Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preface
Page
7
14
20
30
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
Miss Sargfabrik Residential Complex, Vienna, BKK-3, Franz Sumnitsch with Johnny Winter
62
66
70
76
Combinations
Falken Residential and Commercial Building, Baden, Burkard Meyer
80
84
88
92
96
KNSM-Eiland Housing Block, Amsterdam, H. Kollhoff and H. Timmermann with Christian Rapp
100
106
10
Typology+ Space
Page
Living Spaces
112
122
126
130
136
140
144
148
152
156
160
164
168
172
176
180
RiffRaff Apartment Building, Zurich, Meili, Peter Architekten with Staufer & Hasler Architekten
184
188
192
3-D
Housing Complex on Hertha-Firnberg-Strae, Vienna, Cuno Brullmann
196
200
204
208
212
216
220
224
230
236
11
Typology+ Exterior
Inhabiting NatureOn the Value of Outdoor Spaces in Multistory Apartment Buildings
Page
244
Balcony
Am Eulachpark Housing Complex, Winterthur, Burkhalter Sumi
254
258
262
266
Loggia
Housing Complex on Susenbergstrasse, Zurich, Gigon Guyer
270
274
278
282
286
Terrace
Housing Complex at Amsterdam 253, Mexico City, Taller 13 Arquitectos
290
294
298
302
308
312
316
12
Typology+ Morphology
Designing the Building Volume and the Site or the Type as Method
Page
322
Volumes
House B Housing Complex, Venice, Cino Zucchi
328
332
336
340
346
350
Layering
Mhlweg Housing Complex, Vienna, Hermann and Johannes Kaufmann
354
358
362
366
370
Opening
Mercat de Santa Caterina Housing Complex, Barcelona, Miralles Tagliabue EMBT
374
378
382
386
390
394
Index
Addresses Architects / Photographers
400
Sort Criteria
410
Editors
430
13
14
Typologie+ Einleitung
15
16
Typologie+ Einleitung
through its facade; the building becomes part of the city that it shapes
at the same time. The examples chosen for this chapter are intended
to explore in particular the possibilities that contemporary materials
and techniques offer to formulate the urban-planning context. If residential buildings can be said to form a citys body, then their facades
can be called its smiling face.
It was Rafael Moneo who recognized the formulation of new types as
a creative process and hence identified the continuous evolution in
typology: When a new type emerges when an architect is able to
describe a new set of formal relations which generates a new group
of buildings or elements then that architects contribution has
reached the level of generality and anonymity that characterizes architecture as a discipline.6
For Moneo, a type in architecture has an identifiable author, a specific architect who develops it by creating a new principle of formal relationships, as Moneo describes it, and hence strives for an
anonymity in the result that constitutes the essence of architecture.
At the same time, this anonymity makes it possible for the type to
become the basis for concrete examples by other authors. Therein
lies the central aspect of a genuine type: it possesses, despite its
identifiable inventor, such a degree of universality and anonymity
that it can be used by others by the discipline in general. The
edifice of architecture would thus be the collection of architectural
types and parts of buildings whose stock can be fundamentally expanded.
Quatremre de Quincy, the inventor of the modern concept of type,
also pointed to a developmental aspect: In every country, the orderly art of building was born from a pre-existing seed. Everything
must have an antecedent, nothing whatsoever comes from nothing,
and this cannot but apply to all human inventions. We observe also
how all inventions, in spite of subsequent changes, have conserved
their elementary principle in a manner that is always visible, and always evident to feeling and reason. This elementary principle is like
a sort of nucleus around which are assembled, and with which are
consequently coordinated, all the developments and the variations of
form to which the object was susceptible. Thus did a thousand of all
sorts reach us; and in order to understand their reasons, one of the
principal occupations of science and philosophy is to search for their
origin and primitive cause. This is what ought to be called type in
architecture as in every other area of human invention and institution.7 The French architectural theorist elegantly navigates around
the shoal of the question how a type is constituted, since the motif of
development, symbolized by the seed, is contrasted by the image of
the hard, seemingly unchanging nucleus. The seed and the nucleus
constitute Quincys pair of biological concepts that embrace the variance and constancy of the type, which reconciles its ability to transform and renew with its seemingly antithetical persistent and unchanging character. This reference to the roots of typology will have
to suffice here. In the introductions to each chapter, we take up these
connections and historical bridges again.
