1

Radial Flow

GAS

WELL-HEAD

ps

OIL
WATER

S E PA R AT O R
st
( 1 S TA G E )

WELL

q
pr

RESERVOIR
pw

SKIN

pw
Dp s

p w f = p w - Dp s
S =

pw f

Ref. No. WT/1, Version 1.1

PRESSURE PROFILE
IN THE FORMATION
BASED ON UNALTERED
PERMEABILITY k

Dp s
qm
2p k h

Pressure Transient Analysis in

Drawdown and Buildup

Casing
Tubing

Testing Valve
(operated by
annulus pressure)

Packer
(set by weight on
string)
Pressure
Transducer

rDe = 1000

p wD4

tD = 10

tD = 25

tDe = 0.3

Downhole
Memory

Surface8
Recording
10

10

12

14

ln tD

Tailpipe
1

10

10

tD

10

1
2

p wD

10

10

10

PRODUCTION
SHUT-IN
0

tD

3
4
5
0

2 x 10

4 x 10

tD

6 x 10

8 x 10

10 x 10

Wellbore Storage and Typecurve

Matching

Horner Pressure Buildup Graphs

LTR

MTR

ETR

Faults

pws

Stimulated

Constant pressure
boundary effect or
closed system
Semilog straight
line of ideal slope

qs

Well

q
m = Shut-in
4kh
0

Wellbore
Storage and Skin

t = 0

t + t
In p
t

Wellbore of Volume V
Filled with a Liquid of
Compressibility c

Well
Flowing
at Surface

t > 0

Pressure Transducer
Reservoir at

q sf

Pressure

pi
pw s = p

pw f < p

Semi-Infinite System Late

Transient Analysis

CRD

tx = Intersection Time
MTR

LT R

slope
q

Derivative
Diagnostics
2
4 kh

slope
q
4 kh

Intercept
p

t=1 L =
Transition

pwf
p = pi - pwf

Ln t

Ideal
Semilog
kt x
Straight Line

ETR

Late time
boundary
effects

ct

Wellbore
storage

CRD

Slope, m
-q/(4 kh)

MTR

LTR

Lnt

ETR

MTR

Inp'

Derivative
plateau
Lnt

LTR

Well in a Bounded Drainage Area

pe

pw f 6500

re

pw

Well 1
Shutin
SSS Depletion

m* = -60.8 psi/hr

t sss = 1 hr
4700

Time,
(hr)

24

34

Distributed Pressure Measurement

SPHERICAL
IMPERMEABLE FORMATION

PRESSURE
DISTURBANCE

CYLINDRICAL
IMPERMEABLE FORMATION
PERMEABLE
FORMATION
PERMEABLE
FORMATION

IMPERMEABLE
FORMATION
RFT

PRE-TEST
PROBE
Borehole Axis

Borehole Axis

RFT
PRE-TEST
PROBE

PRESSURE
DISTURBANCE

IMPERMEABLE FORMATION

Exploration Applications of Distributed

Pressure Measurement

Oil Zone
Capillary
Transition
Zone

pc (Sw)
g

T
V
D

pc

Oil
Gradient
Pressure Versus Depth

8700

Pc = 0

1 - Sor
Swc
Water Saturation, Sw

WROC
Bl
FWL

Sw
10
Gradient
9 Water
0.69 g/cc
8
Gradient
7

20%

B ll

B lllu
WOC
8800
B lllL

pFWL
5
Pressure, p
Transition
100%

BlV

h=0

4
3

Water

BV
B Vl

Gradient
1.15 g/cc

8900

Depth (ft)

Water and
Residual Oil
Zone

BAB - 114
Abu Dhabi

20 feet

Zone B

10 psi
3950

4000

Pressure (psi)

4050

Field Development Applications of

Distributed Pressure Measurement

Reservoir Management

x
Layer
1

x
x
x
Piper Field, North Sea
Actual production log
0.5
1
Oil
gradient
S=0
Barrier

x
TVD

Layer
1

k
0.02

(md)
0.2

x
x
9300

x
Layer
1

x
x

DATUM
Pressure

3 T
V
D
(ft)

9400

Synthetic production log

Core data

2.0