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DISTRIBUTION
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GEOTECHNICAL

SAMSUNG
Project
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INVESTIGATION REPORT

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Gas Compression Station Project

REVIEW
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Geo Grupo

W.S.SUH

J.W.JUN

S. J. CHOI

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conditioned upon the users agreement not to reproduce the document in whole or in part. Nor the material described thereon nor to use the document
for any purpose other than specifically permitted in writing by Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd.

Control Sheet
FO-7.5.3-04.1

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION


(ACS)
ALTAMIRA , TAMAULIPAS

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO.


TITLE:

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT


REFERENCE No:

PREPARED BY:

PROJECT:

1992 GMS

Eng. Samuel Musobozi Rwakijuma


Prof. Lic. No.: 43694

REVIEWED BY :

Eng. Pedro Ramrez Molina


Prof. Lic. No.: 3018470
APPROVED BY:
Eng. Gerardo Gallo Aguilar
Prof. Lic. No.: 1072743

INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)


LOCATION:

ALTAMIRA, TAMAULIPAS
RECEIVED BY:

DATE:

ENG. OSCAR MENDOZA MUOZ


CONTROL No.:

DIC-02/2013

REVISION No :

MAR.-2013
PAGES:

52
REVISION 02

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ANTECEDENTS
1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF WORK
1.3 PROJECT LOCATION
1.4 PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
1.5 IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT STATE OF TAMAULIPAS
1.5.1 LOCATION AND SIZE
1.5.2 CLIMATE
1.5.3 PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1.5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1.6 GEOLOGY
1.6.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY
1.6.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
1.6.3 LOCAL GEOLOGY
1.6.4 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

CHAPTER 2. FIELD AND LABORATORY WORK


2.1 FIELD WORK
2.1.1. STANDAR PENETRATION TESTS
2.1.2. TEST PITS
2.1.3. PLATE LOADING TEST
2.1.4. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TEST
2.2 LABORATORY TESTS
2.2.1 SOIL INDEX TESTS
2.2.2 QUALITY CONTROL STUDIES FOR SITE SUBGRADE SOILS
2.2.3 SUBSOIL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 3. STRATIGRAPHY
3.1 SPT BOREHOLE LOGS
3.2 TEST PIT LOGS
3.3 PERIODIC MEASURING OF THE GROUND WATER LEVEL
3.4 CORRECTIING SPT BLOW COUNTS N60 VALUES
CHAPTER 4. - GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS
4.1 FOUNDATION ANALYSIS
4.2 SHALLOW FOUNDATION ANALYSIS
4.3 ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENTS
4.4 SLOPE STABILITY
4.5 RESULTS OBTAINED

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CHAPTER 5. - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


REFERENCES
ANNEX A BORING AND TEST PIT LOGS
ANNEX B LABORATORY RESULTS
ANNEX C GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ANNEX D PLATE LOADING TEST
ANNEX E - PHOTOGRAPHIC RESPORTS

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List of figure
Figure 1.1.1 Location of the site under study
Figure 1.4.1 Plant architectural layout plan.
Figure 2.1.1 Location of exploration points (See plan 1992-ME-US-001)
Figure 4.1.1 Zones representing different foundation systems.
Figure 4.1.2 Foundation solution for natural gas compressors
Figure 4.2.1 Bearing capacity factors (Terzaghi)
Figure 4.5.1 Results from the slope stability analysis

List of tables
Table 2.1.1 Exploration tests with their corresponding depth and coordinates
Table 2.1.1.1- Relative consistency, N and qu correlations for cohesive soils
Table 2.1.1.2.- Relative density and N correlations for sands.
Table 2.2.1.1 - Reference standards for laboratory tests
Table 2.2.1.2 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-8)
Table 2.2.1.3 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-9)
Table 2.2.1.4 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-10)
Table 2.2.1.5 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-11)
Table 2.2.1.6 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-12)
Table 2.2.1.7 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-13)
Table 2.2.1.8 Results from laboratory index tests for all the test pits executed.
Table 2.2.2.1 Results from quality control tests of the site subgrade soils
Table 2.2.3.1 Chemical test results from test pits (TP-08, TP-09 and TSS-1)
Table 2.2.3.2 Requirements for concrete exposed to sulfate-containing solutions
Table 3.3.1Periodic measuring of ground water level
Table 3.4.1 Borehole, sampler, and rod correction factors
Table 4.1.1 Zones representing different foundation systems
Table 4.1.2 Parameter employed to design the Interconnection Station foundation system.
Table 4.1.3 Parameter employed to design the emergence generator pad.
Table 4.1.4 Parameter employed to design raw water storage tank and natural gas compressors
foundations
Table 4.5.1: Results from slope stability analysis showing a security factor of 1.99.

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1. - ANTECEDENTS
GRUPO SAMSUNG INGENIERIA MXICO S.A. DE C.V. contacted GEOGRUPO
DEL CENTRO S.A. de C.V to carry out geotechnical verification works on a site located in
Altamira; enclosed within Circuito Mar de Cara and Blvd. de los Rios (as illustrated in figure
1.1.1), in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, under INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION
STATION (ACS) project. Our company has been tasked to carry out a geotechnical verification
works at the mentioned site with the aim of providing necessary recommendations for
foundation designs for the proposed Gas Compression Station.

INTERGEN ALTAMIRA
COMPRESSION
STATTION

Figure 1.1.1 Location of the site under study


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1.2. - PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF WORK


The purpose of this subsurface exploration was to evaluate the subsurface soil conditions
in order to define the stratigraphic characteristics at the requested locations explored;
primarily with respect to general subsurface characterization. As requested, we performed
laboratory testing on samples (disturbed) taken from the site with the aim of using the resulting
information to determine the site general stratigraphy, and later determine the most appropriate
foundation system from the geotechnical point of view. In this report, general recommendations
of the site under study will be provided.
In order to accomplish the exploration objectives, we undertook the following scope of
work:

Geo Grupo identified the test positions based on the location plan provided by the client
(Samsung).
Reviewed readily available geological and subsurface information related to the project
site.
Execution of subsurface exploration program consisting of six Standard Penetration
Test borings (SPT), two Tests Pits (TP), four Top Soil Samples (TSS) and Plate Loading
Tests (PLT). The test borings were executed up to the planned termination depth of 20m
while the test pits presented varying exploration depth depending on existing soil
conditions.
Collected soil samples (disturbed) were taken to the laboratory for execution of
corresponding tests.
Evaluation of the results from field and laboratory tests to determine general subsurface
characterization.
Geotechnical Report summarizing our work on the project, providing general
descriptions of the subsurface conditions encountered plus the corresponding foundation
design systems.

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1.3.- PROJECT LOCATION


The Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS) project is located in Altamira, in the
state of Tamaulipas. The project site is surrounded by Circuito Mar de Cara and Blvd. de los
Rios as indicated in the previous figure 1.1.1. The proposed natural gas station will be
constructed adjacent to the existing Contretero Moctezuma. The site can also be found by using
the following coordinates; Latitude 222905.59N and Longitude 975419.43O.

1.4.- PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS


The proposed Natural Gas Compression Station will contain multiple compressor units
with corresponding pipelines. This plant will have an aim of boosting the pressure in the
natural gas pipeline and move the natural gas further on. After compression, the natural gas is
directed to the cooling facilities. As the natural gas is compressed, the heat that is generated
must be vented and the natural gas stream cooled before reentering the mainline system. The
heat generated by the operation of the individual compressor units is dissipated via a sealed
jacket (coolant) water system and through the circulating lubrication fluid system, the heat level
of which is lowered via an atmospheric cooler unit.
From the geotechnical aspect; the compressors will have a static and transient loading of
and their corresponding foundation system will be a combination of a mat foundation and a
concrete block, and this effect will be taken into account in the geotechnical designs in chapter
4.
In figure 1.4.1 the architectural arrangement of the Gas Compression Station is
illustrated.

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Figure 1.4.1.- Plant architectural layout plan.

1.5.- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT STATE OF TAMAULIPAS


1.5.1 LOCATION AND SIZE
Tamaulipas covers an area of 79,829 square kilometers (30,822 square miles). It lies in
the northeast corner of Mexico in the region known as the Independent North. It is bordered in
the north by the US state of Texas, on the south by the Mexican states of San Luis Potos and
Veracruz, on the east by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by the Mexican state of Nuevo
Len. Tamaulipas has forty-three municipalities. Its capital is Ciudad Victoria.
Tamaulipas has hills and plains in the northern, central, eastern, and southeastern
regions. There are large mountain ranges (sierras) in the western and southwestern regions.
These include the Sierra Madre Oriental, where the highest mountains in the state are located,
and the San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Maratines, Pamoranes, and San Jos de las Rucias sierras.

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The most important rivers are the Bravo (or Grande), Conchos, Soto la Marina,
Guayalejo, and Pnuco. All of these rivers rise in the mountains and run into the Gulf of
Mexico. There are also lagoons, which are separated from the ocean by sand banks, all along
the coast. The largest lagoon in Tamaulipas is the Laguna Madre.
1.5.2 CLIMATE
The warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico contribute to the climate, which is generally warm
and humid. The average temperatures range from 24c to 28c (76f to 82f). The highest
monthly average rainfall occurs in August and September. In Ciudad Victoria, the average
year-round temperature is 24c (75f). The average rainfall in this city is 70 centimeters (28
inches) per year.
1.5.3 PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Trees found in the state include mesquite, pine, and oak forests. Cacti, orchids, and
bromeliads are found in some areas. Large mammals found in the state include white-tailed
deer, wildcats, jaguars, and bears. Smaller mammals include hares, moles, and armadillos.
Birds found in the state include turkeys, roadrunners, cockatoos, and pelicans. Tarantulas,
chameleons, and several species of snakes and lizards are also found.
1.5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Environmental issues such as hazardous waste disposal and safe water supplies are
concerns within the state. In 2003, the state government was considering setting up a system
that would require industries to monitor their environmental pollutants. The El Cielo Biosphere
Reserve is a protected cloud forest, which is a tropical rain forest in the mountains that has
nearly constant cloud cover. Playa Tortuguera Rancho Nuevo is a wildlife reserve that has been
designated as a Wetland of International Importance by the international conservation group
known as the Ramsar Convention.
1.6.- GEOLOGY
1.6.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Gulf coastal plain
This province extends from Florida to Yucatan and is bounded on the coastal side of the
Gulf of Mexico by a number of lagoons. In the north and south of Veracruz, the coastal plain is
separated respectively by the volcanic axis and the Macizo de los Tuxtlas, and finally limited on
the western side by the Sierra Madre Occidental. The plain portion is relatively a narrow belt in
some parts.

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In different parts along the coast, the following materials of Quaternary age are found:
Dunes (sands and silty sands), beach deposits (sand and silty sand), and alluvial deposits
(sands and clays). Inland away from the coast, there are formations of Tertiary and
occasionally outcrops of Cretaceous age close to the limits with this province and Sierra Madre
Oriental.
In the north central province (area of Ciudad Victoria, Tampico and Veracruz Upstate), the
rocks that can be observed from the western border to the east of the plain of the Gulf are
composed of sediments ranging from Jurassic to Recent , and with relatively simple geological
structure compared with that of the Sierra Madre Oriental.
1.6.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The rocks are represented by limestone, shale, siltstone, sandstone and gypsum from
Jurassic Formations (Formations like La Joya, Novillo, Olvido and La Casita); limestone, marl,
shale, siltstones and dolomites of Cretaceous Formations (formations like San Felipe, El Abra,
Tamabra , Tamaulipas, Mendez, Cardenas, etc..) sandstones, shale, limestone, sands, clays and
conglomerates of the Tertiary Formations (Vicksburg, Catahoula, Sorrel Chapopote, Aragon,
Midway, Tuxpan, etc..) and conglomerates, gravels, sands and clays Quaternary caliche
(Reynosa Formations, Lissie, Goliad, Acatlapa, etc.).
Tertiary sediments in this province include conglomerates, sands, clays, shale, siltstones
and sandstones ranging in age from Eocene to Pliocene, and these are roughly oriented parallel
to the Gulf of Mexico, such that their ages are lower as they approach the coast, they also have
characteristic regional inclination in the direction towards the coast, with noticeable thickening
of the formations in the same direction.
Tectonically, the region shows little deformation (folding). The most notable ones are
occurring on the western side and they appear in the exposed Eocene sediments, whose
structural axes are shown substantially parallel to the folds of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The
faulting has a general direction NS and is of the normal type with its fallen Eastern Bloc. These
features were apparently formed in the late Eocene and early Oligocene.
1.6.3 LOCAL GEOLOGY
There is a flat topography with very gentle slope towards the Gulf of Mexico, with small
undulations defining poorly drained low-lying areas that remain flooded most of the year. Near
the coast there are also many marshes and estuaries subject to tidal variation.
Outside the study area, a materials bank can be viewed, which exposes a massive sandstone
outcrop of medium compactness to the surface with a thickness of 2.20 m.
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A 1.40 m thickness unit with lenses of 2 to 10 cm follows the less consolidated sand towards
the base of the excavation cut; a layer of 1.9 m thick formed by intercalation of massive
consolidated sandstone with medium compactness of sandstone is detected. This materials bank
has a cross-bedding stratigraphy.
1.6.4 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
The buried structures of this area have characteristic of salt domes which resemble
isolated salt columns or intrusive masses of great extension. "Due to salt dissolution or the
exploitation of the same can originate cavities, which can cause subsidence rate recorded in a
large area. The Laguna de Tabasco appears to be a good example of dissolution subsidence.
These domes are usually associated with the existence of sulfur and oil.
Three major crustal faults that cross the territory of the State of Veracruz and end into the
Gulf of Mexico just north of Coatzacoalcos, are considered major structures in the region
known as Zacamboxo and Clarion faults, which run approximately parallel to each other in the
direction West-East and the probable fault of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, which crosses the
former in the direction South-North. This fault has been associated with the epicenters which
have generated the greatest consequential earthquakes in the region.