When we describe buildings or individual parts of buildings and their
possibilities in this book as they are found in contemporary residential architecture, we do so, on the one hand, in a conscious effort to
convey solution-oriented information that offers to all those involved
in residential architecture specific opportunities and inspiration for
solutions and, on the other hand, with the conviction that these types
have the potential to continue to generate and transform. The typologies described here do not constitute a catalog of models or building
parts. This book is not intended to be yet another building block in
the wide-ranging landscape of architectural theory; rather, it is intended to provide architects with inspiration for their work and with
basic research into new developments.
The design of buildings, of the outdoor spaces that surround them or
are woven into them, of the systems of access and circulation, and of
the spatial configurations of the apartments themselves are the typological categories according to which we have examined the architecture of multistory residential buildings; they are not exhaustive but,
we hope, they offer a useful tool for the craft of residential architecture.
Notes
Quoted in Martin Steinmann, Das Haus ist meine Welt: Zum architektonischen Denken von Michael Alder, werk, bauen und
wohnen 6 (2001): 3849, esp. 42.
2 Sabine Pollak, Maja Lorbek, and Robert Temel, Wohnen im
Typus, Architektur & Bauforum 7 (2008): 12.
3 See the thematic focus in Entwurfsmuster: Raster, Typus, Pattern,
Script, Algorithmus, Ornament, ARCH+ 189 (2008).
4 Andr Bideau, De-Typologisierung (Editorial), werk, bauen und
wohnen 3 (2000): 89, esp. 9.
5 Nicola Braghieri, Theorie und Technik in der architektonischen
Planung, in transLate (2004): 67, esp. 6.
6 Rafael Moneo, On Typology, Oppositions 13 (1978): 2245,
esp. 28.
7 Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremre de Quincy, The True, the Fictive,
and the Real: The Historical Dictionary of Architecture of Quatremre de Quincy, trans. Samir Youns (London: Andreas Papadakis,
1999), 255., quoted in part in Aldo Rossi, The Architecture of the
City, trans. Diane Ghirardo and Joan Ockman (Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press, 1982), 40.
1
17
Schema M1:1000
Ferrater_schema, M 1:1000
Wiel Arts, Tower Hoge Heren Rotterdam, M 1:200, Schema Erschliessung + Freie Flchen
18
Erschlieung Intro
Access+
19
And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top
of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and
descending on it. And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I
am the LORD God of Abraham thy father ...
Jacobs dream, Genesis 28:1213
Before the profane words access and circulation entered the vocabulary of architects, stairs, stairwells, lobbies, and galleries were
spaces that also symbolized stepping over boundaries and reaching
higher levels. It might seem presumptuous, and meaningless as well,
to call to mind the religious, spiritual, and even occult qualities of
steps and ladders. For William Blake, one of the great mystics in the
history of art, Jacobs Ladder, which connected the worldly to the
heavenly, was closed related to the anatomy of the human ear, whose
auditory canal he described as an endlessly twisting spiral ascent to
the Heaven of Heavens.1 He saw the opening of the inner ear in turn
as the precondition for making contact with higher worlds.
The stairway in its most original form: chopped out of a single
tree trunk symbolizes the connection of heaven and earth in yet
another way. Its zigzag line is found as a symbol both in primitive
cultures and in Neolithic Bandkeramik. This line is an emblem for
lightning, which connects heaven and earth in a violent discharge.
The violence it contains has always been a sign of (the anger of)
God, and it is an attribute of the supreme divinity: Zeus/Jupiter
among the Greeks and Romans and Donar/Thor among the Germanic gods. The destructive lightning is followed by redemptive/
fertile rain, with the rainbow as the sign of the renewed covenant
between God and man.
The kivas of the Hopi Indians have such steps carved from a single
tree, leading to the communal rooms for religious ceremonies. The
important art and cultural historian Aby Warburg referred to these
connections and demonstrated them with material he had collected
on his trip to Hopi reservations in the late nineteenth century. The
exceptional significance that stairwells had is also evident from the
great castles from the Gothic era by way of the Baroque to the architecture of the museums, theaters, and opera houses with which
the bourgeoisie asserted its rise. The splendid architecture of the
Chteau de Chambord is organized around its grand staircase. The
double-helix staircase is emphasized in the view from outside by
means of an imaginative lantern structure on the roof terrace. We
need only allude to magnificent Baroque stairs, like those of Wrzburg Castle. Such allusions may seem out of place in the context of
a typological depiction of forms of access in modern architecture.
