IEEEP CPD Workshop on

Transmission Grid Code

Salis Usman
Saturday, 24th January 2015

Personal Introduction
Salis Usman
Knowledge Worker
Electrical Engineer
IEEEP Fellow
Manager (Technical), National Transmission
and Dispatch Company (NTDC)
Research Fellow (Energy Efficiency), SAARC
Energy Centre, Islamabad
A social activist
Proud to be a learner

Why A CPD Course on Grid Code?

IEEEP is an engineers platform a think tank on

matters pertaining to Electrical & Electronics Engg.

At IEEEP, it is believed that the most important

regulatory instrument, the Grid Code, has not been

assigned sufficient priority by the stakeholders
including NEPRA (the Regulator) and NTDC, the
countrys premier transmission utility.

IEEEP has thus undertaken to sensitize the stake-

holders on the vitality of effective implementation

of Grid Code in the perspective of a competitive
power market in Pakistan.

How We Will Proceed?

A quick snapshot of the national grid

Share with you the background to Grid Code
Highlight the purpose and scope of Grid Code
Describe purpose & contents of each sub-code
Respond to concerns/questions about the Code
Brief on amendments to the Code
Propose the way forward with respect to the
implementation of the Code

NTDC: Existing Generation Mix

Wind Power Projects; 10600.00%; 0%

Hydel WAPDA; 690200.00%; 31%
Thermal IPPs; 870200.00%; 39%

Hydel IPPs; 19500.00%; 1%

Nuclear; 66500.00%; 3%

GENCOs; 567100.00%; 25%

Variation in Generation Mix

Year

Generation
Hydro

Thermal

Renewable

1994- 95

50%

50%

2000- 01

30%

70%

2006- 07

36%

64%

2012- 13

34%

66%

2013- 14

32%

67%

1%

Planned Generation Mix 2020-21

Solar 1000 3%
Wind 1650 5%
Nuclear 2880 8%

Import (GoP) 1000 3%

GENCOs 1650 5%
Thermal PPDB 3960 11%
IPPs Hydel 4277 12%

Thermal IPPs 8743 24%

WAPDA Hydel 10667 30%

Salient Features: NTDC Network

1. Longitudinal network: extends from North to South
2. Hydro generation mainly in Northern part, major

thermal gen. in South/lower mid part of network

3. Large load centers remote from major gen. sources
4. Seasonal variation in generation dispatch and power

flows:
Summer: Bulk power flows North to mid country
Winter: Bulk power flows South to mid
country/North

10

Pakistan National Transmission Grid

500/220 kV T/formers
(15,750 MVA)
220/132 kV T/formers
(18,231 MVA)
500 kV Lines (5,144 km)
220 kV Lines (8,358 km)

11

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Why the Grid Code?
be
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

The Context
Pakistan power sector reforms
Grid Code will play a key role
Grid Code - a landmark development
NTDCs contribution

13

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Restructuring of Power Sector

NTDC

IPPs

PC
C

CPPA

15

s
O
C
N
E
G

s
O
C
S
I
D

Residual
WAPDA

National Transmission & Dispatch Company

System
Operator
System
Protection

Design

16

Nationa
l
Transmi
ssion &
Dispatc
h
Compan
y
Transmi
ssion
Networ
k
Operat
or

Central
Power
Purchase
Agency

Contrac
ts
Registra
r &
Power
Exch.
Adminis
trator

Important Milestones
Expected in
near future

Launching of Competitive Power Market

Jan. 2009

Registered with Pakistan Security Exchange

Feb. 2004

Launching of purchase function of NTDC

Dec. 1998

Initiation of commercial operation by NTDC

Mar. 1958

Establishment of WAPDA

17

Why the Grid Code?

After restructuring, the existing practices,
rules, and procedures were needed to be
formalized and documented to guide code
participants on:
How will they connect to and use the grid?
What will be their roles and responsibilities?
How will their conduct be regulated?