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Chapter 2
FIELD AND LABORATORY WORK

2.1.- FIELD WORK


The locations of the exploration points were identified based on a plan provided by the
client. During the course of field works, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), Top Soil Sampling
(TSS), Test Pits, Plate Loading Tests (PLT) and Electrical resistivity tests (RES) were executed
at different depths presented in table 2.1.1, plus their corresponding location coordinates. The
locations of test points are presented in figure 2.1.1 below. During the course of field works,
only disturbed samples were obtained as the prevailing site conditions in the subsoil didnt
permit to do otherwise. As can be analyzed in the next chapter (see logs), the soil profiles show
great presence of granular soils which usually make it complicated to extract undisturbed soils.
Granular materials (type of soil encountered) tend to lose their effective stress when extracted
to be tested as intact samples. Special consideration was made to obtain samples for chemical
tests at selected depths and positions, bearing in mind the type of structures that will be
constructed according to layout plan.
Table 2.1.1 Exploration tests with their corresponding depth and coordinates.
Test
SPT-8
SPT-9
SPT 10
SPT 11
SPT 12
SPT 13
TSS-1
TSS-2
TSS-3
TSS-4
TP-8
TP-9
PLT-1
PLT-2
RES 06
RES 05
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Depth (m)
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
0.73
0.85
0.75
0.55
1.80
1.50
1.50
1.55
30
30

Coordinates
X
Y
612,549 2,487,002
612,522 2,486,958
612,563 2'486,970
612,535 2'486,860
612,265 2'486,940
612,265 2'487,007
612,280 2,486,923
612,525 2,486,975
612,575 2,486,925
612,525 2,486,875
612,279 2,486,925
612,560 2,486,904
612,560 2,486,904
612,279 2,486,925
612270
2'486,931
612525
2'486,855

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Figure 2.1.1. - Location of exploration points (See plan 1992-ME-US-001)


Note: A drawing containing the previous and current positions of SPT, RES and TP
locations is attached with code name 1992-ME-US-001-PREVIOUS.
2.1.1. STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) borings were carried out using the drill rig
described below, according to the ASTM 1586D standards. These SPT borings were performed
up to the planned termination depth of 20m.
These tests were executed with a BK-51 rig mounted on a Hino 500 truck.
Subsurface water level readings were taken in each of the borings immediately upon
completion of the drilling process. Upon completion of drilling, the boreholes were backfilled
with auger cuttings (soil). Periodic observation and maintenance of the boreholes were
performed due to potential subsidence at the ground surface, as the borehole backfill could
settle over time.

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Representative portions of the split-spoon soil samples obtained throughout the
exploration program were placed in special plastic bags and transported to our laboratory. In
the laboratory, the soil samples were evaluated by a member of our professional staff in general
accordance with techniques outlined in the visual-manual identification procedure (ASTM D
2488) and the Unified Soil Classification System. The soil descriptions and classifications
discussed in this report and shown on the attached boring logs are based on visual observation
and laboratory tests. Corresponding boring logs are provided in Annex A.
Split-spoon and bulk soil samples recovered on this project will be stored at Geogrupo
laboratory for a period of thirty days. After thirty days, the samples will be discarded unless
prior notification is provided to us in writing.
At the start of Standard Penetration Tests a drilling platform is prepared prior to the
commencement of any drilling works.
Test procedures
Standard Penetration Test (SPT), involves driving a standard thick-walled sample tube
into the ground at the bottom of a borehole by blows from a slide hammer with standard weight
and falling distance. The sampler is driven by a drop hammer weighing 64 kg falling through a
height of 76 cm. The sample tube is driven 150 mm into the ground and then the number of
blows needed for the tube to penetrate each 150 mm (6 in) up to a depth of 450 mm (18 in) is
recorded. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third 6 in. of penetration
is reported as SPT blow-count value, commonly termed as "standard penetration resistance" or
the "N-value".
The hammer weight, drop height, spoon diameter, rope diameter etc. are standard
dimensions. After the test, the sample remaining inside the split spoon is preserved in an airtight
container for inspection and description.
The N-value provides an indication of the relative density of the subsurface soil, and it is
used in empirical geotechnical correlation to estimate the approximate shear strength
properties of the soils in conjunction with other relevant tests.
The boring logs for each standard penetration test are shown in Annex A and the
execution process is shown in the photographic report in Annex E.

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Table 2.1.1.1- Relative consistency, N and qu correlations for cohesive soils
COHESIVE SOILS
Number of
blows

Consistency

qu
kg/cm2

Angle of
Internal
friction

Modulus of
elasticity
kg/cm2

<2
2-4
5-8
9 - 15
16 - 30
> 30

Very soft
soft
Medium
stiff
Very stiff
Hard

< 0.25
0.25 - 0.5
0.5 1.0
1.0 2.0
2.0 4.0
>4.0

0
0 2
2 4
4 6
6 12
> 14

3
30
45 - 90
90 -200
>200

Table 2.1.1.2.- Relative density and N correlations for sands.


COHESIONLESS SOILS
Number of
blows

Description

Relative
density

Angle of
Internal
friction

Modulus of
elasticity
kg/cm2

0-4
5 - 10
11 - 30
31 - 50
> 50

Very loose
Loose
Medium Dense
Dense
Very dense

0 15 %
16 35 %
36 65 %
66 85 %
86 100%

28
28 30
30 36
36 41
> 41

100
100 - 250
250 - 500
500 - 1000
>1000

2.1.2. TEST PITS (TP)


Test pits permit a direct inspection of the soil strata in place plus the extraction of
disturbed and undisturbed soil samples; however the later was not performed due to the existing
subsoil conditions as mentioned in section 2.1 above. Test pits are the most satisfactory method
of disclosing the soil strata conditions. The execution of test pits was carried out using an
excavator. The excavation dimensions of the test pits were approximately 1.5m width and 2.5m
length, with varying depths, as shown in the previous subsections.
Test pit logs are presented in Annex A and the field execution process is illustrated in the
photographic report (Annex E).

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2.1.3 PLATE BEARING TEST


The execution of the plate loading tests consisted in initially preparing the bottom
horizontal surface of the test pit in question. To start with the loading stage, a pre-load of 0.2 t
was applied in order to harden the reaction elements, and subsequently 1.0 t increments were
applied measuring deformation for each increment until a total load of 10.0 t. This procedure
was performed in three cycles of loading and unloading. The location of the test positions was
defined by the client, and the execution process is illustrated in the photographic report (Annex
E).
We determined stress and strain for each loading and unloading cycles applied to the soil,
thereby obtaining the stress-strain graphs shown in Annex D.
According to the results and following the analysis procedure contained in Book 06/01/01
(Carreteras y Aeropistas de la SCT), we determined the vertical reaction modulus of the tested
subgrade (k), and the results are presented in Annex D.
2.1.3 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TESTS
This exploration was executed with the aim of determining the electrical resistivity
characteristics of the subsoil, with the aim of discovering the type of material the latter is made
of, in order to determine the corresponding Ohmic resistance in 2 proposed points, through
vertical electrical soundings, marked as RES05 and RES06, employing the Wenner electrodic
arrangement, as this is suitable for the construction of the earthling system. The results
obtained are presented in Annex C.
2.2.- LABORATORY TESTS
2.2.1. SOIL INDEX TESTS
Soil index properties are used extensively to distinguish between the different kinds of soil
within a broad category. Classification tests to determine index properties provided us with
valuable information on the soil characteristics.
Samples from the exploration works were labeled, protected and taken to the laboratory
with the aim of carrying out the following tests referenced in the table below, according the
characteristics of each sample.

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Table 2.2.1.1 - Reference standards for laboratory tests
EMPLOYED STANDARDS
NMX
ASTM
NMX-C416-ONNCCE-2003 D 2488-00
NMX-C416-ONNCCE-2003 D 22216-98
NMX-C416-ONNCCE-2003 D 4318-00
NMX-C416-ONNCCE-2003 D 422-63

TEST

Visual and tactile identification of soils


Water content in earth materials
Liquid limit, plastic and index plasticity
Sieve analysis

The results obtained from the laboratory index tests are presented in the tables below in a
summarized manner and the details are presented in Annex B.
Table 2.2.1.2 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-8)
% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-8

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-4

1.80

2.40

7.5%

0.0%

72.0%

28.0%

SM

M-7

3.60

4.20

4.8%

0.0%

73.0%

27.0%

SM

M-11

6.00

6.60

18.2%

5.0%

48.0%

47.0% 21.0% 18.0%

M-13

7.20

7.80

20.1%

0.0%

67.0%

33.0%

SM

M-17

9.60

10.20 10.8%

0.0%

73.0%

27.0%

SM

M-22

12.60

13.20 11.7%

0.0%

75.0%

25.0%

SM

M-24

13.80

14.40 14.1%

M-28
M-32

16.20 16.80 13.2%


18.60 19.20 17.1%

1.0%
0.0%
0.0%

54.0%
64.0%
71.0%

45.0%
36.0%
29.0%

SM
SM

F
-

SM

3.0%

SM

Table 2.2.1.3 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-9)


% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-9

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-4

1.80

2.40

3.7%

7.0%

62.0%

31.0%

M-8

4.20

4.80

9.4%

0.0%

17.0%

83.0%

M-11

6.00

6.60

22.9%

0.0%

51.0%

49.0% 33.0% 26.0%

M-13

7.20

7.80

21.5%

0.0%

83.0%

17.0%

SM

M-14

7.80

8.40

9.7%

9.0%

71.0%

20.0%

SM

M-18

10.20

10.80

9.1%

11.0%

64.0%

25.0%

SM

M-21

12.00

12.60 10.4%

5.0%

66.0%

29.0%

SM

M-24

13.80

14.40 14.4%

M-32

18.60 19.20 16.5%

0.0%
0.0%

53.0%
68.0%

47.0%
32.0%

SM

Date:

F
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MARZO 2013

SM
SM

7.0%

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SM

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Table 2.2.1.4 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-10)
% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SAMPLE

No.

SPT-10

w
FROM

TO

LL
G

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

M-4

1.80

2.40

8.1%

6.0%

71.0%

23.0%

SM

M-7

3.60

4.20

2.9%

5.0%

68.0%

27.0%

SM

M-11

6.00

6.60

24.3%

0.0%

16.0%

84.0% 53.0% 35.0% 18.0%

MH

M-14

7.80

8.40

20.3%

0.0%

86.0%

14.0%

SM

M-17

9.60

10.20 12.1%

4.0%

67.0%

29.0%

SM

M-20

11.40

12.00

8.1%

10.0%

64.0%

26.0%

SM

M-23

13.20

13.80 13.8%

15.60 16.20 16.0%


18.00 18.60 17.0%

73.0%
79.0%
85.0%

25.0%
20.0%
14.0%

SM

M-27
M-31

2.0%
1.0%
1.0%

SM
SM

Table 2.2.1.5 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-11)


% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-11

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-3

1.20

1.80

10.9%

1.0%

79.0%

20.0%

SM

M-7

3.60

4.20

4.2%

7.0%

71.0%

22.0%

SM

M-9

4.80

5.40

12.2%

2.0%

40.0%

58.0%

ML

F
-

M-11

6.00

6.60

28.8%

0.0%

11.0%

89.0% 70.0% 41.0% 29.0%

MH

M-14

7.80

8.40

16.1%

10.0%

66.0%

24.0%

SM

M-17

9.60

10.20 14.1%

2.0%

78.0%

20.0%

SM

M-20

11.40

12.00

8.4%

15.0%

62.0%

23.0%

SM

M-23

13.20

13.80 15.5%

0.0%

64.0%

36.0%

SM

M-26

15.00

15.60 16.4%

M-30
M-34

17.40 18.00 17.2%


19.80 20.40 21.3%

0.0%
2.0%
0.0%

83.0%
84.0%
59.0%

17.0%
14.0%
41.0%

SM
SM

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Table 2.2.1.6 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-12)


% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-12

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-2

0.60

1.20

7.5%

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SC

M-5

2.40

3.00

8.4%

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SC

M-7

3.60

4.20

5.4%

0.0%

69.0%

31.0%

SM

M-11

6.00

6.60

9.3%

24.0%

43.0%

33.0%

SM

M-15

8.40

9.00

8.4%

0.0%

70.0%

30.0%

SM

M-19

10.80

11.40 11.5%

0.0%

58.0%

42.0%

SM

M-22

12.60

13.20 14.3%

0.0%

67.0%

33.0%

SM

M-25

14.40

15.00 14.6%

M-28
M-29
M-31
M-34

16.20
16.80
18.00
19.80

16.80
17.40
18.60
20.40

0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

66.0%
82.0%
38.0%
88.0%
52.0%

34.0% 25.0% 22.0%


18.0%
62.0% 24.0% 20.0%
12.0%
48.0%

F
-

23.6%
11.9%
17.1%
10.5%

SM

3.0%
4.0%

SM
ML
SP-SM
SM

Table 2.2.1.7 Results from laboratory index tests (SPT-13)


% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-13

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-4

1.80

2.40

4.7%

25.0%

57.0%

18.0%

SM

M-9

4.80

5.40

4.2%

9.0%

60.0%

31.0%

SM

M-14

7.80

8.40

6.9%

0.0%

60.0%

40.0%

SM

M-17

9.60

10.20 13.4%

0.0%

55.0%

45.0%

SM

M-20

11.40

12.00 19.2%

0.0%

29.0%

71.0% 43.0%

34%

9.0%

M-25

14.40

15.00 13.2%

15.00 15.60 22.6%


17.40 18.00 18.6%
19.80 20.40 12.2%

0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

25.0%
73.0%
85.0%
77.0%

75.0% 27.0% 24.0%


27.0%
15.0%
23.0%

3.0%

M-26
M-30
M-34

Date:

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ML
ML

SM
SM
SM

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Table 2.2.1.8 Results from laboratory index tests for all the test pits executed.
% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

TEST PIT

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

LL
G

PL

PI

USCS

No.