But can these aspects of stairs and stairwells simply be brushed
aside? For reasons of cost savings, the paths to apartments in a
residential building are kept as short as possible, until nothing is
20
left but a functional remnant that compels users to get through this
space as quickly as possible. But hasnt the elimination of everything
that goes beyond the purely physical overcoming of a difference in
height led to us experiencing a continuous impoverishment of these
communicative spaces? Within the context of multi-story residential construction, this means that the residents outdoors i nteraction
areas are, as a rule, restricted entirely to streets, walkways, and
parking places. In the interiors of buildings, intera ction areas
among apartments are likewise generally reduced to the minimum
degree necessary, in stairwells and corridors. Floor space is typically dedicated to achieve a maximum of pure dwelling-unit floor
space. 2
Sociologists recognized this problem early on and as early as the
1960s Jane Jacobs, for example recommended spaces of access
and circulation that could serve as a place for social interaction.
The sociologizing of architecture during the decades that followed
produced an entire apparatus of theorems and criteria intended as a
way of looking exterior spaces and areas for access and circulation
in an integrated way, in the context of surroundings as well as of the
city as a whole. Scholars of (the architecture of) housing went so far
as to assign certain types of living to particular types of housing and to define not only access and circulation within an apartment building as a parameter but also how it is opened up or closed
off.3 Supposedly, such residential dwellings, with a high degree of
seclusion, naturally appeal to the introverted kind of resident. These
kinds of residents primarily consist of singles who work at home,
reserved couples without children, and retired men and women. 4
The open apartment is suited to the needs of a normal resident,
including those who are closely bound to their living area by their
dependency (for example, children), by their activities (say, housewives), or by their physical condition (such as old people). 5 Hence
senior citizens who are considering a closed type of apartment have
to be sprightly, while the elderly for whom the open type is suited
are more fragile that is, if these two quotations do not represent
a fundamental contradiction. Be that as it may, it is clear that sociology opened up a broad field for projections and attempted to
justify them scientifically. However, the dilemma goes much deeper.
The laudable effort to attribute social value to areas for access and
circulation and the planned socialization of common areas merely
scratches the surface of the problem. For we have long since internalized the idea that a stately staircase in a contemporary residential
building is a contradiction in terms. Why should a place where people are not supposed to linger be enhanced by aesthetic means? The
Enlightenment probably marks the beginning of first questioning
and then eliminating everything that does not serve a rationally defined purpose. And it is no coincidence that it was the architects and
architectural theorists of the revolutionary age who first thought
systematically about the most economical forms of access and circulation. They were presumably the first to concern themselves with
the new social conflicts conflicts that have established the rhythm
of history since the French Revolution. The structuring of contexts
becomes a crucial theme for two aspects: structures that provide
access to more than one unit per floor are considerably more costeffective. Minimizing the costs for stairwells, corridors, and elevators is one of the crucial themes for the architecture of multistory
residential buildings. This economics of privation characterized the
large-scale residential buildings of the twentieth century. The idea of
designing the access and circulation areas for this new architectural
task to be communal spaces was established in reformist social housing projects like the Familistre Godin in the nineteenth century and,
to single out one significant example, the Spangen housing complex
in Rotterdam in the twentieth.
One consequence of the push to economize was that people moved
closer together, so that communities had to be formed and entirely new parameters emerged. Although housing had always been a
problem for society no matter whether in the Paleolithic era, in
ancient Rome, or in overfilled medieval cities with their alleys and
ghettos it first became an autonomous task on which people reflected systematically and developed solutions during the Industrial
Revolution, when the goal was to house the proletarian masses.
From the outset, fear of the political volatility of the masses was a
consideration in the design of apartments for workers or for families. It is no surprise, therefore, that little interest was shown and
not just for economic reasons in generous spaces for lingering
outside of the housing units. The questions what these new communities that would necessarily emerge there might look like, by what
parameters they could be defined (class, culture, nation, and so on)
did not simply parallel modern society; they shaped it quite fundamentally. Especially after the Second World War, the reconstruction
within an economy plagued by shortages could justify the reduction
of circulation areas with new arguments, and that was reflected
in how they looked: Facing north, lit by small windows, planned
21
22
10
Fig. 6. Lus Pea Ganchegui and Juan Manuel Encio Cortzar, Vista
Alegre tower apartments, 1958. Photo: Carlos Flores and Xavier
Gell, Arquitectura de Espaa / Architecture of Spain, 19291996
(Barcelona: Fundacin Caja de Arquitectos, 1996), 270.