18

Why the Grid Code?

Development of the Grid Code and compliance
with its provisions are mandatory.
Transmission License (Article 16) requires NTDC
to enforce, at all times, a Grid Code, which
meets the requirements under this article. The
Licensee shall implement and comply with the
provision of such Grid Code.

19

Legal and Regulatory Framework

NEPRA
Act
Licenses
GENCOs, Transco,
System Operator/Traders,
DISCOs

Grid Code,

Distribution Code, etc.

Contracts and Agreements
Connection and Inter-connection Agreements, Use of System
Agreement, Power Purchase Agreements, Wheeling Agreement,
System Services Agreements, etc.

20

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Development of Grid Code

An open, interactive, transparent, and
participatory approach was adopted
throughout the development process.

22

Code Design Criterion

1. Follow the common international pattern for grid codes;
2. Organize topics in a logical sequence;
3. Specify only what part; leave how part to users;
4. Prescribe only the high-level guiding framework and
5.
6.
7.
8.

principles;
Use international technical standards and utility best
practices for performance requirements;
Align requirements to the existing NTDC practices;
Focus exclusively on technical issues; and
Adopt consultative, transparent, and participatory
approach for the Codes development

23

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

What is Grid Code?

An interface document that legally
establishes the technical requirements
for the connection to and use of the
transmission system by various parties
in a non-discriminatory manner that
will ensure reliable, efficient and safe
operation.

25

What is its aim?

Make grids access and use:
1. Safe;
2. Reliable;
3. Economic;
4. Fair & Non-discriminatory; and
5. Transparent

26

What are its objectives?

1. Specify a formal mechanism for interaction;
2. Set rules and standards of performance;
3. Facilitate participants functioning
according to defined roles; and
4. Ensure smooth functioning of the
restructured power market

27

Who will it relate to?

1. Transmission Service Provider (NTDC);
2. Generators (GENCOs and IPPs);
3. Suppliers and Wheelers;
4. Distribution Entities (LESCO, GEPCO, etc.);
5. Directly Connected Customers; and
6. NEPRA

28

Grid Code and Distribution Code

29

How the Code is organized?

Code Definitions

Code Management

Data Registration

30

Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection and
Metering Code
Scheduling and
Dispatch Code

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Introduction
Guides users
on objectives,
contents,
and layout of
Code

32

Contextualizes the Code;

Lists its major objectives;
Summarizes major topics
and issues covered; and
Defines relationship
between the Grid Code and
the Distribution Code

Layout of the Code Provisions

Sub-Code

Section

OC 7. 2. 1
Clause

Sub-Section

Following an Event on the

System which has, in the
opinion of any Code
Participant is likely to have

Actual
Contents

33

an effect on its system, the

affected Code Participant
can declare the Event as a
Major Event.

Typical Layout of Contents

a. Starts by introducing what
the chapter contains;

Each
chapter/sub

b. Highlights the applicability

Code is

c. List the major objectives;

structured in
a typical style

d. Organizes provisions in a
thematic order; and
e. Layout of the provisions

Wherever possible, Grid Code provides

figures, flowcharts, appendices, and data

34

schedules to facilitate users.

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Code Management
Glue that
holds
different
parts of
Code
together

Clarification on critical legal

issues;
The Grid Code Supervisory
Committee (GCRP);

Amendment Process;
Code Management
Derogation Process;
Communication; and
Construction and interpretation

36

Code Management
Applicability;
Enforcement and Implementation;

Clarification
on Critical
Legal Issues

Settlement of Disputes;
Unforeseen Situations;
Suspension of Grid Code Provisions;
Illegality and Partial Invalidity; and
Force Majeure

37

Code Management
`

Grid Code
Review
Panel
(GCRP)

A stakeholder representative
panel;
To function according to an
approved constitution;
GCRPs composition; and
GCRPs functions

38

Grid Code Review Panel (GCRP)