No.

M-1

0.20

0.30

4.8%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SC

(TP-08)

M-2

0.60

0.80

7.7%

0.0%

82.0%

18.0%

SC

M-3

1.40

1.60

10.9%

8.0%

69.0%

23.0%

SC

(T-S-S-1)

M-1

0.50

0.70

6.8%

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SM

(T-S-S-2)

M-1

0.50

0.70

9.7%

0.0%

79.0%

21.0%

SM

(T-S-S-3)

M-1

0.50

0.70

11.7%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SM

(T-S-S-4)

M-1

0.35

0.55

10.6%

0.0%

78.0%

22.0%

SM

M-1

0.50

0.70

4.0%

0.0%

63.0%

37.0%

SM

M-2

0.90

0.95

9.6%

0.0%

82.0%

18.0%

SM

M-3

1.20

1.30

9.9%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SM

(TP-09)

2.2.2. - QUALITY CONTROL STUDIES FOR SITE SUBGRADE SOILS


The disturbed samples obtained from the test pits were taken to the laboratory for quality
control tests. The aim of doing these tests on the subgrade soils is to assess the quality of the
materials and later recommend their application in the construction process. The following
principal parameters were tested; moisture content, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, maximum
dry density, and CBR. It is important to mention that according to the results obtained, the
existing subsoil is not suitable for use in the construction of bases and subbases. The material
can be used for earthworks and underlying layers as can be reviewed in Annex B. Table 2.2.2.1
below presents a summary of some of the most important parameters.
Table 2.2.2.1 Results from quality control tests of the site subgrade soils
TEST

DEPTH (m)

TSS-1
TSS-2
TSS-4
TP-08

0.50 TO 0.70
0.50 TO 0.70
0.35 TO 0.55
1.40 TO 1.60

Date:

LIQUID
LIMIT
17%
19%
19%
26%

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

PLASTIC
INDEX
-5%
5%
--

SAND
EQUIVALENT
21%
17%
15%
15%

SOAKED
CBR
10.1%
4.0%
15.0%
12.3%

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2.2.3.- SUBSOIL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS


In order to determine the subsoil concentration levels of sulfates and chlorides that could
affect the foundation concrete, soil chemical tests were performed. In addition, the pH values
were obtained in order to quantify the state of subsoil alkalinity and acidity.
None of the soil samples had a concentration value of chlorides and sulphates greater
than 0.1%. According to table 4.2.1 of ACI 318S, the tested samples present a slight or remote
danger to the foundation concrete, as far as sulphate substances are concerned.
The studies were conducted on representative samples from points that were selectively
chosen with the objective of covering the whole project site. The results obtained are presented
in tables 2.2.3.1 below:
Table 2.2.3.1 Chemical test results from test pits (TP-08, TP-09 and TSS-1)
SAMPLE CODE:

B-13-81 ( SOIL " TP-09; M-3 DEPTH 1.20-1.30 m")


B-13-82 ( SOIL " TP-08; M-3 DEPTH 1.40-1.60 m")
B-13-83 ( SOIL " TSS-1; M-1 DEPTH 0.50-0.70 m")

SAMPLING

EXECUTED BY GEOGRUPO

TEST REPORT DATE:

FEBRUARY 22, 2013

METHOD

RESULT

TEST

VALUE

EMPLOYED

OBSERVATIONS

STANDARD

UNIT

TP-09 (M-3)
pH
CHLORIDES
SULPHATES
TP-08 (M-3)
pH
CHLORIDES
SULPHATES
TSS-1 (M-1)
pH
CHLORIDES
SULPHATES

7,86
5,03
37,99
8,04
2,51
27,69
8,05
1,18
11,77

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000

mg/Kg
mg/Kg

POTENTIOMETER
VOLUMETRIC
SPECTROFOTOMETRIC

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000

mg/Kg
mg/Kg

POTENTIOMETER
VOLUMETRIC
SPECTROFOTOMETRIC

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000

mg/Kg
mg/Kg

POTENTIOMETER
VOLUMETRIC
SPECTROFOTOMETRIC

Quant. = Limit of Quantitation


N.A.**= NOT APPLICABLE
THE DECIMAL SIGN MUST BE A COMA (,) NOM-008-SCFI-2000.

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000
NOM-021-RECNAT-2000

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000
NOM-021-RECNAT-2000

NOM-021-RECNAT-2000
NOM-021-RECNAT-2000
N.D.***= UNDETECTEDO

**Standard reference NOM-021-RECNAT-2000, Specifications details for fertility, salinity and soil clasification. Studies, sampling and analysis..

The results were compared with the sulfate concentration ranges established by the
American Concrete Institute (ACI) as shown in Table 2.2.3.2 below for concrete exposed to
sulfates (Reference 8).

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Table 2.2.3.2 Requirements for concrete exposed to sulfate-containing solutions

Date:

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Chapter 3
STRATIGRAPHY

The subsurface stratigraphy was characterized based on the SPT borings and the
executed Test Pits (TP) as can be reviewed in the boring logs presented in Annex-A.
3.1. - SPT BOREHOLE LOGS
The borehole logs contain all the information obtained based on the field and laboratory
studies plus all corresponding interpretations. It is important to mention that during the course
of field works; the water table level was measured periodically in each and every borehole save
for SPT-8 where the ground water level was measured only once. In general terms, the subsoil
is composed of cohesion-less soils, as can be verified in the following stratigraphic description
of the site.
Boring log SPT-08
From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of light brown fine sand
From 0.6 to 4.8 m: Whitish brown dense sand with silt. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 48 blow counts and an average moisture content of 5%, plus
a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 72% sand and 28% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 4.8 to 9.0 m: Light brown, medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum presents
an average standard penetration resistance of 40 blow counts and an average moisture content
of 18%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 5% gravel, 48% sand and 47% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Note: Ground water table was detected at 7.70 m.
From 9.0 to 13.2 m: Light brown medium dense to dense sand with silt. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 40 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 12%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 73% sand and 27% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 13.2 to 20.4 m: Light brown, medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 40 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 64% sand and 36% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Date:

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Boring log SPT-09


From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of reddish brown fine sand.
From 0.6 to 3.6 m: Light brown, very loose to very dense, fine to medium silty sand with
little gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 39 blow
counts and an average moisture content of 6%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 7%
gravel, 62% sand and 31% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 3.6 to 4.8 m: Light brown, hard silt with sand. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 50 blow counts and an average moisture content of 7%, plus
a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 17% sand and 83% of fine material.
From 4.8 to 6.6 m: Light brown, very loose to very dense, fine to medium silty sand with
little gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 34 blow
counts and an average moisture content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0%
gravel, 51% sand and 49% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 6.6 to 12.6 m: Yellowish brown medium dense to dense sand with silt and little
gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 42 blow counts and
an average moisture content of 13%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 11% gravel, 64%
sand and 25% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Note: Ground water table was detected at 7.86 m.
From 12.6 to 14.6 m: Yellowish brown medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 43 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 13%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 53% sand and 47% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 14.6 to 18.6 m: Light brown, medium dense to dense sand with silt. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 40 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 2% gravel, 71% sand and 27% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 18.6 to 20.4 m: Light brown dense silty sand. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 47 blow counts and an average moisture content of 15%,
plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 68% sand and 32% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Boring log SPT-10
From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of reddish brown fine sand

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From 0.6 to 5.4 m: Light and reddish brown very loose to dense sand with silt and little
gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 34 blow counts and
an average moisture content of 9%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 5% gravel, 68%
sand and 27% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 5.4 to 7.2 m: Light brown hard silt with sand. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 36 blow counts and an average moisture content of 19%,
liquid and plastic limits of 53% and 35% respectively, plus a sieve test analysis composition of
0% gravel, 16% sand and 84% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to
MH.
From 7.2 to 12.0 m: Yellowish brown medium dense to very dense sand with some silt.
This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 44 blow counts and an
average moisture content of 13%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 4% gravel, 67% sand
and 29% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Note: Ground water table was detected at 7.86 m.
From 12.0 to 15.6 m: Light brown loose to medium dense, fine to course sand with silt
and little gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 24 blow
counts and an average moisture content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 2%
gravel, 73% sand and 25% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 15.6 to 20.4 m: Brown medium dense to dense fine sand with some silt. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 38 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 16%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 1% gravel, 79% sand and 20% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Boring log SPT-11
From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of dark brown fine sand
From 0.6 to 4.8 m: Light brown, very loose to dense sand with silt. This stratum presents
an average standard penetration resistance of 25 blow counts and an average moisture content
of 8%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 1% gravel, 79% sand and 20% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 4.8 to 7.2 m: Greenish gray, stiff to very stiff silt with sand. This stratum presents an
average standard penetration resistance of 24 blow counts, liquid and plastic limits of 70% and
41% respectively, and an average moisture content of 26%, plus a sieve test analysis
composition of 0% gravel, 11% sand and 89% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification
corresponding to MH.

Date:

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From 7.2 to 12.6 m: Grayish brown, medium dense to dense sand with silt. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 32 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 14%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 2% gravel, 78% sand and 20% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Note: Ground water table was detected at 7.45 m.
From 12.6 to 15.0 m: Grayish brown, medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 35blow counts and an average moisture
content of 15%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 64% sand and 36% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 15.0 to 19.2 m: Light brown, medium dense to dense sand with silt. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 40 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 2% gravel, 83% sand and 14% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 19.2 to 20.4 m: Light brown, dense silty sand. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 46 blow counts and an average moisture content of 17%,
plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 58% sand and 41% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
Boring log SPT-12
From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of dark brown fine sand with silt.
From 0.6 to 1.8 m: Dark brown, loose to medium dense sand with clay. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 11 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 7%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 84% sand and 16% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SC.
From 1.8 to 3.0 m: Reddish brown, loose to medium dense sand with clay. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 7 blow counts and an average moisture
content of 8%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 84% sand and 16% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SC.
From 3.0 to 5.4 m: Yellowish brown, dense silty sand. This stratum presents an average
standard penetration resistance of 50 blow counts and an average moisture content of 5%, plus
a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 66% sand and 34% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 5.4 to 13.4 m: Light brown, medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum presents
an average standard penetration resistance of 50 blow counts and an average moisture content
of 11%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 70% sand and 30% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
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Note: Ground water table was detected at 10.79 m.


From 13.4 to 15.6 m: Whitish brown medium dense to dense silty sand. This stratum
presents an average standard penetration resistance of 31 blow counts, liquid and plastic limits
of 25% and 22% respectively and an average moisture content of 17%, plus a sieve test analysis
composition of 0% gravel, 66% sand and 34% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification
corresponding to SM.
From 15.6 to 16.8 m: Grayish brown, dense sand with silt. This stratum presents an
average standard penetration resistance of 44 blow counts and an average moisture content of
22%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 82% sand and 18% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 16.8 to 17.4 m: Greenish gray lens of sandy silt, with a sieve test analysis
composition of 0% gravel, 38% sand and 62% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification
corresponding to ML.
From 17.4 to 19.2 m: Grayish brown, dense sand with little silt. This stratum presents an
average standard penetration resistance of 32 blow counts and an average moisture content of
19%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 88% sand and 12% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SP-SM.
From 19.2 to 20.4 m: Brown dense silty sand. This stratum presents an average standard
penetration resistance of 43 blow counts and an average moisture content of 15%, plus a sieve
test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 52% sand and 48% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S.
classification corresponding to SM.
Boring log SPT-13
From 0.0 to 0.6 m: Top layer composed of brown fine sand.
From 0.6 to 3.0 m: Reddish brown, loose to medium dense sand with gravel and silt. This
stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 22 blow counts and an average
moisture content of 10%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 25% gravel, 57% sand and
18% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 3.0 to 10.80 m: Yellowish brown, medium dense to dense silty sand with very little
gravel. This stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 43 blow counts and
an average moisture content of 9%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 60%
sand and 40% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.

