Introduction to Heat Transfer

Dr.S.S.MALLICK

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Thapar University, Patiala

Copyright 2013-2014

(Assistant Professor)

At the end of this class, you will get to know:

Basics: what is heat & what is heat transfer??
Condition for heat flow?
Different types of heat flow?
Fourier law of heat conduction
Newtons law of convection
Stephen Boltzmann law
Applications: power plant, refinery, petrochemical,
automobile, electronic cooling etc
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2014

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What are we going to learn today?

Basics.

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Heat is a form of energy that flows from high

temperature to low temperature

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 Water spontaneously flows from higher elevation to

lower elevation need to have/create difference in
elevation
Electricity spontaneously flows from higher voltage
to lower voltage need to have/create difference in
voltage
Heat spontaneously flows from higher temperature
to lower temperature need to have/create
difference in temperature

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2014

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Condition for heat flow

Heat and Heat Transfer

Heat is a form of energy
Unit of heat: Joule, J (SI)
J, KJ, MJ etc
GOLDEN RULE: Heat flows
spontaneously from high to
low temperature (till the
difference exists)
Earlier: heat invisible fluid
(caloric) Joule proved
(1840-1850) heat energy
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2014

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Misc. Applications

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Heat Transfer as a subject

Heat will flow from higher to lower temp
WHAT is the rate of heat transfer??
How fast heat will travel??
Rate: divide by time
Heat Transfer as a subject (energy transfer/time)
Joule/sec (J/S)
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2014

Types of heat transfer

Depending on mechanism (3 modes):

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Conduction (solids)
Convection (liquids and gas)
Radiation (all no medium required) can
happen through vacuum sun to earth

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Conduction - vibration of molecules

Q (J) T (= T1 T2)
Q (J) A
Q (J) 1/x
Q (J) t
Combining: Q/t (J/s) A T/x
Q/t (J/s) = KA T/x (Fourier law)
K: thermal conductivity of material
Unit: (W/mK)
High K: heat conductor (metals)
Low K: heat insulators (glass wool)
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Monday, November 10,

2014

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Conduction

Bulk movement of molecules

Q (J) T (= Thot Tcold)
Q (J) A
Q (J) t
Combining:
Q/t (J/s) A T
Q/t (J/s) = hA T
(Newtons law of cooling)
h: heat transfer coefficient
Unit: (W/m2K)

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Convection

Through electromagnetic waves

Medium not required
Q (J) T4 (= T4hot T4cold)
Q (J) A
Q (J) t
Combining:
Q/t (J/s) A (T4hot T4cold)
Q/t (J/s) = A (T4hot T4cold)
(Stephan-Boltzmann law)
: Stephan-Boltzmann constant,
W/m2K4
Everything above 0 K emits energy
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Radiation

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Heat Exchangers

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Heat Exchangers (straight and U)

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Thermal Power Plant:

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boiler, cooling tower, condenser

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Oil Refinery and Petrochemical Plant

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Automobile application: radiators

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Electronic cooling

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Extended surfaces (fins):

increase surface area (A)

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what have we learnt

today??
why is it important for Mech
Engg to learn Heat Transfer??
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&