(Loomis, 1960)

Brick, A. R. (1959). Wuthering Heights: Narrators, audience and

message. College English, 21, 80-86.

Articles
or
lectures (Barnes, 1999)
published independently

Barnes, A. B. (1999). Education: The way ahead. Smith Lecture 1998.

(Available from P. O. Box 124, Mount Lawley, 6050).

Press release (report)

Watersmith, C. (2000, March 1). BHP enters new era, [Press release].
Melbourne: BHP Limited.

(Watersmith, 2000)

Loomis, C. C. (1960). Structure and sympathy in Joyces The dead.

PMLA, 75, 149-151.

Put 2000, March 1 in the Year field, Press release in Report Number,
BHP Limited in Institution.

Audiovisual media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Music recording

Over the waterfall (Shocked, 1992, track 5)

General form:
Writer, A. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if
different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD,
record, cassette, etc]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different
from copyright date)
Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveler [CD]. New
York: PolyGram Music.

Video recording

(Williams & Bell, 1998)

Interviews/personal
communication

A remark quoted from a conversation, whether in Not included in reference list as they cannot be traced by the reader.
a formal interview situation or not, is
acknowledged by an explanatory note following
the quotation.
It was confirmed that an outbreak occurred in London
(S. Savieri, personal communication, April 24, 1999).
The same referencing style would apply if the
acknowledgement were of a tape, a personal
letter or a transcript of a speech or dialogue.
These references are not included in the
reference list.
In transcribing conversation or dialogue it is
customary to mark the beginning of each
speakers contribution by starting it on a new line.
Most publishers set conversation in single
quotation marks, indented. Scripts, however, do
not use quotation marks for speech.
When a speech that is quoted extends over more

Williams, S. (Producer) & Bell, A. J. W. (Director). (1998). Lost for words

[Video]. UK: Yorkshire Television.

Audiovisual media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

than one paragraph, the quotation marks are

repeated at the beginning of each paragraph, but
the final quotation marks appear only at the end
of the whole quotation each individual
paragraph is left open to indicate the continuity of
the quotation.
Where one speaker quotes another, then the
double and single quotation marks are alternated.

Example:
What did Sue tell John?
She said, Get lost.
Note. If any part contains matter not quoted, the final
period comes outside the quotation marks.
Example:
He replied, She said, Get lost.
Note. In general, periods are not duplicated, except
where they are differently distinguished.
Example:
Did he hear the Speaker call, Order!?
He said, Do you think I am mad?.
Audio-visual/ electronic Commonly these items have no named author; in such cases an abbreviated form of the title should be used in both inmaterial (no author)
text and end-text references. The end-text reference should be completed with a description of the medium.
Video recording
author)

(no (Decisions, decisions, 1976)

Decisions, decisions: How to reach them, how to make them happen

[Video]. (1976). London: Video Arts.

Film (no author)

(Early mathematical experiences, 1976)

Early mathematical experiences [Film]. (1976). State of play series, 7.

London: BBC.

Electronic Media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Citing specific parts of a Be careful when providing page numbers for texts
source
from the Internet. Some electronic texts do have
page numbers; some dont. Some texts have
paragraph numbers and some have line numbers.
What you should avoid doing is allocating page Buttler, H. (2002). Business ethics in islamic perspectives. Retrieved
October 30, 2008, from http://www.islamiceconomics.com/
numbers on the basis of how many pages your
printer prints out as this will differ from user to
user and if someone tried to follow your source,
they might face difficulty in specifically locating
the information.
If the text you are quoting from has paragraph
numbers, then use the symbol/character or the
abbreviation para. to signal the text location of
your quote.
(The Benton Foundation, 1998, 5).
Most schools (Butler, 2002, Conclusion section,
para. 1).
It was found that (Jones & Avery, 2002, Results
section).
Image on the website

The image of the wasp (Wasps, hornets, and Wasps, hornets, and yellowjackets [Image] (n.d.) Retrieved November 28,
2005, from http://www.laters.com/
yellowjackets, n. d.)

Web page

Include the author if available, the name of the Technical specifications (iPhone). [n.d.] Retrieved November, 2007, from
webpage, a retrieval date and the full URL. If the
Apple: http://www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html

Electronic Media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Web page

Include the author if available, the name of the Technical specifications (iPhone). [n.d.] Retrieved November, 2007, from
webpage, a retrieval date and the full URL. If the
Apple: http://www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html
author is not identified then start the reference
with the document title. If the web page is part of
a section in a website then identify the There is no full stop after the URL.
website/organisation and the relevant section.
Precede the URL with a colon only if you identify
the website.
(Technical specifications, n.d.)