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Note: Ground water table was detected at 9.40 m.


From 10.80 to 15.00 m: Greenish gray, stiff to hard silt with sand. This stratum presents
an average standard penetration resistance of 34 blow counts and an average moisture content
of 19%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 29% sand and 71% of fine
material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to ML.
From 15.00 to 20.40 m: Whitish light brown, medium dense to dense sand with silt. This
stratum presents an average standard penetration resistance of 38 blow counts and an average
moisture content of 18%, plus a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 85% sand and
15% of fine material, with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
3.2. TEST PIT LOGS
TEST PIT (TP)-8
From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 1.80 m: Reddish brown fine sand with silt. This stratum has a water content value
of 8%, with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 82% sand and 18% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
TEST PIT (TP)-9
From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 0.85 m: Brown silty sand. This stratum has a water content value of 4%, with a
sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 63% sand and 37% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
From 0. 85 to 1.50 m: Dark brown sand with silt. This stratum has a water content value of
10%, with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 80% sand and 20% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
TEST PIT (TSS)-1
From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 0.75 m: Dark brown sand with some silt. This stratum has a water content value of
7%, with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 84% sand and 16% of fine material,
with a U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.

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TEST PIT (TSS)-2


From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 0.85 m: Brown fine sand with silt. This stratum has a water content value of 10%,
with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 79% sand and 21% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
TEST PIT (TSS)-3
From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of light brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 0.85 m: Brown fine sand with silt. This stratum has a water content value of 10%,
with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 80% sand and 20% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.
TEST PIT (TSS)-4
From 0.00 to 0.10 m: Top layer composed of light brown fine sand.
From 0.10 to 0.55 m: Brown fine sand with silt. This stratum has a water content value of 11%,
with a sieve test analysis composition of 0% gravel, 78% sand and 22% of fine material, with a
U.S.C.S. classification corresponding to SM.

3.3 PERIODIC MEASURING OF THE GROUND WATER LEVEL.


With the aim of determining the variation frequencies of the ground water levels, a
periodic pattern of taking measurements was carried out (as shown in table 3.3.1 below) on
different days (save for SPT 8). An average value was obtained from the periodic readings taken
as shown below.

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Table 3.3.1Periodic measuring of ground water level


PERIODIC MEASURING OF GROUND WATER LEVELS IN THE EXECUTED BOREHOLES (DEPTH IN METERS)

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST BOREHOLES
SPT-13

JANUARY, 2013
24
25

21

22

23

26

28

29

30

9.34

9.38

9.47

9.48

9.47

9.35

9.41

9.30

9.41

17:00

09:00

09:00

10:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

10.97

10.80

10.80

10.73

10.72

10.73

10.79

09:00

10:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

7.46

7.47

7.41

7.52

7.43

7.43

16:20

09:00

08:00

10:00

08:00

09:00

7.89

7.82

7.89

7.82

08:00

10:00

08:00

09:00

7.85

7.87

08:00

09:00

AVERAGE LEVEL
(METERS)

9.40

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-12

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-11

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-10

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-9

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-8

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

10.79

7.45

7.86

7.86

7.7
7.70
09:00

SHALLOWEST LEVEL DETECTED


DEEPEST LEVEL DETECTED

3.4. - CORRECTING SPT BLOW COUNTS TO N60 VALUES


We carried out corrections on the SPT blow counts to N60 values to obtain necessary
parameters for design purposes. The effect of the impact energy was considered and the
dissipation around the penetrometer, plus the machinery or tools used in the testing process.
The equation used is shown below:
=

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0.60

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Where:
N60 = SPT N value corrected for field procedures
N = measures SPT N value
Em = Efficiency of the hammer
CB = borehole diameter correction
CS = sampler correction
CR = rod length correction
The Em, CB, CS, and CR variations were determined according to Skempton (1986).
Table 3.4.1 Borehole, sampler, and rod correction factors

Typical hummer efficiencies

Theoretical Energy = 4200ft-lbs


Donut = 0.45
Safety = 0.6

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Chapter 4
GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS
4.1.- FOUNDATION ANALYSIS
The following foundation analysis will be carried out basing on the standard penetration
test N values as it wasnt possible to extract undisturbed sample due to the granular nature of
the subsoil encountered. Bearing in mind the above mentioned, no mechanical tests were
executed. In this analysis, results from the physical tests were employed to determine the nature
and type of soils.
The appropriate foundation system for the anticipated structures is dependent on the
planned structural loads, soil conditions, and construction constraints, etc. The subsurface
exploration helps in determining the soil stratum appropriate for structural support. This
determination includes considerations with regard to both allowable bearing capacity and
compressibility of the soil strata. In addition, since the method of construction greatly affects
the soils intended for structural support, consideration must be given to the implementation of
suitable methods of site preparation, fill compaction, and other aspects of construction.
Based on the soil stratigraphy and structural information, we envision that the proposed
structures can be supported on a shallow foundation system placed on undisturbed sandy soils
or controlled compacted fill. For relatively light structures mat and/or footing foundation
would be the best option. As for the compressor structures; these will be supported by a block
resting on a mat foundation.
To simplify the design process, the plant layout plan has been divided into zones based on
the type of foundation system, anticipated structures and the existing subsoil characteristics.
Table 4.1.1 Zones representing different foundation systems
ZONE PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES
FOUNDATION SOLUTION
ZONE-1
INTERCONNECTION STATION
MAT FOUNDATION
ZONE-2A EMERGENCE GENERATOR
MAT FOUNDATION
ZONE-2B MAINTENANCE SHOP AND CONTROL ROOM PAD OR STRIP FOUNDATION
ZONE-3

RAW WATER STORAGE TANK

ZONE-4

NATURAL GAS COMPRESSORS

ZONE-5

FIN-FAN DISCHARGE COOLER

Date:

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MAT AND SQUARE FOOTING


CONCRETE BLOCK RESTING
ON A MAT FOUNDATION
PAD FOUNDATION

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The zones indicated in table in table 4.1.1 are illustrated in figure 4.1.1. Its important to
note that zone 1 has very loose to loose sands considering the first 2 to3 m.

Figure 4.1.1 Zones representing different foundation systems.

Zone 1: Interconnection Station


The Interconnection Station structures will be supported by a concrete block resting on a
mat foundation placed on a 2.0 m thick compacted fill in layers of 20cm with 95% compaction
of the maximum dry density. The fill material will be required to have a minimum internal
friction angle of 32. For relatively lighter structures, only a mat foundation laying on the
compacted subgrade may be used. The above mentioned thickness is referenced with respect to
ground surface.
Square footings will be employed as another alternative. The square footings with depth
of 1m and 2m will rest on compacted fill (with 95% compaction) with thickness of 2m and 1m
respectively. The footings with depths of 3m will rest on natural grade.
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Where compacted fill will be employed to receive foundation structures, an internal angle
of friction of 33 has been estimated and will be employed to calculate the soil bearing capacity.
Some of the design parameters that were employed in this analysis were obtained through
correlations basing on the corrected standard penetration test blow counts. The resultant values
are presented in table 4.1.2.
Table 4.1.2 Parameter employed to design the Interconnection Station foundation system.
DEPTH (m)
FROM

TO

0.0

0.6

0.6

1.8

1.8

3.0

STRATUM DESCRIPTION

TYPE OF
SOIL

COHESION
SIMPLE
CORRECTED VOLUMETRIC FRICTION
"Cu"
WEIGHT " " ANGLOE "" COMPRESION
N BLOW
2
2
()
(t/m3)
COUNTS
(t/m )
"q" (t/m )

TOP LAYER-DARK BROWN FINE


GRANULAR
SAND
DARK BROWN LOOSE TO MEDIUM
GRANULAR
DENSE SAND WITH CLAY
REDDISH BROWN LOOSE TO
GRANULAR
MEDIUM DENSE SAND WITH CLAY

ELASTICITY
MODULUS
2

"E" (T/m )

POISSON'S
COEF. ""

MODULUS
OF
SUBGRADE
REACTION
"Kv"

12

1.70

28

--

--

2500

0.3

2747

1.70

28

--

--

2000

0.3

2198

1.70

28

--

--

1500

0.3

1648

Zone 2A: Emergence Generator


The above mentioned element will be supported by a mat foundation resting on dense
whitish brown sand with silt after completely removing the top layer.
Some of the design parameters that were employed in this analysis were obtained through
correlations basing on the corrected standard penetration test blow counts. The resultant values
are presented in table 4.1.3.
Table 4.1.3 Parameter employed to design the emergence generator pad.
DEPTH (m)
FROM

TO

0.0

0.6

0.6

4.8

STRATUM DESCRIPTION

TOP LAYER-LIGHT BROWN FINE


SAND
WHITISH BROWN DENSE SAND
WITH SILT

TYPE OF
SOIL

COHESION
SIMPLE
CORRECTED VOLUMETRIC FRICTION
"Cu"
WEIGHT " " ANGLOE "" COMPRESION
N BLOW
2
2
()
(t/m3)
COUNTS
(t/m )
"q" (t/m )

ELASTICITY
MODULUS
2

"E" (T/m )

POISSON'S
COEF. ""

MODULUS
OF
SUBGRADE
REACTION
"Kv"

GRANULAR

22

1.75

33

--

--

3660

0.3

4022

GRANULAR

35

1.90

36

--

--

5640

0.3

6198

Zone 2B: Maintenance shop and control room


The above mentioned buildings will be constructed on square foundation systems. The
minimum depth for the foundation system will be 1.0 m with respect to the ground level. The
square footings will be designed to rest on natural grade at different depths of 1m, 2m and 3m.
The design parameters that were employed in this analysis were obtained through
correlations basing on the corrected standard penetration test blow counts. The resultant values
are illustrated in the previously presented table 4.1.3.
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Zone 3 and 4: Raw water storage tank and natural gas compressors
The air and natural gas compressors will be supported by concrete blocks resting on mat
foundations placed on controlled compacted fill as shown in figure 4.1.2 below. The raw water
tank could also be rested on a concrete slab resting on compacted fill. The compacted fill will
have a minimum thickness of 1.8m with respect to the ground level (surface level) and will be
compacted up to 95% of its maximum dry density.
Some of the design parameters employed are illustrated in table 4.1.4. The compacted fill
will have a minimum angle of internal friction of 33, which will be considered where necessary
in the design process.
Square footings will be employed as another alternative. The square footings with depth
of 1m will rest on compacted fill (with 95% compaction) with minimum thickness of 1m, and
the rest of the footings (Df = 2 and 3m) will rest on natural grade.
Table 4.1.4 Parameter employed to design raw water storage tank and natural gas
compressors foundations
DEPTH (m)

STRATUM DESCRIPTION

FROM

TO

0.0

0.6

0.6

1.8

1.8

TYPE OF
SOIL

5.4

TOP LAYER-REDDISH BROWN FINE


GRANULAR
SAND
VERY LOOSE SAND WITH SILT AND
GRANULAR
LITTLE GRAVEL
DENSE SAND WITH SILT AND
LITTLE GRAVEL

GRANULAR

COHESION
SIMPLE
CORRECTED VOLUMETRIC FRICTION
"Cu"
WEIGHT " " ANGLOE "" COMPRESION
N BLOW
2
2
()
(t/m3)
COUNTS
(t/m )
"q" (t/m )

ELASTICITY
MODULUS
2

"E" (T/m )

POISSON'S
COEF. ""

MODULUS
OF
SUBGRADE
REACTION
"Kv"

20

1.70

30

--

--

3000

0.3

3297

1.65

26

--

--

1500

0.3

1648

32

1.90

35

--

--

5640

0.3

6198

Figure 4.1.2 Foundation solution for natural gas compressors


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Zone 5 Fin-fan discharge cooler


The control room will be constructed on square footings to a minimum depth of 1.8 m. The
design parameters employed are illustrated in the previously presented table 4.1.4.

4.2.- SHALLOW FOUNDATION ANALYSIS


Static ultimate load bearing capacity
The ultimate load bearing capacity analysis for shallow foundations was determined
according to Terzaghis theory, by employing the following expressions.
=

= 1.3

+
+

Strip footing
+ 0.4

Square footing

Where:
qc

Ultimate load bearing capacity in t/m2

Nq

Load bearing capacity factor

Load bearing capacity factor

Load bearing capacity factor

unit weight of material in t/m3

Df

Depth of foundation in m

Width or the diameter of the foundation in m

Cohesion ( t/m2)

The load bearing capacity factors (Nq, and Nc), are in function of the internal angle of
friction of the soil and they are obtained by using Terzaghis graph of load bearing capacity
factors, illustrated below.