NTDC

(3)

DISCOs
(10)

NEPRA
(1)

Chairman
(NTDC)
DCCs
(1)

39

Other
Stake
holders
(5)

Generators
(9)

Functions of GCRP
`

Keep the Code and its working under review

Review and recommend amendments to the
Code
Guide on Code implementation,
performance, and interpretation
Consider Code changes to combat any unforeseen circumstances as referred by NTDC

40

Review, recommend derogation from any Code

provision(s) for a requesting participant

Amendment/Derogation Process
Draft
proposal

Submitted
to GCRP

GCRP
consults
experts

GCRP
finalizes its
review

GCRP
recommends
to NEPRA

GCRP
takes
action

41

GCRP
informs
initiator

NEPRA
informs
GCRP

NEPRA
considers
and decides

Code Management
Communication
between the
NTDC and
Code
Participants

42

Contact persons for various

types of communication;
Acceptable mode and media
for communication Control
Telephony (Dedicated
Telephone Network)
Recording and archiving of
communication

Code Management
Construction
and

Grid Code to have precedence over

agreements;
Terms used will have defined
meanings;

Preface, Table of Contents,

interpretation
headings, and titles to be ignored;
Latest version of standards, laws,
and regulations to apply; and
Text to prevail over figures

43

Recap

Code Management
Defines the legal setting for Code
Defines composition and functions of GCRP
Establishes a procedure to seek: (i)
amendment to, or (ii) derogation, from Code
Specifies contact details for communication
Sets rules for interpreting the Codes
provisions

44

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Data Registration Code

Formalize data and
information
exchange procedure;
collate data
obligations at one
place

How data and information is

categorized?;
What data and information is
to be registered by users?;
When and how?; and

Data Registration
Code
Data and information
exchange schedules

46

Data Registration Code

Data Categories and Registration
#

Data Category

1.

Standard Planning Data

Planning Code

2.

Detailed Planning Data

Planning Code

3.

Operational Data

4.

Scheduling and Dispatch Data

5.

Connection Code Data

47

Code Reference

Operation Code
S & D Code
Connection Code

Data Registration Code

Data Exchange Procedure and Obligations
Code

To submit data to NTDC using specially

Participants designed schedules

NTDC

To develop and maintain a data bank

to store and retrieve operational data

To keep data and info for 5 years

Data and information must be auditable; &

NTDC and Code Participants to ensure
integrity of data and information system

48

Customized Data Schedules

Sch. #

Title of Data Schedule

Generating Unit Technical Data

Generating Planning Parameters Data

Generating Plants Outage Program Data

Independent Generating Plants Output Forecast

Users System Data

Users Outage Information

Load Characteristics

Connection Point Demand & Active Energy Data

Data Supplied by NTDC to Users

49

Recap

Data Registration Code

Establishes participants obligations and
responsibilities for data and information
exchange.
All data and information requirements
specified in other parts of the Code are
collated here.
Also provides formal schedules that
participants will use to exchange data and
information with each other.

50

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Operation Code
Facilitate
proper grid
operation
and
management

Operational Demand Forecasts;

Outage Planning;
System Services;
Operational Liaison;
Operational Communication;
Contingency Planning;
Demand Control;
System Restoration;
Testing and Commissioning; and
Safety Coordination

Operation Code

52

Operation Sub-Codes

53

1. OC1: Operating Objectives and Principles

2. OC2: Demand Forecasts
3. OC3: Demand Management
4. OC4: Operational Planning
5. OC5: Operation Margins
6. OC6: Operational Liaison
7. OC7: Event Information Exchange
8. OC8: System Recovery
9. OC9: Work Safety at the Interface
10. OC10: Plant Identification
11. OC11: System Tests

OC2-Operational Demand Forecast

Overview

Demand forecasting by NTDC for 5 years

prior to real time operation. Also describes
data requirements from users.