Wiki

Similar to webpages

Bindeez. (n.d.) Retrieved November 24, 2007, from Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindeez

Periodical (An Internet VandenBos et al. (2001, p. 12) highlighted

article based on a print) OR
source.
(VandenBos et al., 2001, p. 12)

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements
in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates
[Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.

Article only in an internet (Fredrickson, 2000)

journal
OR
Fredrickson (2000) stated that

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to

optimise health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article
0001a.
Retrieved
November
20,
2000,
from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html

Non-periodical
Based on Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Helathy Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000, Task Force on
(Multipage
document Community
Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.). Who has time for a family meal?
created
by
private
You
do!
Retrieved
October
5,
2000,
from
organisation, no date.)
http://www.familymealtime.org
Chapter or sections in an Benton Foundation (1988, July 7) has proved
internet document

Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing
ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age
(Ch.
2).
Retrieved
August
18,
2001,
from
http://www.benton.org/Library/Low-Income/two.html

Electronic Media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Lecture notes available Smith (2002) stated that

online (Some lecturers OR
may require you to (Smith, 2002)
reference lecture material
that they have compiled
for your use and made
available online.)

Smith, J. (2002). PFF 1198 Lecture notes. Retrieved March 14, 2002,
from Edith Cowan University, School of Nursing and Public Health
website: http://www.ecu.edu.au/fchs/sonph/units/pff1198.html

Aggregated
database Borman, et al. (1993, p. 400) found that
(e.g., ProQuest)
OR
(Borman, et al., 1993, p. 400)

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L.
A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor
performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved
October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.

Daily newspaper article, Hilts (1999, p. 15) highlighted

electronic
version OR
available by research
(Hilts, 1999, p. 15)

Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people

flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from
http://www.nytimes.com

Computer software

Commonly these items have no named author; in Computer literacy for nurses [Computer software]. (1985). Edwardsville,
such cases an abbreviated form of the title should be
Kansas: Medi-sim.
used in both in-text and end-text references. The endtext reference should be completed with a description
of the medium.
(Computer literacy for nurses, 1985)

Email

A. B. Smith (personal communication, December 29, Office of Research and Development. (1995). ARC large grant guidelines.
2005)
Email December 2, 1995, from t.lampard@cowan.edu.au/Get
ARCLG95
(M. T. Browne, personal communication, November
15, 2004)

Electronic Media

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Message posted to an Hammond (2000)

electronic mailing list
OR
(Hammond, 2000)

Hammond, T. (2000, November 20). YAHC: Handle parameters, DOI

games, etc. Message posted to ref links electronic mailing list,
archived at http://www.doi.org/mailarchive/reflink/msg0008.html

CD-ROM

The Australian Business Index [CD]. (1993). Nedlands, Western Australia:

CD-ROM Publishing.

Electronic Book

(Pettinger, 2002, p. 45)

Pettinger, R. (2002). Global organizations. Oxford: Capstone Publishing.

Retrieved September 28, 2004, from NetLibrary database.
(put September 28, 2004 in the Date Accessed field, NetLibrary in
Name of Database.)

Conference
presentation/
proceedings

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Published in conference (Jones, Oran & Sichel, 1992)

proceedings

Jones, D. A., Oran, E. S., & Sichel, M. (1992). Numerical simulation of the
resignation of detonation by reflected shocks. Proceedings of the
Fifth Australian Supercomputing Conference (pp. 15-24). Melbourne:
RMIT University.

Unpublished
presentation

(Jongeling, 1988)

Jongeling, S. B. (1988, September). Student teachers preference for

cooperative small group teaching. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual
Research Forum of the Western Australian Institute for Educational
Research, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia.

Poster session

(Jones, 1993)
OR
According to Jones (1993)

Jones, P. (1993, September). Backyard bird watching. Poster session

presented at the annual meeting of the Naturalist Club, Perth,
Western Australia.

Conference
presentation/
proceedings

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Review (Reviews of Carmody (1982) implied that

books, films, etc. are
identified by writing
[Review of the book (or
film, or )] in square
brackets after the title of
the review article.)

Carmody, T. P. (1982). A new look at medicine from the social

perspective [Review of the book Social contexts of health, illness,
and patient care]. Contemporary Psychology, 27, 208-209.

Unpublished
manuscript

Parker, R. S. (1978). Style notes for typescripts in the social sciences.