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Figure 4.2.1 Bearing capacity factors (Terzaghi)


The choice of parameters is a critical aspect of design; one should always assess the
desirability of considering the properties associated with the most appropriate scenario, by
either considering the soil as cohesion-less or cohesive, as indicated by the local regulations.
4.3.- ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENTS
Immediate settlements
According to the type of soils (granular material) that has been detected, the type of
settlements that are expected will take place during the construction period; that is to say, the
structure will suffer elastic or immediate settlements. Due to the above mentioned, the elasticity
theory was employed to analyze the settlements by applying the expression below. In the
analysis the following parameters were considered:

Modulus of elasticity (E)


Poissons coefficient ()
Contact pressure (p) which is equal to the admissible load bearing capacity value
e =

Date:

(1 2 ) PB
E

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Where:
e = Elastic settlement in cm
p = Contact pressure in kg/cm2
B = Width or diameter of foundation in m
E = Modulus of elasticity in kg/cm2
= Poissons coefficient

4.4 SLOPE STABILITY


A slope stability analysis was realized, taking into account the maximum slopes permitted
for temporary and permanent cuts and fills.
To obtain the critical height of the slope and the review of its stability, we followed a
criterion established in reference 9.
The critical height that will be employed on the vertical slopes was calculated as follows:

Hc =

4c

N = tan2 (45 + )
2
Where:
Hc = Critical height
c = Cohesion
= Angle of internal friction
= soil volumetric weight
This height is similarly affected by a safety factor involved in the following formula:

Hc ' =

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1 4c
N

FS

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The slope stability was carried out following the calculation procedures using the Swedish
method.
The Swedish method assumes a circular failure as a sliding surface; the method is used
with segments where the acting forces are found.
A 1.5 minimum safety factor will be employed, and therefore the following condition must
be met for the selected hypothetical surface: SF 1.5

4.5.- RESULTS OBTAINED


Considering the analysis procedures contained in the previous subchapters, the
corresponding resistance parameters of the subsoil were taken into account to determine the
admissible load bearing capacity values plus their corresponding settlements.
Zone 1: Interconnection Station
Mat foundation
Substituting the corresponding values and employing a security factor of 3, the admissible
load bearing capacity value of 25t/m2 for the mat foundation was obtained considering a unit
width value. Maximum immediate settlements of 2.5cm will be experienced during the
construction stage.
Square footing
The bearing capacity values obtained for the square footings at different depth are
presented in the tables below:
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity with a maximum settlement of 2.5cm.
Depth (Df): 1m
Square footing
2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

1.0

24.9

0.2

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

2.0

31.7

0.6

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

3.0

38.5

1.1

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

4.0

45.3

1.8

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

5.0

52.1

2.5

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

1.0

1.90

1.0
1.0

Date:

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Qa t/m e (cm)

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Depth (Df): 2m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

1.0

42.9

0.3

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

2.0

49.7

0.7

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

3.0

56.5

1.2

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

4.0

63.3

1.8

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

5.0

70.2

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Depth (Df): 3m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

3.0

1.90

5.70

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

1.0

69.3

0.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

2.0

77.4

0.8

3.0

1.90

5.70

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

3.0

85.5

1.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

4.0

93.6

1.9

3.0

1.90

5.70

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

5.0

101.7

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Zone 2A: Emergence Generator


Substituting the corresponding values and employing a security factor of 3, the admissible
load bearing capacity value of 31t/m2 for the mat foundation was obtained. Maximum
immediate settlements of 2cm will be experienced during the construction stage.
Zone 2B: Maintenance shop and control room
Substituting the corresponding values and employing a security factor of 3, the admissible
load bearing capacity values for the square footing are presented in the tables below:
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity with a maximum settlement of 2.5cm.
Depth (Df): 1m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

1.0

1.90

1.90

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

1.0

37.7

0.2

1.0

1.90

1.90

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

2.0

49.3

0.6

1.0

1.90

1.90

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

3.0

60.8

1.1

1.0

1.90

1.90

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

4.0

72.3

1.7

1.0

1.90

1.90

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

5.0

83.8

2.5

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Qa t/m e (cm)

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

Page:
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Of:
52

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Depth (Df): 2m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

1.0

64.0

0.3

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

2.0

75.5

0.7

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

3.0

87.0

1.2

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

4.0

98.5

1.8

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

5.0

110.0

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Depth (Df): 3m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

1.0

90.2

0.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

2.0

101.7

0.7

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

3.0

113.2

1.2

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

4.0

124.8

1.8

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

5.0

136.3

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Zone 3 and 4: Air and natural gas compressors


Substituting the corresponding values and employing a security factor of 3, the admissible
load bearing capacity value of 29t/m2 for the mat foundation was obtained. Maximum
immediate settlements of 2.5cm will be experienced during the construction stage.
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity with a maximum settlement of 2.5cm.
Depth (Df): 1m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

1.0

1.90

1.90

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

1.0

28.5

0.1

1.0

1.90

1.90

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

2.0

36.6

0.3

1.0

1.90

1.90

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

3.0

44.7

0.6

1.0

1.90

1.90

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

4.0

52.8

1.0

1.0

1.90

1.90

33

0.0

48.09

32.23

31.94

5.0

60.9

1.4

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Qa t/m e (cm)

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

Page:
41

Of:
52

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Depth (Df): 2m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

1.0

64.0

0.3

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

2.0

75.5

0.7

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

3.0

87.0

1.2

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

4.0

98.5

1.8

2.0

1.90

3.80

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

5.0

110.0

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Depth (Df): 3m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

1.0

90.2

0.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

2.0

101.7

0.7

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

3.0

113.2

1.2

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

4.0

124.8

1.8

3.0

1.90

5.70

35

0.0

57.75

41.44

45.41

5.0

136.3

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Zone 5 Fin-fan discharge cooler


Substituting the corresponding values and employing a security factor of 3, the admissible
load bearing capacity values for the square footings are presented in the tables below.
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity with a maximum settlement of 2.5cm.
Depth (Df): 1m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

1.0

24.9

0.2

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

2.0

31.7

0.6

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

3.0

38.5

1.1

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

4.0

45.3

1.8

1.0

1.90

1.90

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

5.0

52.1

2.5

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Qa t/m e (cm)

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

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Of:
52

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Depth (Df): 2m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

1.0

42.9

0.3

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

2.0

49.7

0.7

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

3.0

56.5

1.1

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

4.0

63.3

1.7

2.0

1.90

3.80

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

5.0

70.2

2.4

Qa t/m e (cm)

Depth (Df): 3m
Square footing
2

Df

*t/m3

t/m2

c* t/m

Nc

Nq

B (m)

3.0

1.90

5.70

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

1.0

61.0

0.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

2.0

67.8

0.8

3.0

1.90

5.70

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

3.0

74.6

1.3

3.0

1.90

5.70

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

4.0

81.4

1.8

3.0

1.90

5.70

32

0.0

44.04

28.52

26.87

5.0

88.2

2.5

Qa t/m e (cm)

Slope stability
For permanent slopes, we carried out an analysis by considering the subsoil as purely
cohesion-less.
Employing the above mentioned parameters, and assuming a slope height of 2m with a
gradient ratio of 0.75: 1 (Horizontal: Vertical), a resultant security factor of 1.99 was obtained,
which confirms the stability of the slope, considering the above mentioned height. The analysis
is illustrated in the figure 4.6.1 and table 4.6.1 below:

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

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Of:
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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Figure 4.5.1 Results from the slope stability analysis

Table 4.5.1: Results from slope stability analysis showing a security factor of 1.99.
FACTOR =

Cu =

0.0 PARA "S" PRESION DE PORO RESULTANTE DE LAS PRUEBAS TRIAXIALES


35
2
0.0 t/m
3
2 kg/m

SLICE

WIDTH

No.

SLICE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

OTHER

AREA
m2.

Wi

Ni

Ti

ton.

ton.

ton.

Ni
Li

0.16
0.40
0.81
1.73
2.16
1.74
1.08
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

S=

0.01

0.31
0.15
0.00
-0.15
-0.31
-0.48
-0.67
-0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
SF =

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

22.50
23.50

0.01
0.00

16.12
16.12

Si

16.12
16.12

Si*Li

ton/m2

ton

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

= 1.99

Doc. No.:
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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)


A critical height of 1.6 m was obtained, considering the parameters mentioned in the table
below. This implies that excavations can be carried out with vertical walls up to a maximum
depth of 1.6 m. For any excavations beyond 1.6 m of depth, a slope ratio of 0.25:1 (Horizontal:
Vertical) will be employed.

Parameters Values
35

c
1.09
1.80

FS

Units
degrees
t/m
t/m 3

Critical depth
Hc' (m)
1.6

3.00

Critical depth

N = tan2 (45 + )
2

Hc =

J. Badillo II

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

4c

Hc '=

1 4c
FS

Hc

Hc'

3.69

4.65

1.55

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS

Based on the results from site exploration, laboratory tests and the desk work
interpretations and analysis, the following conclusions and recommendations of
geotechnical nature are presented as follows.

According to visual inspection, the site has a flat topography with minor gradients.

Sixteen (6) Standard Penetration Borings (SPT) were executed at a depth of 20m
and their corresponding logs are presented in Annex A and their process of
execution is included in the Photographic Report (Annex E).

Two (2) test pits (TP) and four other pits for top soil sampling (TSS) were executed
at different depths and their corresponding logs are presented in Annex A and
their process of execution is included in the Photographic Report (Annex E).

Two (2) Electrical Resistivity tests were executed and the results obtained are
presented in Annex C.

Two plate loading tests were executed with the aim of obtaining the soil modulus
of subgrade reaction; the results obtained are presented in Annex D.

Its important to note that the plate loading test PLT-2 presents very high values of
initial strain; this is due to the presence of sands with relative density
characterized as very loose to loose in the first 2 to 3m (see boring logs SPT-12
and 13).

The site stratigraphy is generally dominated by silty sands with traces of sandy
silts. According to the soil profiles obtained, the site subsoil is homogeneous, as
this can be evidenced by the boring logs presented in Annex A and in the site cross
section profile presented below (see attached drawing 1992-ME-CE-001.DWG).

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

According to the exploration works; Zone 1 (Interconnection Station) presents


very loose to loose sands (frail sands), and for that reason, its recommended to
execute replacement of soil (at minimum depth of 2.0m) with compacted fill, as
described previously in chapter 4.1.

Soil replacement will be executed at a minimum depth of 1.8m for zone 3 and 4,
where concrete blocks resting on mat foundations will be employed to receive
compressor static and transient loads, observing the compaction conditions
described previously in chapter 4.1.

The ground water level was measured periodically (save for SPT-8) and the
resultant average values obtained are presented in the following table:
PERIODIC MEASURING OF GROUND WATER LEVELS IN THE EXECUTED BOREHOLES (DEPTH IN METERS)

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST BOREHOLES
SPT-13

JANUARY, 2013
24
25

21

22

23

26

28

29

30

9.34

9.38

9.47

9.48

9.47

9.35

9.41

9.30

9.41

17:00

09:00

09:00

10:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

10.97

10.80

10.80

10.73

10.72

10.73

10.79

09:00

10:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

08:00

09:00

7.46

7.47

7.41

7.52

7.43

7.43

16:20

09:00

08:00

10:00

08:00

09:00

7.89

7.82

7.89

7.82

08:00

10:00

08:00

09:00

7.85

7.87

08:00

09:00

AVERAGE LEVEL
(METERS)

9.40

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-12

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-11

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-10

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-9

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

SPT-8

ESTIMATED TIME OF
MEASURING GROUND WATER
LEVEL

10.79

7.45

7.86

7.86

7.7
7.70
09:00

SHALLOWEST LEVEL DETECTED


DEEPEST LEVEL DETECTED

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

According to the subsoil encountered, foundation systems can be constructed on


the natural grade after removing the top layer, save for the special cases where fill
material has to be employed (Zones 1, 3, 4).

Soil chemical analysis was conducted in order to identify the potential presence of
chlorides and sulfates, the results are shown in subchapter 2.2.3. Based to the ACI
standards, normal concrete can be employed as the amount of sulfate
concentrations encountered fall within the acceptable range and their harm to
concrete is insignificant.

Prior to the construction process of building platforms, surface cleaning must be


carried out to eliminate the compost layer which oscillates between 0.05 m to
0.2m.

Considering the characteristic of the project, the site stratigraphy and the
resistance parameters obtained; footings and mat foundations are recommended.
The resultant allowable bearing capacity values and the settlements obtained are
presented in subchapter 4.5.

Only elastic or immediate settlements will be experienced and these will take place
during the construction period, yielding a maximum value of 2cm.

All the mechanical parameters were obtained through empirical procedures


employing corrected N blow counts from the standard penetration tests, as it was
quite cumbersome to extract undisturbed samples due to the granular nature of the
soil encountered.