Specify demand and supply data that

users will provide to NTDC for
operational planning;

Objectives List the factors that NTDC will

consider for preparing operational
demand forecasts; and
Specify procedure that NTDC will
follow for this purpose.

54

Data Requirements
By end March
8 Weeks
before
Schedule Day
Day before
Schedule Day
Schedule Day

Next day

55

Planning
Phase
Programming
Phase
Control
Phase
Post Control
Phase

DISCOS and DCCs

5 years forecast of
active demand and
energy
DISCOs and DCCs
profile of demand
MW
NTDC
control
for theforecast
next 8
5-year demand
weeks on each Saturday
DISCOs and DCCs
NTDC
Demand changes due to
8-week
demand
forecast
any change
in the
plannedand
demand
DISCOs
DCCscontrol
NTDC
Actual demand control
day-ahead demand f.cast
carried out

Operational Demand Forecast

Other relevant
information

Historic demand
including losses

NTDC will prepare un-biased demand forecasts for

Demand
management
Socio-economic
the grid
using a sound forecast methodology,
by
Key
schedules
growth projections

considering the keydeterminants

demand determinants. These
forecasts will be used by the NTDC subsequently to
schedule and dispatch generation resources.

Embedded generating
unit/station schedules

56

Anticipated
major events
or activities

Weather forecasts

Outage Planning
1. Coordination and planning of scheduled
and un-scheduled outages
Generation units/stations
Transmission system
2. Execution of Outage Programs
Notification
Release for service
Return to service
Overruns

57

System Services
Users willing to provide system services will
enter into an agreement with NTDC:
1. Frequency Control;

Overview

2. Voltage Control;
3. Interruptible Load;
4. Operating Margin; and
5. Black Start
Describe frequency & voltage control rules;

Objectives Specify operating margin requirements; and

58

Specify requirements regarding black start

System Services
Operating
Margin
1. A suitable operating margin is maintained during the

Operating
Contingency
control
phase to deal with demand forecast
Reserve
Reserve

uncertainties and to safeguard against any sudden loss

in the period
Fully available
in 5 from
Must
realizable inPrimary Required
of be
generation.
Reserve
24 hours
ahead
down an
to real
seconds
following
real
time
to
contain
and
5-30
2. The additional output, readilytime,
available
to minutes
support
seconds
to 5 minutes
to90
cover
against
event.
correct
system
seconds
following
following
an
event.
following
event.
system
frequencySecondary
falling up to
a 15-90
defined
level.
uncertainties
in an
generation
an
event.
frequency deviation Reserve
to
and
also
against weather
3. Consists of:
1
demand
an acceptable level. Tertiary forecast andBand
Operating Reserve
Reserve forecast errors.
Band 2
Contingency Reserve

59

Operational Liaison
Overview

Close coordination between NTDC and

users required to avoid risk to grid or the
health of user plant or equipment.
Ensure coordination among grid

participants to maintain system integrity;

Objectives

Describe procedure to investigate any

significant incident with material

effects; and
Specify reports to be issued following a

significant incident

60

Operational Liaison
Significant Incidents
NTDC or a user will notify, ASAP, the occurrence of any
significant incidents.
Voltage outside acceptable limits
Frequency outside acceptable limits
Load disconnection
Islanding conditions
System instability

61

Operational Liaison
Significant Incident Reporting Procedure
NTDC or User
notifies significant incident

NTDC
investigates significant incident

User
presents periodic operation report

62

Operational Communication
Overview

Standard and efficient communication links

are vital for proper grid operation and
control.

Objectives Establish proper contact locations;

Specify the required communication

facilities;
Describe how information is to be

exchanged; and
Designate NTDC and user staff for

63

operational communication

Operational Communication
NTDC control center & user control center.;

Contact
locations

Systems
and
Equipment

64

Continuous updating required.;

Must be fully equipped; and
Communication to be kept confidential.

