7- Coronaviridae

Corona = crown (describes the appearance of the peplomers protruding from the viral surface)

General characters
100 nm in
Spherical in shape.
Enveloped viruses:
Sensitive to fat solvents (ether and chloroform).
Released from the cell by budding.
Have club-projections cover only part of the virus surface
giving crown shape.
Helical capsid.
Have +ve sense non segmented ssRNA
RNA is infectious ( act as mRNA).
Appear as one band during electrophoresis
Stained red orange by acridine orange.
Viral replication is not inhibited by DNA inhibitors.
3 end is polyadenylated and 5 end is capped.
Multiplied in cytoplasm

Genera
Genus Coronavirus:
1- Avian infectious bronchitis virus
2- Bovine coronavirus
3- equine coronavirus
4- canine coronavirus
5- Feline coronavirus

IBV
It is affects both meat-type and egg-laying birds. The virus
replicates not only in the epithelium of upper and lower
respiratory tract tissues, but also in many tissues along the
alimentary tract and elsewhere e.g. kidney, oviduct and
testes. It can be detected in both respiratory and faecal
material.

Laboratory diagnosis of IBV

I. Sampling:

Tracheal swab
Lung
Kidneys
Oviduct and ovaries
Cloacal swab and cecal tonsils ( could be used for
viral isolation after disappearance of clinical signs)

Diagnostic methods:
1. Direct detection of viral antigen in samples:
immpression smear
IF/ IP

2. Viral isolation and identification:

Samples inoculated into allantoic sac of embryonated eggs

Stunting growth and tightly

curling of the embryos into balls
(A minimum of 3 passages
should be done before viral
isolation is considered negative).
Virus identification:
1. Neutralization test.
2. Haemagglutination test of chicken RBCs after treatment of
the allantoic fluid by trypsin.
3. Haemagglutination inhibition test.
4. Viral replication is not inhibited by DNA inhibitors.

3. Indirect diagnosis by detection of viral

antibodies by NT and HI test.
4. Detection of viral nucleic acid by RT-PCR

Differentiation diagnosis of viruses causing respiratory symptoms

Lesions
of CAM

Chicken
embryo

Haemagglutination
induced by the
infected allantoic
fluid

Died within 2-3

days

+ve

Stunting growth
and tightly
curling

-ve

Pock
lesions

-ve

Viruses

NDV
IBV
Infectious
laryngeotracheitis
virus

Vaccination against IBV

Live attenuated vaccine
Prepared by inoculation of the Holland strain in the allantoic sac
of embryonated eggs.

High egg passage vaccine

(H 120)
Giving at the 1st week

Low egg passage vaccine

(H 52)
giving at one month

Giving in the drinking water or spray