Fig. 7. Buchner Brndler, Loft house on Colmarerstrasse, Basel. Photo:
Ruedi Walti, Basel
Fig. 8. Susenbergstrasse housing colony, Zurich. Photo: Heinrich
Helfenstein, Zurich
Figs. 9, 10. Dettli Nussbaumer, Erlimatt housing colony, Obergeri.
Photo: Hannes Henz, Zurich
23
11
24
12
13
space. The corridor is widened to become a real hall. With five units
per floor accessed via an open colonnade, it resembles a covered piazza. Such access halls have a lot of potential, especially in an urban
context. Uwe Schrders building at the Cllenhof in Bonn plays with
this theme on a smaller scale, and no longer as drily organized but
instead featuring many distinct small parts. He joined the access
paths crosswise across an open courtyard, leading through a columned portico and then separating out the paths to the individual
apartments via a tall stairwell.
Excursus: External Galleries
The external gallery has been subject to quite antithetical assessments
in discussions of residential architecture. Despite objectively evident
disadvantages, this type has repeatedly been promoted, especially by
those seeking to reform residential architecture, as a tried-and-tested
method to solve the problems of public housing. Its disadvantages, as
described in the literature, have led to its rejection in many quarters
and for long periods. There have been phases in the history of residential architecture when it was scarcely employed at all and others
in which it seemed to have been rescued from oblivion, as it were, by
ideologically colored arguments. Our presentation of the external
gallery seeks first and foremost to make distinctions and to examine
critically both poles of this debate. The external gallery is not as bad
as some theorists of residential architecture assert, but neither is an
instrument to solve societys problems. On the contrary, if an architectural element is it forced to do the latter, the result can only be
disappointment. This section should thus be understood as a double
disappointment. Behind its focus on the external gallery stands a
search for ways to design multistory residential buildings as attractive social frameworks. Of all the corridor systems for providing access to separate units, galleries appear to offer the greatest potential
for a social dimension. All of the other systems in which many units
are accessed from a single point lack its breadth and openness and
that is all the more true of designs with just one or two units per
floor. The stairwells they necessitate often become unlit dark zones
and a source of anxiety within the housing complex. Hence this section will examine a wide variety of systems of access via a gallery not
only from aesthetic points of view but also with an eye to their effectiveness as a place of social interaction. The gallery is a very economical system but also a very old system of access and circulation,
whose use has by no means been restricted to residential architecture
but already in antiquity was employed whenever it was necessary to
14
15
circulate large numbers of people along protected paths. The Colosseum in Rome, which has served as the model for the design and
construction of large sports stadiums right up to the present, is mentioned here as one representative of a whole class of architectural
tasks. In his Trattato di architettura, Antonio Averlino better
known by his pseudonym, Filarete dreamt up types of buildings
for his ideal city, Sforzinda, such as the multistory House of Vice and
Virtue, whose arcades should probably be read as galleries. Filarete
probably had knowledge of the design of Oriental hospitals, which
had been passed on by the Knights Hospitaller in Rhodes, for example. The gallery is common as a form of access for hospitals and
poorhouses in particular. One of the finest examples of such medieval
institutions is the Htel-Dieu in Beaune, which had been founded by
the famous Chancellor Nicolas Rolin. It was built between 1443 and
1451 based on plans by Jean Rateau and consists of three wings
around an interior courtyard. The large hall in the southern wing was
used both to care for the sick and for religious services. The northern
wing (see picture) has a gallery, which on the upper floor served as a
covered corridor providing access to the single rooms of the wealthy
patients, which were located here, while the Chambres des pauvres
were in the southern wing.
Fig. 11. Bruno Taut, Hugo Hring, and Otto R. Salvisberg, Onkel
Toms Htte housing colony
Fig. 12. Francis Soler, Durkheim housing complex, Paris. Photo:
Nicolas Borel, Paris
Fig. 13. Hans Scharoun, Romeo and Julia, Stuttgart
Fig. 14. Aalvar Alto, residential complex, Hansaviertel, Berlin,
195557
Fig. 15. Uwe Schrder, Am Cllenhof apartment building, Bonn.