Must be compatible with NTDC systems;

and

User to provide suitable and fully

equipped links with backup.

Contingency Planning
Overview

Objective
Main
Features

65

NTDC will plan, with user help, to tackle

contingencies and emergencies on the
grid. NTDC will also organize necessary
training/ drills to improve preparedness.
Ensure, after breakdowns, supply is
restored as quickly & safely as practicable.
Periodic verification of plans via tests;
NTDC/DISCOs to conduct system
studies; &
Use of drills to improve staff
preparedness

Operational Demand Control

NTDC to ensure demand-supply balance.

Overview

NTDC to intimate users for any required

demand reduction during supply
shortfalls. NTDC to issue alerts to notify
contingencies and expected response.

Objective

66

Put in place a formal mechanism for

demand management; and
Use of standard alerts to forewarn
users of anticipated demand control
actions

Work Safety At Interface

Overview

Prescribes the procedure to be used by

participants to work on or around
connection point (isolation &/or grounding).

Objective

Establish rules and procedures to ensure

safety of life and equipment during work.

Safety
Rules

NTDC and user will exchange and agree

on safety rules for each connection point.

Safety Reps

67

Each party will designate its safety

representative on Site Responsibility
Schedule.

Operational Testing
Overview

Specifies responsibilities of grid

participants and establishes a formal
procedure for conducting operational
tests.
Minimize undesirable effects of
operational tests on the grid;

Objectives

68

Ensure adequate safety and security of

system, equipment, life, and property;
and
Establish a proper and formal procedure
for conducting operational tests

Operational Testing
Operational test may be conducted by

NTDC at its own or on a users request;

NTDC will appoint a test coordinator and

form a test group having representatives

from test proponent and affected users;

Process
and
Test group will develop a test program in
Procedure

consultation with NTDC and affected users;

and

On successful completion, test proponent

will prepare test report and share it with

NTDC, affected users, and group members.

69

System Tests
Overview

Objective

70

Establishes a procedure to enable

NTDC to conduct testing on user plant
and equipment to monitor or verify
performance.
To confirm that user performance
conforms to the agreed standards and
limits.

Recap

Operating Code
Designed to ensure safe, secure, stable and
economic operation of the grid.
To formalize rights and obligations of
participants on key operational issues
Topics covered are demand forecasts,
outage planning, communication and liaison,
contingency planning, system services,
operational testing, and safety
coordination.

71

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Connection Code
Formalize and
standardize
access and use of
grid to ensure
safe and reliable
operation

Basic Terms & Conditions;

Grid Connection Process;
Transmission System
Performance;
User System Performance; and

Connection
Code
Site Related
Conditions

73

Connection Code: Purpose & Aims

Provides the framework for connection to the NTDC
grid System. It has primarily the following aims:
Define the uniform principles and guidelines for
establishing a connection to and use of network
Establish process for a prospective code
participant to establish or modify grid connection
Manage and prepare the system and the
connection point for the new grid participant
As per this Code, all existing and potential users
are required to enter into a connection agreement.

74

Grid Connection Process

User applies
for Connection

No

Application
evaluated by NTDC

Application
acceptable?

Yes

NTDC conducts Grid

Impact Studies

No
Offer
Connection Yes
accepted by
Agreement
the User
signed

Offer of
Connection
issued

Project
documents
prepared

Readiness
to connect
statement

Completion
of user
development
Energization

75

Technical
Completion
Certificate

No

Additional
study
required?
Yes

Transmission System Performance

Specify Design
and operation
standards for
NTDC and
Users at
connection
points

76

Connection Code specifies standards

to govern performance of :
NTDC; and
Generators, DISCOs, DCCs

Ultimately, all participants are to

follow Transmission System
Performance Standards for the
National Grid.