It is important to note that the parameters for the analysis of the foundation
systems is up to the depth indicated and we recommend that during the
construction process, an engineer should be hired to make sure that the
procedures stipulated in this report are strictly followed.

Taking into account the levels of present project, it is assumed that there will be
cuts; therefore excavations can be made using vertical slopes up to 1.6m, and at a
depth beyond the above mentioned height (1.6m), a slope ratio of 0.25:1.0
(Horizontal : Vertical) should be employed.

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

For permanent slopes in cuts and embankments, a ratio of 0.50:1 (horizontal:


vertical) and 0.75:1(horizontal: vertical) will be used respectively.

During construction, temporary slopes should be regularly evaluated for signs of


movement or unsafe conditions. Soil slopes should be covered for protection from
rain, and surface runoff should be diverted away from the slopes. For erosion
protection, a protective cover of grass or other vegetation should be established on
permanent soil slopes as soon as possible.

The selected fill material will be compacted up to 95% of its maximum dry density
in layers of 20cm.

Before constructing the fill embankments, a stepped surface should be created to


avoid fault planes that can cause lines of weakness in the embankment. This
stepped surface can be built with a super elevation of 0.3m and a horizontal width
of 2.5 m.

Ground floor slabs may be designed as a slab-on-grade supported by undisturbed


residual soils or newly placed controlled fill.

After the strip off process, areas intended to support foundations, floor slabs, and
new fill should be carefully evaluated by a geotechnical engineer or someone with
sufficient experience in similar construction projects.

The proof rolling observation is an opportunity for the geotechnical engineer to


locate inconsistencies intermediate of our boring locations in the existing
subgrade. Any unsuitable materials observed during the evaluation and proof
rolling operations should be undercut and replaced with compacted fill or
stabilized in-place. The possible need for, and extent of, undercutting and/or inplace stabilization required could best be determined by the geotechnical engineer
at the time of construction. Once the site has been properly prepared, at-grade
construction may proceed.

For shallow foundations that will be constructed on compacted fill obtained from
site, corresponding quality tests will have to be carried to verify compliance with
the construction process and the compaction requirements indicated in this report.

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Once the excavations to accommodate the foundations have been completed, the
bottom of the excavation will be protected in all cases with a thin layer of poor
concrete f'c = 100 kg/cm2, with a thickness of at least 5 cm before proceeding to
place concrete for the foundation.

The width of the excavation shall be such that the work of placing and removing
formwork is made less complicated.

The excavations to accommodate foundations, can be refilled up to the required


levels using onsite material, in layers no greater than 20.0 cm, compacted up to
95% of its maximum dry density, removing all the boulders with diameters larger
than 5 ".

Based on the type of subsoil (granular) encountered, a sliding friction coefficient


of 0.45 is recommended at the proposed foundation levels.

At rest pressure (Ko) of 2.3t/m2 for structures that will be constructed underground
was obtained, considering the depth of 3m as shown in the graph below.
At rest pressure (t/m2)
0.00
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.5

0.00

0.50

Depth (m)

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00
0.00

2.30

3.50

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

Page:
50

Of:
52

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

Using the above graphic information lateral at rest pressure can be calculated at
different depth up to a maximum depth of 3m.

The site under study doesnt experience frost and as a result, no frost line or depth
has been recommended.

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

Page:
51

Of:
52

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DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)

REFERENCES
1.- Comisin Federal de Electricidad (CFE), 2008 Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles.
Estructuras, Diseo por Sismo, Mxico.
2.- Terzaghi, K, Peck, B.R., y Mesri, G. (1996), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 3er Ed.
3.- AASHTO LRFD (2004), Bridge Design Specifications. Foundations Design. USA.
4.- Hoek, E., P. K. Kaiser & Bawdeb (1995): Support of underground excavations in hard rock.
5.- J. E. Bowles, Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw Hill, Fifth edition, 1996, USA.

6.- Principio de ingeniera de cimentaciones, Braja M. Das., International Thomson Editores,


2001
7.- Comisin Federal de Electricidad, Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles, B.2.4.
Cimentaciones en suelo, 1981.
8. American Concrete Institute ACI, Norma ACI 318-02 (vigente)
9. Mecnica de Suelos, Tomo I y II (1992).Tercera edicin, Jurez Badillo y Rico Rodrguez,
Editorial Noriega.

Date:

Rev.:
MARZO 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station (ACS)

Page:
52

Of:
52

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

ANNEX A
BORING AND TEST PIT
LOGS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
1

Of:
15

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

SPT BORING LOGS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
2

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Boriing log for S


SPT-8
Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
3

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Boriing log for S


SPT-9
Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
4

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Borin
ng log for SP
PT-10

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
5

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Borin
ng log for SP
PT-11
Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
6

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Borin
ng log for SP
PT-12
Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
7

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Borin
ng log for SP
PT-13

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
8

Of:
15

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

TEST PIT LOGS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
9

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Testt pit log for TP-8

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
10

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Testt pit log for TP-9

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
11

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Test pit log for T


TSS-1

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
12

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Test pit log for T


TSS-2

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
13

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Test pit log for T


TSS-3

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
14

Of:
15

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Test pit log for T


TSS-4

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
15

Of:
15

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

ANNEX B
LABORATORY RESULTS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
1

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOILS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
2

Of:
18

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
3

Of:
18

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
4

Of:
18

GEO
OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

Doc.
D No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamiraa Compression Staation

Page:
5

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

INDEX PROPERTIES

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
6

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-8

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

5.4%

M-2

0.60

1.20

1.8%

M-3

1.20

1.80

3.8%

M-4

1.80

2.40

7.5%

M-5

2.40

3.00

4.0%

M-6

3.00

3.60

5.3%

M-7

3.60

4.20

4.8%

M-8

4.20

4.80

8.5%

M-9

4.80

5.40

11.5%

5.40

6.00

10.9%

M-11

6.00

6.60

18.2%

M-12

6.60

7.20

25.0%

M-13

7.20

7.80

20.1%

M-14

7.80

8.40

25.1%

M-15

8.40

9.00

15.9%

M-16

9.00

9.60

M-17

9.60

10.20 10.8%

M-18

10.20

10.80

M-19

10.80

11.40 14.1%

M-20

11.40

12.00

M-21

12.00

12.60 15.2%

M-22

12.60

13.20 11.7%

M-23

13.20

13.80 17.0%

M-24

13.80

14.40 14.1%

M-25

14.40

15.00 19.0%

PI

USCS

0.0%

72.0%

28.0%

SM

0.0%

73.0%

27.0%

SM

5.0%

48.0%

47.0% 21.0% 18.0%

0.0%

67.0%

33.0%

SM

0.0%

73.0%

27.0%

SM

0.0%

75.0%

25.0%

SM

1.0%

54.0%

45.0%

SM

0.0%

64.0%

36.0%

SM

0.0%

70.0%

20.0%

SM

SM

3.0%

9.2%

M-26

15.00

15.60 20.8%

M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

20.8%
13.2%
16.0%
16.4%
9.6%
17.1%
18.6%
14.9%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

PL

M-10

Date:

LL

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
7

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-9

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

3.1%

M-2

0.60

1.20

10.3%

M-3

1.20

1.80

9.8%

M-4

1.80

2.40

3.7%

M-5

2.40

3.00

3.4%

M-6

3.00

3.60

4.4%

M-7

3.60

4.20

3.7%

M-8

4.20

4.80

9.4%

M-9

4.80

5.40

11.0%

M-10

5.40

6.00

17.4%

M-11

6.00

6.60

22.9%

M-12

6.60

7.20

19.8%

M-13

7.20

7.80

M-14

7.80

8.40

M-15

8.40

9.00

10.1%

M-16

9.00

9.60

M-17

9.60

10.20 12.8%

M-18

10.20

10.80

M-19

10.80

11.40 12.4%

M-20

11.40

12.00

M-21

12.00

12.60 10.4%

M-22

12.60

13.20 11.3%

M-23

13.20

13.80 14.3%

M-24

13.80

14.40 14.4%

M-25

14.40

15.00 16.4%

M-26

15.00

15.60 16.8%

M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

Date:

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

SM

7.0%

62.0%

31.0%

0.0%

17.0%

83.0%

0.0%

51.0%

49.0% 33.0% 26.0%

21.5%

0.0%

83.0%

17.0%

SM

9.7%

9.0%

71.0%

20.0%

SM

11.0%

64.0%

25.0%

SM

5.0%

66.0%

29.0%

SM

0.0%

53.0%

47.0%

SM

2.0%

71.0%

27.0%

SM

0.0%

68.0%

32.0%

SM

9.1%

SM

7.0%

9.9%

16.7%
15.4%
18.0%
18.1%
18.2%
16.5%
18.2%
11.5%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

LL

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
8

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-10

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

7.0%

M-2

0.60

1.20

11.3%

M-3

1.20

1.80

14.7%

M-4

1.80

2.40

8.1%

M-5

2.40

3.00

9.6%

M-6

3.00

3.60

2.2%

M-7

3.60

4.20

2.9%

M-8

4.20

4.80

7.3%

M-9

4.80

5.40

18.6%

M-10

5.40

6.00

19.3%

M-11

6.00

6.60

24.3%

M-12

6.60

7.20

18.8%

M-13

7.20

7.80

22.0%

M-14

7.80

8.40

20.3%

M-15

8.40

9.00

10.3%

M-16

9.00

9.60

13.9%

9.60

10.20 12.1%

M-18

10.20

10.80 12.1%

M-19

10.80

11.40

6.8%
8.1%

M-20

11.40

12.00

M-21

12.00

12.60 14.8%

M-22

12.60

13.20 18.4%

M-23

13.20

13.80 13.8%

M-24

13.80

14.40 21.8%

M-25

14.40

15.00 19.4%

M-26

15.00

15.60 13.7%

M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

16.0%
16.3%
15.3%
16.7%
17.0%
12.3%
20.9%
13.4%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

M-17

Date:

LL

6.0%

71.0%

23.0%

SM

5.0%

68.0%

27.0%

SM

0.0%

16.0%

84.0% 53.0% 35.0% 18.0%

MH

0.0%

86.0%

14.0%

SM

4.0%

67.0%

29.0%

SM

10.0%

64.0%

26.0%

SM

2.0%

73.0%

25.0%

SM

1.0%

79.0%

20.0%

SM

1.0%

85.0%

14.0%

SM

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
9

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-11

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

9.3%

M-2

0.60

1.20

12.7%

M-3

1.20

1.80

10.9%

M-4

1.80

2.40

5.2%

M-5

2.40

3.00

3.1%

M-6

3.00

3.60

3.5%

M-7

3.60

4.20

4.2%

M-8

4.20

4.80

17.2%

M-9

4.80

5.40

12.2%

M-10

5.40

6.00

34.5%

M-11

6.00

6.60

28.8%

M-12

6.60

7.20

31.8%

M-13

7.20

7.80

14.1%

M-14

7.80

8.40

16.1%

M-15

8.40

9.00

19.6%

M-16

9.00

9.60

12.8%

M-17

9.60

10.20 14.1%

M-18

10.20

10.80 10.7%

M-19

10.80

11.40 10.4%

M-20

11.40

12.00

M-21

12.00

12.60 15.4%

M-22

12.60

13.20 11.1%

M-23

13.20

13.80 15.5%

M-24

13.80

14.40 10.3%

M-25

14.40

15.00 21.1%

M-26

15.00

15.60 16.4%

M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

Date:

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

8.4%

17.7%
16.3%
17.0%
17.2%
15.9%
18.2%
8.4%
21.3%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

LL

1.0%

79.0%

20.0%

SM

7.0%

71.0%

22.0%

SM

2.0%

40.0%

58.0%

ML

0.0%

11.0%

89.0% 70.0% 41.0% 29.0%

MH

10.0%

66.0%

24.0%

SM

2.0%

78.0%

20.0%

SM

15.0%

62.0%

23.0%

SM

0.0%

64.0%

36.0%

SM

0.0%

83.0%

17.0%

SM

2.0%

84.0%

14.0%

SM

0.0%

59.0%

41.0%

SM

Doc. No.:
DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

Page:
10

Of:
18

GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

DIC-02/13

PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-12

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

7.6%

M-2

0.60

1.20

7.5%

M-3

1.20

1.80

5.9%

M-4

1.80

2.40

8.7%

M-5

2.40

3.00

8.4%

M-6

3.00

3.60

4.4%

M-7

3.60

4.20

5.4%

M-8

4.20

4.80

4.8%

M-9

4.80

5.40

3.6%

5.40

6.00

8.9%

M-11

6.00

6.60

9.3%

M-12

6.60

7.20

7.3%

M-13

7.20

7.80

5.3%

M-14

7.80

8.40

3.3%

M-15

8.40

9.00

8.4%

M-16

9.00

9.60

9.5%

M-17

9.60

10.20

9.4%

M-18

10.20

10.80 17.0%

M-19

10.80

11.40 11.5%

M-20

11.40

12.00 14.1%

M-21

12.00

12.60 12.2%

M-22

12.60

13.20 14.3%

M-23

13.20

13.80 17.8%

M-24

13.80

14.40 19.6%

M-25

14.40

15.00 14.6%

M-26

15.00

15.60 15.4%

M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

21.0%
23.6%
11.9%
19.6%
17.1%
19.1%
18.9%
10.5%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

M-10

Date:

LL

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SC

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SC

0.0%

69.0%

31.0%

SM

24%

43.0%

33.0%

SM

0.0%

70.0%

30.0%

SM

0.0%

58.0%

42.0%

SM

0.0%

67.0%

33.0%

SM

0.0%

66.0%

34.0% 25.0% 22.0%

0.0%
0.0%

82.0%
38.0%

18.0%
62.0% 24.0% 20.0%

0.0%

88.0%

12.0%

SP-SM

0.0%

52.0%

48.0%

SM

3.0%

SM

4.0%

SM
ML

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

BORING

No.