Photo: Peter Oszwald, Bonn
25
Interior space:
With the exception of the ground floor, each
of the apartments occupies an entire floor.
A compact, vertical access core, shifted
from the axial center of the ground plan,
houses the stairwell, the wet cells, and the
freight elevator. Because of this central access, each floor consists of a single, continuous large room, which can be partitioned
with flexible elements to suit individual requirements. Full-height windows along the
facades, both toward the street and the
courtyard, create an open, urban atmosphere with the characteristics of a loft.
Exterior space:
Balconies attached to oriel elements and
recessed into the volume, roof terrace, private gardens on the ground floor (front garden), and common area in the courtyard.
Morphology:
The volume aligns seamlessly with the row
of buildings, which is slightly recessed from
the street, and its solid walls establish a
clearly defined zone for the front garden as
well as a closed-off courtyard space. The allglass facades facing the street and the
courtyard have parapet walls of green glass
that articulates the floors horizontally. Baywindow-like projections enable residents to
step into the space above the street and
also create a volume with distant panoramalike views.
Schnitt M 1_500
herausgelste
Wohnung M 1_200
Plan
of site, 1:1,000
Cross sections
Top floor
Standard floor
Ground floor
1:500
Dachgeschoss M 1_500
Regelgeschoss M 1_500
30
Erdgeschoss M 1_500
Lageplan M 1_1000
Site:
Colmarerstrasse 64, 4055 Basel,
Switzerland
Apartments:
7 units
Key: 5 units of 160 sq m, 2 units of 60 sq m
Client:
Buchner Brndler AG Architekten BSA
Completed: 2002
Additional features:
None
31
G
Sample apartment, 1:200
Plan of site, 1:2,000
32
Interior space:
Tower buildings are inserted into the terrain
in such a way that horizontal and vertical
shifts provide optimal views out of the
apartments into the geri Valley landscape.
The individual units have, in keeping with
the slightly sloping terrain, a split-level effect between the living and sleeping areas.
After passing through the entry, a continuum develops from the living room, dining
room, and the kitchen, which features a
view of the lake, that contrasts with the
cell-like organization of the sleeping area
around a space with plank floors. The terraces run all the way around the building in
order to provide direct access to outdoor
space from each of the rooms.
Exterior space:
Balconies / terraces run continuously around
the building; in the corners, the outdoor
spaces extend into the depth of the building; private gardens on the ground floor.
Morphology:
In contrast to the massive perforated facade of exposed concrete facing the courtyards, the floor-to-ceiling windows on all
sides and glass parapet elements determine the outward appearance. The splitlevel effect of living and sleeping areas is
brought out by the horizontally articulated
facade and, on the top floor, by a slightly
sloping, asymmetrical roof.
Dettli Nussbaumer
Site:
Schneitstrasse, Obergeri, Switzerland
Apartments:
33 units of 2.5 to 8.5 rooms
Client:
Werk 2 AG
Completed in 2005
Additional features:
Common room
33
Top floor
Ground floor
Basement
Cross sections
Longitudinal section
1:500
34
35
Interior space:
This extremely deep lot is divided lengthwise into three parallel strips. The apartments are located on both sides of a kind of
open passageway, which projects freely
over the courtyard as an access deck on all
floors and forms a transition between private and public space. The units and maisonettes, most of which are small, receive
natural light from three or four sides and relate to the exterior space in different ways.
Exterior space:
Loggias, access decks with features to enhance their attractiveness as public spaces,
roof terraces.
Wohnung
Typical apartment, 1:200
Site plan, 1:2,000
20
36
10
1 0
in m
Morphology:
The open view of the street makes the
depth of the lot evident. On the street side,
two tall building volumes that recede behind the line of the facade surround an
opening into which the open access levels
have been inserted, with exterior stairs
leading from floor to floor. Full-height windows and aluminum sliding shutters stand
out against the dark clinker facade and give
it an austere order. On the courtyard side,
the structure is a free composition of standing, lying, and projecting volumes.