Requirements for Generators

Capability to supply rated power at rated frequency
Step-up transformer and auxiliaries
Speed governor system
Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system
Power system stabilizer and VAR limiter
Protection requirements
Low voltage fault ride through capability

77

Standards for DISCOs & DCCs

Under
frequency
Reactive
load
shedding compensation
Grounding

78

Location of
reactive
equipment

Site Related Conditions

Plant owner is responsible for equipment O&M
NTDC safety rules on most connection sites
On sites with special risks, User safety rules also
To be specified by the NTDC on plant and apparatus
at the connection point
Numbering & labeling included at operational diagram
Operating procedure should be followed for changes
Should be prepared using standard format/procedure
Final approved drawings issued by NTDC
SRC to be developed/issued for each site
SRC list of responsibilities for plant and apparatus at
connection point
Guidelines for preparing SRC provided in Code

79

O & M and
Safety
Numbers
and
Nomenclature
Drawings and
Diagrams
Site
Responsibility
Schedule

Recap

Connection Code
Terms & conditions for grid access
and use
Grid connection process
Performance standards for
participants
Site Related Conditions

80

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Planning Code
Ensure
timely and
adequate
planning and
development
of the grid

Grid Planning Responsibility;

Planning Process;
Data Requirements;
Data Classification;
Data Submission and Consolidation;
Planning Criteria and Standards;

Planning Code
Planning Studies; and
Planning Output

82

Grid Planning
NTDC will have the primary responsibility;
Responsibility & grid participants to cooperate with
NTDC
Collect data (in standard format);

Process

Verify and consolidate planning data;

Use Planning Criteria/Standards;
Perform requisite planning studies;
Prepare 5 years forecast statement; &
Prepare Transmission Development Plan

83

Planning Data
Requirements
NTDC will conduct planning studies using grid planning
data supplied by users both before connection to the
grid, and also afterwards at regular intervals.
Project Planning
Data

Detailed Planning
Data

Planning Data

Standard Planning
Data

Standard schedules will be used for exchange of data.

84

Planning Studies
Planning
Studies

NTDC will conduct different planning studies to

develop reports/plans including following:
Transmission Forecast Statement
Transmission Development Plan

Planning
Criteria
and
Standards

To determine future capacity needs and allied

capital outlays, NTDC will use approved
Planning Criteria and Standards aimed at the
following:
To ensure specified reliability levels
during routine operation as well as during
contingencies; and
Standards to be adhered to during normal
operation as well as contingency situations.

85

Planning Output
Transmission Forecast Statement
NTDC will use standard tools and
techniques;
Analysis of salient demand
drivers like economic growth
historical demand patterns,
weather, and other special
developments; and
National as well as individual
DISCOs forecasts included

86

Planning Output
Transmission Development Plan
For evaluation of grid augmentation projects and
assessment of system behaviour under normal and
contingency conditions, NTDC will develop TDP by
considering:
Demand forecasts & expected gen. additions/
retirements;
Required size, location, and timing of new capacity
needs; and
Fulfillment of the Planning Criteria and Standards
NTDC will update planning output annually.

87

Recap

Planning Code
Provides a coordinating platform to
participants for grid planning and
development.
NTDC will have the lead role.
Users will support the NTDC by timely
supplying the planning data.
NTDC will prepare/issue forecast
statements & transmission development
plans.

88

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Protection & Metering Code

Provide accurate
and reliable
metering systems
for electricity
flow through the
grid

Metering Responsibility;
Metering Point, Parameters,
and Equipment;
Data Storage and
Availability;

Protection
&
Applicable Standards;
TestingCode
and Certification; &
Metering
Meter Reconciliation

90

Protection Perspective
Code Participants to furnish, for NTDC review and

approval, proposed settings of the relays of their

facilities.

NTDC shall provide its Transmission System data

to the User to determine the relay settings.

NTDC will witness and inspect Users site

installation before starting integrated operation

with NTDC Transmission System.

Code Participants are required to submit certified

test reports to NTDC, and have NTDC witness the

tests specified in the Code.