SPT-13

SAMPLE

w
FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.00

0.60

6.3%

M-2

0.60

1.20

10.3%

M-3

1.20

1.80

16.0%

M-4

1.80

2.40

4.7%

M-5

2.40

3.00

9.9%

M-6

3.00

3.60

3.8%

M-7

3.60

4.20

5.4%

M-8

4.20

4.80

5.2%

M-9

4.80

5.40

4.2%

5.40

6.00

3.3%

M-11

6.00

6.60

11.3%

M-12

6.60

7.20

4.0%

M-13

7.20

7.80

6.7%

M-14

7.80

8.40

6.9%

M-15

8.40

9.00

13.8%

M-16

9.00

9.60

17.3%

M-17

9.60

10.20 13.4%

M-18

10.20

10.80 14.3%

M-19-1

10.80

10.98 16.1%

M-19-2

10.98

11.40 18.7%

M-20

11.40

12.00 19.2%

M-21

12.00

12.60 22.8%

M-22

12.60

13.20 24.0%

M-23

13.20

13.80 16.7%

M-24

13.80

14.40 19.2%

M-25

14.40

15.00 13.2%

M-26
M-27
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
M-32
M-33
M-34

15.00
15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80

15.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18.60
19.20
19.80
20.40

22.6%
19.6%
22.3%
19.0%
18.6%
17.2%
18.7%
15.2%
12.2%

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

PL

PI

USCS

F
-

M-10

Date:

LL

25.0%

57.0%

18.0%

SM

9.0%

60.0%

31.0%

SM

0.0%

60.0%

40.0%

SM

0.0%

55.0%

45.0%

SM

0.0%

29.0%

71.0% 43.0%

34%

9.0%

ML

0.0%
0.0%

25.0%
73.0%

75.0% 27.0% 24.0%


27.0%

3.0%

ML

0.0%

85.0%

15.0%

SM

0.0%

77.0%

23.0%

SM

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DIC_02_13 Intergen Altamira Compression Station

SM

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

% OF PARTICLES

DEPTH

TEST PIT

SAMPLE

LL

PL

PI

USCS

FROM

TO

No.

M-1

0.20

0.30

4.8%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SC

M-2

0.60

0.80

7.7%

0.0%

82.0%

18.0%

SC

M-3

1.40

1.60

10.9%

8.0%

69.0%

23.0%

SC

(T-S-S-1)

M-1

0.50

0.70

6.8%

0.0%

84.0%

16.0%

SM

(T-S-S-2)

M-1

0.50

0.70

9.7%

0.0%

79.0%

21.0%

SM

(T-S-S-3)

M-1

0.50

0.70

11.7%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SM

(T-S-S-4)

M-1

0.35

0.55

10.6%

0.0%

78.0%

22.0%

SM

M-1

0.50

0.70

4.0%

0.0%

63.0%

37.0%

SM

M-2

0.90

0.95

9.6%

0.0%

82.0%

18.0%

SM

M-3

1.20

1.30

9.9%

0.0%

80.0%

20.0%

SM

No.

(TP-08)

(TP-09)

Date:

F
-

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FEBRUARY 2013

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

SOIL QUALITY TESTS

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRUARY 2013

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OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

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OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

DIC-02/13

PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

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FEBRU
UARY 2013

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OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

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PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

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OTECHNICAL REPORT
R

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PR
ROJECT: INTERGEN
IN
N ALTAMIIRA COMP
PRESSION
N STATION
N

Date:

Rev.:
FEBRU
UARY 2013

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Project: Intergen Altamira compression station (ACS)

Control sheet
FO-7.5.3-04.1

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY (ANNEX C)

INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION (ACS)


ALTAMIRA, TAMAULIPAS

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING
CO.
TITLE:

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
REFERENCE No.:

PROJECT:

1992 GMS
PREPARED BY:

INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION


(ACS)
LOCATION:

Eng. Ignacio vila Carren


Cdula: 1899346
REVIEWED BY:

Eng. Pedro Ramrez Molina


Cdula 3018470
APPROVED BY:

Eng. Gerardo Gallo Aguilar


Cdula: 1072743

ALTAMIRA, TAMAULIPAS.
.
RECEIVED BY:

DATE:

ENG. OSCAR MENDOZA MUOZ


CONTROL No:

REVISIN No. :

DIC-2/13

FEB. 13
PAGES:

29
REVISIN 02

Geophysical survey

DIC 002/13

Project: Intergen Altamira Compression Station

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO.
ALTAMIRA, TAMAULIPAS.
DETERMINATION OF SOIL RESISTIVITY
FOR DESIGNING EARTHLING SYSTEMS.

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GEOPHYSICAL STUDY CONDUCTED FOR


SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO. INTERGEN ALTAMIRA
COMPRESSION STATION (ACS) LOCATED IN THE
INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR OF ALTAMIRA, TAMAULIPAS

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CONTENTS
CHAPTER

1.0

GENERALITIES Y OBJECTIVES
ANTECEDENTS
OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY

CHAPTER

1.1

ACCESS AND LOCATION

1.2

METHOD OF WORK

2.0

GEOLOGY

2.1

PHYSIOGRAPHY

2.2

HIDROLOGY

2.3

GEOLOGY

CHAPTER 3.0

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

3.1

SURVEY METHOD

3.2

EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED

CHAPTER 4.0
4.1
CHAPTER 5.0

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RESULTS
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS

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Chapter 1
GENERALITIES AND OBJECTIVES
ANTECEDENTS
Given the need to ascertain the electrical resistivity properties of the
subsoil corresponding to the site where amplification works for the
``Intergen Altamira Compression Station project will be carried out;
Geo Grupo del Centro, S. A. de C.V. was requested to realize a
geophysical survey on the site located in Circuito Mar de Kara, near
Boulevard de los Rios, industrial corridor in Altamira, Tamaulipas.

It is very essential for the electrical substations to have an earthling system


installed, as this helps in downloading generated residue electrical
currents to the subsoil. The same system also helps in downloading the
telluric electrical currents generated by atmospheric phenomena like the
thunder storms and rains, thus providing protection for the stuff plus the
installed equipment at the station.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY


The objective of this survey is to determine the electrical resistivity
characteristics of the subsoil, with the aim of discovering the type of
material the latter is made of, in order to determine the corresponding
Ohmic resistance in 2 proposed points, through vertical electrical
soundings, marked as RES 05 and RES 06, employing the Wenner
electrodic arrangement, as this is suitable for the construction of the
earthling system.

1.1

ACCESS AND LOCATION

The access to the site is done departing from the city of Tampico, through
the Altamira Industrial Corridor until you reach the entrance to the
building of the company known as Posco Mexico, turn left down the street
Circuito Mar de Kara, and walk about 170 m until you reach the site
under study, on the left.

The site has the following geographic coordinate approximately


(WGS84)

X= 14612,551 E
Y= 2486,921 N
See map "Location of Electrical Resistivity Surveys Pg. 23

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The location of the Electrical Resistivity Surveys is in the following


geographical coordinates.

VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOUNDING


GAS NATURAL
STATION
(RES 05)

RHUMB

SEV 01 LINE 1

NW85SE

SEV 01 LNE 2

COORDINATES

(WGS 84)

14 612 525

2 486 855

NE05SW
VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOUNDING

GAS NATURAL
STATION
(RES 06)

RHUMB

SEV 02 LINE 1

E-W

SEV 02 LNE 2

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COORDINATES
X

(WGS 84)
Y

14 612 270

2 486 931

N-S

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LOCATION OF THE AREA UNDER STUDY


FIGURENo. 01

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AREAL VIEWOF THE AREA UNDER THE STUDY


FIGURE No. 2.

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1.2

METHOD OF WORK

1.2.1 Field activities


With the information obtained from the field trip and the corresponding
plans available, the site where the vertical electrical soundings (SEV) were
to be carried out was identified. It was necessary to position the grid
points known as RES 05 and RES 06, on the site under study.
The direction of the grid points was aligned in two directions, with a
common center, seeking not to damage the sparse vegetation of the area.
The lines for the vertical electrical soundings have the following electrodic
distances, AB/3:
Minimal distances from; 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 m.
Additional distances from; 5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 20.0, 24.0 y 30.0 m.
The soundings have been set up in a geometric configuration known as the
tetraelectrodic Wenner arrangement, as can be seen in the following
illustration (figure 3).

FIGURE 3 ELCTRODIC WENNER ARREY

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Chapter 2
GEOLOGY
2.1

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Gulf coastal plain

This province extends from Florida to Yucatan and is bounded on the


coastal side of the Gulf of Mexico by a number of lagoons. In the north and
south of Veracruz, the coastal plain is separated respectively by the
volcanic axis and the Macizo de los Tuxtlas, and finally limited on the
western side by the Sierra Madre Occidental. The plain portion is
relatively a narrow belt in some parts.

In different parts along the coast, the following materials of Quaternary


age are found: Dunes (sands and silty sands), beach deposits (sand and
silty sand), and alluvial deposits (sands and clays). Inland away from the
coast, there are formations of Tertiary and occasionally outcrops of
Cretaceous age close to the limits with this province and Sierra Madre
Oriental.

In the north central province (area of Ciudad Victoria, Tampico and


Veracruz Upstate), the rocks that can be observed from the western border
to the east of the plain of the Gulf are composed of sediments ranging from
Jurassic to Recent , and with relatively simple geological structure
compared with that of the Sierra Madre Oriental.

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2.2

REGIONAL GEOLOGY

The rocks are represented by limestone, shale, siltstone, sandstone and


gypsum from Jurassic Formations (Formations like La Joya, Novillo,
Olvido and La Casita); limestone, marl, shale, siltstones and dolomites of
Cretaceous Formations (formations like San Felipe, El Abra, Tamabra ,
Tamaulipas, Mendez, Cardenas, etc..) sandstones, shale, limestone, sands,
clays and conglomerates of the Tertiary Formations (Vicksburg,
Catahoula, Sorrel Chapopote, Aragon, Midway, Tuxpan, etc..) and
conglomerates, gravels, sands and clays Quaternary caliche (Reynosa
Formations, Lissie, Goliad, Acatlapa, etc.).

Tertiary sediments in this province include conglomerates, sands, clays,


shale, siltstones and sandstones ranging in age from Eocene to Pliocene,
and these are roughly oriented parallel to the Gulf of Mexico, such that
their ages are lower as they approach the coast, they also have
characteristic regional inclination in the direction towards the coast, with
noticeable thickening of the formations in the same direction.

Tectonically, the region shows little deformation (folding). The most


notable ones are occurring on the western side and they appear in the
exposed Eocene sediments, whose structural axes are shown substantially
parallel to the folds of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The faulting has a
general direction NS and is of the normal type with its fallen Eastern Bloc.
These features were apparently formed in the late Eocene and early
Oligocene.

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2.3

LOCAL GEOLOGY

There is a flat topography with very gentle slope towards the Gulf of
Mexico, with small undulations defining poorly drained low-lying areas
that remain flooded most of the year. Near the coast there are also many
marshes and estuaries subject to tidal variation.

Outside the study area, a materials bank can be viewed, which exposes a
massive sandstone outcrop of medium compactness to the surface with a
thickness of 2.20 m.

A 1.40 m thickness unit with lenses of 2 to 10 cm follows the less


consolidated sand towards the base of the excavation cut; a layer of 1.9 m
thick formed by intercalation of massive consolidated sandstone with
medium compactness of sandstone is detected. This materials bank has a
cross-bedding stratigraphy.

2.4

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

The buried structures of this area have characteristic of salt domes which
resemble isolated salt columns or intrusive masses of great extension.
"Due to salt dissolution or the exploitation of the same can originate
cavities, which can cause subsidence rate recorded in a large area. The
Laguna de Tabasco appears to be a good example of dissolution
subsidence. These domes are usually associated with the existence of
sulfur and oil.

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Three major crustal faults that cross the territory of the State of Veracruz
and end into the Gulf of Mexico just north of Coatzacoalcos, are
considered major structures in the region known as Zacamboxo and
Clarion faults, which run approximately parallel to each other in the
direction West-East and the probable fault of the Istmo de Tehuantepec,
which crosses the former in the direction South-North. This fault has been
associated with the epicenters which have generated the greatest
consequential earthquakes in the region.