Philippe Gazeau
Site:
46, rue de lOurcq, 19th arrondissement,
Paris, France
Apartments:
26 units, 13 rooms of various sizes,
maisonette apartments
Client:
SA HLM Toit et joie
Completed: 1993
Additional features:
Food services on ground floor
37
Schnitt
Geschoss_B
Geschoss_A
20
10
1 0
in m
20
10
1 0
in m
20
10
1 0
in m
Cross sections
Level B
Level A
Ground floor
1:500
Erdgeschoss
38
20
10
1 0
in m
39
Interior space:
The rational and extremely economic structure of this vertical-point-access building
with four units per floor is developed along
its longitudinal axis. All of the vertical supply
lines and the main load-bearing elements
are bundled on that axis, so that the only
supporting structures required on the facades are rows of slender supports. Most
of the apartments, with the exception of
the corner units and the large apartments,
are oriented to just one side, as a result of
the structure. The living and sleeping spaces
are arranged along a corridor on the longitudinal axis. Two of the units on each floor
have an additional living space in the form of
a deep loggia exterior space that supplements the French balconies.
M 1:5000
40
Exterior space:
Loggia openings cut deep into the building
volume from both sides and provide natural
light for the stairwell; narrow balustrade
space running around the building in the
form of a French balcony; communal roof
terrace.
Morphology:
This I-shaped building volume is staggered,
rising from eight to ten floors, and visually
connects with the neighboring library to
form an ensemble. The building has windows on all sides and has deep cuts, which
divides the volume into three zones. The
slightly projecting ceilings of each floor are
designed as French balconies. The most
striking detail of this austerely structured
building is its silk-screen windows, which
are intended to serve as privacy screens for
residents.
Site:
ZAC de Tolbiac, rue Emile Durkheim, 13th
arrondissement, Paris, France
Client:
Rgie Immobilire de la Ville de Paris
Completed: 1997
Francis Soler
Apartments:
94 units
Additional features:
Nursery, stores, and food services on
ground floor
41
Regelgeschoss
20
10
1 0
in m
Standard floor
Ground floor
1:500
Erdgeschoss
42
20
10
1 0
in m
9. Obergeschoss
20
10
1 0
in m
Cross sections
Tenth floor
Ninth floor
1:500
8. Obergeschoss
20
10
1 0
in m
43
Interior space:
The apartments are divided into day and
night areas. The generous living/dining room
is except in the middle apartmentlocated at the corner of the building and faces
two sides. This maximizing of living space
contrasts with the minimizing of the floor
area of the inner rooms that serve it. Access to the apartments is via a combination
of corridors and halls. The loggia areas line
the day and night areas.
Exterior space:
Loggia, adjacent to the living room, kitchen,
and bedroom lobby floor with communal
outdoor space.
44
Wiel Arets
Lageplan M 1:5000
Morphology:
This pair of high-rises, sharing a continuous
base on the lower six floors, is situated as a
landmark on the edge of the water in the
center of Rotterdam. The massiveness of
the slightly terraced, stone volumes of the
black-stained concrete elements is countered by the glass based on the ground
floor. An alternation of single-wing windows
and bandlike openings of the panorama
windows and loggias lend rhythm to the
vertically stacked floors.
Site:
Gedempte Zalmhaven, 3011 BT Rotterdam,
Netherlands
Client:
ABP, Vesteda
Completed: 2001
Wiel Arets
Apartments:
285 units, 5 penthouses
Additional features:
Caf, swimming pool with sauna and
fitness center
Wiel Arts, Tower Hoge Heren Rotterdam, M 1:200, Schema Erschliessung + Freie Flchen
45
20
20
10
10
1 0
1 0
20
46
10
5 3 10
20
10
1 0
47
48
Interior space:
All of the units are arranged diagonally and
have both closed rooms and open living areas. Interestingly, the glazed entrance establishes a connection between the apartment and the stately stairwell, and the
adjacent placement of the open kitchen
makes it a kind of hinge between the entrance and the living room.
Exterior space:
Continuous balconies around the volume; in
front of the living rooms they project out
like bays; sun shading with metal curtain.
Morphology:
The irregular pentagonal geometry of the
building derived from the form of the lot in
order to optimize its use. In contrast to the
sculpturally shaped interior, the translucent
web of chrome-nickel steel determines the
outward appearance of the building with its
curving, baylike balconies.
Graber Pulver
Site:
Zurich, Switzerland
Apartments:
22 units of various sizes
Client:
Rondo-Bau GmbH, Kloten
Completed: 2007
Additional features:
None
49
Cross sections
Top floor
Standard floor
Ground floor
1:500
Erdgeschoss
50
20
10
1 0
in m
Regelgeschoss
20
10
1 0
in m
Obergeschoss
20
10
1 0
in m
51