Unpublished manuscript, Australian National University, Canberra.

paper/ (Parker, 1978)

OR
Parker (1978) claimed that

Doctoral dissertations In-Text Example

and masters theses
Abstract
Pendar (1982, p. 12) stated
OR
(Pendar, 1982, p. 12)

Reference List Example

Unpublished thesis

Lock, G. (1993). The prevalence and sources of perceived occupational

stress among teachers in Western Australian Government
metropolitan primary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia.

(Lock, 1993, p. 38)

OR
Lock (1993, p. 38)

Technical and research In-Text Example

reports
Government report
(Dawkins, 1991)
OR
Dawkins (1991) stated that
(Commonwealth Schools Commission, 1987)

Pendar, J. E. (1982). Undergraduate psychology: Factors influencing

decisions about college, curriculum and career. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 42, 4370 A-4371 A. (University Microfilms
No. 82-06, 181).

Reference List Example

Dawkins, J. (1991). Australias language: The Australian language and
literacy policy. Canberra: AGPS.
Commonwealth Schools Commission. (1987). National policy for the

Technical and research In-Text Example

reports
Government report
(Dawkins, 1991)
OR
Dawkins (1991) stated that
(Commonwealth Schools Commission, 1987)
OR
According to Commonwealth Schools Commission
(1987)

Reference List Example

University Report

Froyland, I. B., & Skeffington, M. (1993). Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islander employment strategy: A five year plan for the Police Force
of Western Australia. Perth, Western Australia: Edith Cowan
University, Centre for Police Research.

(Froyland & Skeffington, 1993)

OR
Froyland & Skeffington (1993)

Dawkins, J. (1991). Australias language: The Australian language and

literacy policy. Canberra: AGPS.
Commonwealth Schools Commission. (1987). National policy for the
education of girls in Australian schools. Canberra: AGPS.

Publication of limited In-Text Example

circulation
Leaflet (Leaflets have (Student Admission 2009/ 2010, n.d.)
only a limited circulation,
therefore indicate the
source of the publication
immediately after the
title.)

Reference List Example

Handout with no author

Discourse analysis. (n.d.). [Handout]. (Available from Edith Cowan

University, Pearson Street, Doubleview, 6018, Western Australia).

(Discourse analysis, n.d., p. 5)

Student Admission 2009/ 2010. (n.d.). [Leaflet]. (Available from

Universitas Islam Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang km. 14, Besi, Yogyakarta).

Appendix A: Example of assignment atachment sheet

Date received

Universitas Islam Indonesia

Faculty of Economics

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM

ASSIGNMENT ATTACHMENT SHEET

This form must be completed, signed and attached to each assignment you submit within the International Program, Faculty of
Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia.

Please use block letters, and enter your name as it appears on your student card

Student name

Student ID

Sigit Pamungkas

04312104

Subject name

English for Business II

Lecturer

Cithr a Or isinilandar i,
M.A.

Assignment number / title

Due date

Final Essay

June 5, 2009

Plagiarism and Collusion Declaration:

Plagiarism occurs when a student passes off as the students own work, or copies without acknowledgement
as to its authorship, the work of another person.
Collusion occurs when a student obtains the agreement of another person for a fraudulent purpose with the
intent of obtaining an advantage in submitting an assignment or other work.
I certify that the attached work is entirely my own (or, where submitted to meet the
requirements of an approved group assignment, is the work of the group), except where
material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. I also declare that it has not been
submitted for assessment in any other unit or course.
Students signature:

Date: 5TH JUNE 2009

An assignment will not be accepted for assessment if the declaration appearing above has not been signed by
the author. If the assessment task involves group work, marks will be allocated only to students in the group
who have completed and submitted a copy of this form.
It is advised to retain a copy of your work until the original has been assessed and collected by you.

This assignment has been assessed and moderated in accordance with University Policy.
Assessors Name

Signature

Date

Cithr a Or isinilandar i, MA

June 7, 2009

Assessment Breakdown
Original Thought
30%

Content
40%

Evidence/
Research
20%

Quality of
Presentation
10%

Final Mark for

this assignment

30

32

18

8.5

88.75

Comments:

It is or iginal and somewhat inspir ing, however , you need to impr ove the
wr iting style for an academic envir onment.

The Content is good and compr ehensive, but it would be better if you could
elabor ate on each suppor ting element.

The Evidences/suppor ts ar e r eliable.

You have used the APA r efer encing guide ver y well. Excellent wor k!

Appendix B: Example of standard cover for essay/writing assignment

THE IMPACTS OF PATERNALISTIC SYSTEM IN

JAVANESE CULTURE TOWARD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF WOMENS CONTRIBUTION IN INDONESIAN
ECONOMY

An Essay

Written by

SIGIT PAMUNGKAS
Student Number: 04312104

DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA
2008