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Chapter3
GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION
3.1 SURVEY METHOD
The DC electrical resistivity methods consist of inducing current in the
ground by employing electrodes (known as A and B), nailed in the soil; the
generated electric field is obtained by measuring the potential difference V
between the two other electrodes known as M and N. To obtain the
experimental parameter known as the apparent resistivity (measured in ohmm), the potential difference V is divided by the induced current quotient (I),
and then multiplied by K which is a constant that takes into account the type
of arrangement employed. The apparent resistivity is practically a parameter
that demonstrates the amount of difficulty for the induced electric current to
go through a given material measured in ohm-m.

The geometry of the soundings is illustrated in figure A, where the electrodes


A and B are symmetrically fixed after the M and N, positioned in a collinear
manner with spacing equal to AB. Each position of the current and potential
electrodes implies different values in the measurement of; electric current I,
potential difference o voltage V and the geometric constant K, parameters
that are need to determine the apparent resistivity. With the arranged pairs
of AB/3 and the apparent resistivity, a curve of a is drawn, which is
afterwards compared with the theoretical models until a satisfactory
adjustment has been reached, the latter is correlated with the geological data
to obtain a physical model of the subsoil.

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a = a = AB/3

FIGURE 3 ELCTRODIC WENNER ARREY


The collected geophysical field data was analyzed using the following
procedures:

The field results were adjusted due to lateral variations, in a unique way for
each position of measurement, and the interpretations were carried out
using, graphical and analytical techniques plus specialized computer
programs, with the aim of obtaining representative geo-electrical models of
the prevailing geological conditions of the subsoil.

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In the resistivity calculation, the A/B relation (spacing vs electrode depth)


was taken into account.
If the A/B ratio is less than 20, then the following formula is employed to
calculate the resistivity of the soil.

If the length of B is very small compared to that of A, that is to say; the


A/B ration is greater or equal to 20, it is assumed that B=0 and the formula
to be employed reduces to:

3.2

EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED

To carry out the survey, a French made SYSCAL R1 switch 48


transmitter-receiver resistivimeter was employed.

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Chapter 4
RESULTS

With the use of the geometrical Wenner array with the Syscal equipment,
the established inter electrode spacings and the employment of electrodes
at indicated depths, it was possible to obtain the resistivity curves and
models in each position (SEV), thereby indicating the resistivity
characteristics of the subsoil plus the prevailing geological-geophysical
corresponces.

According to the established inter electrode spacings, a summary of the


results obtained in each position (SEV) is shown in the following tables,
with the aim of illustrating the ohmic resistance values obtained in the
field.

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SITE UNDER STUDY INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION


STATION (ACS)
RES 05
GENERAL AVERAGE

RES 05

SPACING BETWEEN
ELECTRODES (A)
(m)

SUNK ELECTRODES (B)


(m)

RELATION A/B
-

RESISTANCE VALUE
()

CALCULATED
RESISTIVITY
( m)

0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
20.0
24.0
30.0

0.16
0.16
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27

3.13
6.25
7.41
11.11
14.81
18.52
25.93
37.04
44.44
46.30
59.26
88.89
111.11

27.89
21.37
13.14
6.21
3.56
2.37
1.46
0.68
0.59
0.44
0.31
0.30
0.17
6.04

101.2
140.0
170.2
118.8
90.1
74.7
64.1
42.9
44.3
41.4
39.5
45.0
32.1
77.26

GENERAL AVERAGE

Observations

FORMAT 1- Resistivity measurement of soil for earthing systems for plants and electrical substations.
REFERENCE STANDARD NRF-011-CFE

RES 06
GENERAL AVERAGE.

RES 06

SPACING BETWEEN
ELECTRODES (A)
(m)

SUNK ELECTRODES (B)


(m)

RELATION A/B
-

RESISTANCE VALUE
()

CALCULATED
RESISTIVITY
( m)

0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
20.0
24.0
30.0

0.16
0.16
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27

3.13
6.25
7.41
11.11
14.81
18.52
25.93
37.04
44.44
46.30
59.26
88.89
111.11

35.28
25.34
13.51
9.44
7.04
5.91
4.01
2.17
1.51
0.89
0.45
0.27
0.15
8.15

128.0
166.1
175.1
180.5
178.5
186.7
176.2
136.5
114.0
83.8
56.0
40.0
27.5
126.84

PROMEDIO GENERAL

FORMAT 1- Resistivity measurement of soil for earthing systems for plants and electrical substations.
REFERENCE STANDARD NRF-011-CFE

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4.1

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

The regitered resistivities using the IX1D package can be seen on page 27,
in each figure, the resistivity curves and spacings (resistivity destrubution
model), as well as the real resisivity variations in the subsoil layers of the
site under study.
According to the values of resistivity plus the generated curves, the
following results are shown in the table below.
RES 05
VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOUNDING
POSSIBLE GEOLOGICAL - GEOPHYSICAL
CORRESPONDENCE

AVERAGE VALUES
THICKNESS (m)

DEPTH (m)

RESISTIVITY ( -m)

0.6

0.6

95.9

1.0

1.6

322.3

22.4

24.0

38.3

GAS NATURAL
STATION
RES 05

23.4

U1 Surface layer: Sandstone medium


compactness and Arenas with little silt, presence
of clams and roots in the dry state.
U1' Average compactness Sandstone Arenas
dense with little silt, with presence of clams.
U2

Sandstone half dense compactness

U3 Average compactness sandstone and


coquina dense, moist

In general, one can say four resistivity units were detected, and they are
similar to each other; the first unit of resistivity are termed as U1
constituted by a superficial layer of medium compactness Sandstones and
sand with little silt, coquina and presence of roots, in a dry state, with
values of 95.9 -m. This stratum is followed by unit U1' constituted by
Sandstone of medium to dense compactness and sand with little silt, and
presence of coquina, with values less than 322.3 -m, followed by the unit
U2 formed by Sandstones of medium to dense compactness, with lower
values in the order of 38.3 -m and finally unit U3 which is associated
with wet Sandstone of medium to dense compactness with coquinas, with
values of 4.23 -m.

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RES 06
VERTICAL ELECTRIC SOUNDING
POSSIBLE GEOLOGICAL - GEOPHYSICAL
CORRESPONDENCE

AVERAGE VALUES
THICKNESS (m)

GAS NATURAL
STATION
RES 06

DEPTH (m)

RESISTIVITY ( -m)

0.5

0.5

132.0

8.6

9.1

193.4

15.4

U1 Surface layer: Sandstone medium


compactness and Arenas with little silt, presence
of clams and roots in the dry state.
U1' Average compactness Sandstone Arenas
dense with little silt, with presence of clams.
U3 Average compactness sandstone and
coquina dense, moist

In general, one can say four resistivity units were detected, and they are
similar to each other; the first unit of resistivity are termed as U1
constituted by a superficial layer of medium compactness Sandstones and
sand with little silt, coquina and presence of roots, in a dry state, with
values of 132.0 -m. This stratum is followed by unit U1' constituted by
Sandstone of medium to dense compactness and sand with little silt, and
presence of coquina, with values less than 193.4 -m, followed by the unit
U2 formed by Sandstones of medium to dense compactness, with lower
values in the order of 38.3 -m and finally unit U3 which is associated
with wet Sandstone of medium to dense compactness with coquinas, with
values of 15.4 -m.

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Chapter5
CONCLUSIONS

The type of material, the ohmic resistance and the resistivity values
of the soils corresponding to the zone under investigation, will
allow us to attend to the technical specifications for the designing
of earthling systems, for soils with aparent resistivities less than
100 -m m on the ground (resistivity unit U2, as second stratum,
except for RES 06 as a third layer, at a greater depth)

Below is a table summarizing the actual resistivity average values


as well as the corresponding thicknesses and geologicalgeophysical correspondences.
GEOPHYSICS RESISTIVITY (THICKNESS (m)
UNIT
m)

POSSIBLE GEOLOGICAL - GEOPHYSICAL


CORRESPONDENCE

U1

95.9 a 132.0

0.5 a 0.6

U1 TOP LAYER: MEDIUM DENSITY


SANDSTONE WITH LITTLE SILT, PRESENCE
OF COQUINAS AND ROOTS, IN A DRY STATE.

U1'

193.4 a 322.3

1.0 a 8.6

U1' MEDIUM DENSITY SANDSTONE AND


SAND WITH LITTLE SILT, AND PRESENCE OF
COQUINAS

U2

38.3

22.4

U3

15.4 a 23.4

U2

MEDIUM TO DENSE SANDSTONE.

U3 MOIST MEDIUM TO DENSE SANDSTONE


WITH COQUINAS, IN WET A SATURED STATE.

It can be concluded that the resistive layers with low resistivity


values found (<100 -m), correspond to the resistivity units "U2"
(with 38.3 -m) found in the RES 05, and in the VES termed as
RES 06, unit "U3" has resistivity values of 15.4 -m, but at a depth
of 9.1 m as the layer that overlies correponds to the values of
around around 190 -m.

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VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING


RES 05 Y 06

LOCATION OF VERTICAL ELETRICAL SOUNDINGS (RES 05 Y 06)


PLAN No. 01

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SYMBOLOGIES
COUSE LINE
L1 LINE ONE
L2 LINE TWO

VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING


RES 05 Y 06

LOCATION PLAN FOR THE VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDINGS GRID LINES


PLAN No. 2

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GEOLOGICAL MAP
PLAN No. 3

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ANNEX 1
RESISTIVITY CURVES AND MODELS

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RESISTIVITY CURVES AND MODELS (RES 05 Y 06)

RES 05

RES 06

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ANNEX

FIELD DATA.
RES 05

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RES 06

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GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

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PROJECT: INTERGEN ALTAMIRA COMPRESSION STATION

ANNEX D
PLATE LOADING TEST RESULTS

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PLATE LOADING TEST


1
JANUARY 01, 2013

REPORT :
DATE :
PLATE DIAMETER :

30.00 cm .

kc1=

3
2.33 kg/cm

STRAIN CONASTANT

0.01 m m

kc2=

3
176.84 kg/cm

kc3=

3
261.98 kg/cm

LOCATION :

INTERGEN COMPRESSION STATION ALTAMIRA (ACS) PLT 2 (TP-08)


VERTICAL

TYPE :

706.86
No.

STRAIN

LOAD
READING
kg

PRESSURE
kg/cm2

LOADING

UNLOADING

LOADING

UNLOADING

LOADING

UNLOADING

0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000

0.0
1.4
2.8
4.2
5.7
7.1
8.5
9.9
11.3
12.7
14.1

0.00
0.51
4.77
9.06
12.90
24.79
30.30
34.66
39.27
41.90
43.67

43.32
43.32
43.47
43.53
43.59
43.63
43.67
43.69
43.70
43.69
43.67

43.32
43.30
43.33
43.39
43.45
43.54
43.61
43.67
43.79
44.08
44.45

44.11
44.11
44.26
44.32
44.39
44.44
44.45
44.48
44.49
44.48
44.45

44.11
44.15
44.22
44.26
44.30
44.34
44.41
44.46
44.53
44.66
45.06

44.74
44.74
44.85
44.95
45.01
45.03
45.06
45.09
45.08
45.08
45.06

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

1 st CYCLE

2 nd CYCLE

3 rd CYCLE

STRESS-STRAIN GRAPH
16

Stress kg/cm2

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

15

20
Strain

25

30

35

40

45

50

mm

Figure 1 Plate loading test for PLT-1

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PLATE LOADING TEST


DATE :

1
JANUARY 26, 2013

REPORT :

PLATE DIAMETER :

30.00 cm .

kc1=

3
202.10 kg/cm

STRAIN CONASTANT

0.01 m m

kc2=

3
707.36 kg/cm

kc3=

3
428.70 kg/cm

LOCATION :

INTERGEN COMPRESSION STATION ALTAMIRA (ACS) PLT 1 (TP-09)


VERTICAL

TYPE :

706.86
No.

STRAIN

LOAD
READING
kg

PRESSURE
kg/cm2

LOADING

UNLOADING

LOADING

UNLOADING

LOADING

UNLOADING

0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000

0.0
1.4
2.8
4.2
5.7
7.1
8.5
9.9
11.3
12.7
14.1

0.00
0.02
0.04
0.13
0.23
0.30
0.36
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.64

0.10
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.26
0.27
0.43
0.54
0.64

0.10
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.33

0.07
0.07
0.10
0.15
0.18
0.23
0.24
0.28
0.27
0.30
0.33

0.07
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.19
0.23
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.36
0.39

0.01
0.01
0.12
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.37
0.39

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

1 st CYCLE

2 nd CYCLE

3 rd CYCLE

STRESS-STRAIN GRAPH
16

Stress kg/cm2

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

Strain

mm

Figure 1 Plate loading test for PLT-2


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ANNEX - E
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPORT

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STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS

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N

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TEST PITS

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PLATE LOADING TESTS

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ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

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PERIODIC MEASURING OF GROUND


WATER LEVEL

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