Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Publicacin INCAP MDE/102
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Autor:
Ing. Francisco Castaeda
Colaboradoras:
Licda. Christa de Valverde
Sra. Lorena Garca
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Este manual es una gua para la realizacin de un huerto
hidropnico escolar, familiar o comunitario.
El propsito de este manual es guiar a las personas interesadas
en cultivar verduras y vegetales en un huerto hidropnico, siguiendo
los diferentes pasos necesarios para la realizacin del mismo.
El manual contiene dibujos en cada uno de los pasos, para
facilitar a la persona la realizacin del huerto hidropnico. Tambin
cuenta con una explicacin en la parte inferior de los dibujos.
Al terminar de seguir los pasos descritos en este manual,
usted habr comenzado a crear su propio huerto hidropnico, ya
sea escolar, familiar o comunitario con el cual obtendr, en poco
tiempo, verduras sanas y frescas para su propio consumno o para
la venta.
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La palabra hidroponia significa plantar verduras y vegetales
en agua o materiales distintos a la tierra, tambin se le conoce
como la AGRICULTURA DEL FUTURO.
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Sirve para cultivar verduras y vegetales ricos en vitaminas y
minerales, de una manera limpia y sana, que nos permitan crecer
sanos y fuertes.
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Usando agua, arena, cascarilla de arroz o algunos
subproductos o desperdicios que podemos encontrar fcilmente
dentro de nuestra comunidad y usando una SOLUCIN DE
NUTRIENTES que las plantas necesitan para su crecimiento.
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Cualquier persona interesada en cultivar sus propias verduras
y vegetales de una forma limpia, sencilla y econmica, desde
nios hasta personas de edad avanzada, no importa si no sabe
nada de agricultura.
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Para realizar los cultivos hidropnicos, necesitamos: envases
de plstico, de lata, madera o hule; una regadera; sustratos;
solucin nutritiva; agua; semillas de diferentes vegetales o verduras,
y sobre todo mucho entusiasmo y dedicacin.
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Los cultivos hidropnicos no usan la tierra como medio para
crecer, por lo que se deben colocar en recipientes, para que
puedan crecer.
Se puede usar cualquier recipiente de plstico o de lata
como: palanganas, canastos, vasos, botellas, cajas de madera o
llantas. Para construir nuestros recipientes de cultivo, debemos
seguir estos pasos:
" Si el recipiente es de PLSTICO vamos a necesitar:
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REGADERA
" Para REGAR nuestras verduras, necesitamos una regadera.
Siga estos pasos para hacer una regadera casera:
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Cascarilla de arroz
Material barato
No pesa
Piedra pmez o
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Guarda la humedad
Fcil de conseguir
Arena de ro
Guarda humedad
Fcil de conseguir
* Hay que lavarla bien
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Para alimentar nuestras plantas, utilizaremos la SOLUCIN
DE NUTRIENTES, para lo cual necesitamos:
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Los cultivos hidropnicos pueden utilizar dos mtodos:
sustrato slido o raz flotante.
1.
SUSTRATO SLIDO
Se puede hacer:
a)
b)
Directo
Trasplante
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84.*3+4(0 494+%##4(3
Adems de revisar el huerto,
podemos colocar banderas
plsticas de color amarillo
intenso, untadas con aceite de
motor (no quemado). El color
amarillo atraer a la mayora de
los insectos voladores, los que se
quedarn pegados con el
aceite.
3(,4.$4,674+'(3
Los pjaros tambin pueden
causar severos daos a nuestro
huerto, especialmente cuando
usamos cascarilla de arroz en el
sustrato, ya que ellos van en
busca de granitos de arroz y se
encuentran con las semillas que
hemos plantado.
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!38'(3
Las babosas tambin pueden
causar daos a nuestros cultivos.
Como stas slo aparecen durante la noche es muy difcil
localizarlas en el da, por lo que
debemos usar cebos hechos con
sacos hmedos impregnados
con residuos de cerveza o
levadura. Estos secolocan al
atardecer en algunos lugares del
huerto, para que las babosas sean
atradas por el olor, colocndose debajo de estos sacos. Al da
siguiente se levantan los sacos y se destruyen las babosas con el pie,
echndoles sal o agua con sal.
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