91

Protection of Power System Equipment

1. A primary protection scheme & backup protection

scheme shall be provided for each Users System.

2. Users shall provide protection for the following:

. 220 kV and 500 kV grid station bus bars
. 220 kV and 500 kV transformers lines
. Transformers
. Generators
. Circuit Breakers
. 132 kV DISCO grid station and BPC facilities
. 132 kV transmission lines; and

92

. Grid Station auxiliary systems

Who is Responsible for What?

C
D
T
N

s
r
e
Us

93

Ensure proper and standard metering

facilities at all metering points;
Own and operate meters upon installation;
Collect and manage metering information; &
Ensure that metering facilities are installed
and maintained in a proper manner.
Install certified metering equipment on
each metering point;
Demonstrate that equipment conforms to
applicable standards; and
Provide relevant information to NTDC

Metering Perspective
Connection point will be the metering
t
point; and
n
i
o
P
g
n
i
r
e
Metering
et could vary if mutually agreed.
Mpoint
Active and reactive demand and energy

s
r
e
t
e
P a ra m

(separate and in both directions);

g
n
i
r
e
t
Me

Power flow in all the quadrants; and

Peak demand in quarter-hourly periods

t
n
e
m
p
i
u
q
E
g
n
i
r
e
electric
cables,
wires,
devices, etc.
Me t

Meters; CTs/PTs; lightening protection;

94

Metering Data Storage

Name and unique identifier number
Date of installation
Commissioning date with documents

g
n
g
i
n
r
i
e
r
eette e
M
M baasse
aab
t
a
t
DDa

Relevant connecting parties

Date of energization
Fault, repair, and maintenance history
Telephone numbers to retrieve
information
Type of the meter
Calibration certificates

95

Metering Data Availability

NTDC to keep metering data for at least 5 years
Data to be treated as confidential
NTDC may give access to relevant user or NEPRA only
Electronic data transfer for all metering systems
Any on-site meter reading in presence of concerned parties

Data retrieval to be a secure process

NTDC to validate/substitute metering data on monthly basis

96

Metering Code
Metering
Standards
Testing and
certification

Date
Reconciliation

97

Metering systems to conform to standards

specified in Code/relevant agreement.
Meters, and CTs and PTs to be tested for
accuracy at installation and also at defined
intervals; and
NTDC may conduct tests on metering
equipment at its own or on users request.
NTDC will reconcile metered data monthly
to ensure accuracy of metering equipment.
Any noted discrepancy will be investigated
and rectified through suitable remedial
action.

Recap

Protection & Metering Code

Establishes requirements for measuring of
electricity flow through the grid.
Sets minimum design & operational standards
for metering & protection systems.
Details on how facilities are to be accessed,
maintained, and/or repaired.
Requires monthly reconciliation to ensure
meters proper and accurate functioning.

98

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Scheduling and Dispatch Code

Maintain strict
supply-demand
balance; ensure
system
reliability and
quality of
supply

Scheduling
o Generation Declarations;
o Generation Nominations; and
o Preparation/Issuance of daily
Schedule
Dispatch
o Dispatch Instructions for
Generators; and
o Dispatch Instructions for

Scheduling
and
other Users
Dispatch
Code

100

Special Actions and Special

Notices

Scheduling
Generation
Declarations

Nominations

101

Generators will notify to NTDC for each

unit:
Availability, unavailability, initial
conditions, maximum possible
increase in output, and any changes
to primary or secondary response
Generators will also nominate their
expected supply for the next schedule
day.

Generating Block/Unit Declaration

Primary
and
secondary
response
X-tics

Generating
unit
availability

Availability Notice
Generating
unit
un-availability

Maximum
increase
in output

102

Generating
unit initial
conditions

Loading
rates
Rundown rates
with MW
breakpoints

groups

103

De-loading
rates

Inflexibility

n
o
i
t
a

r
a
l
c
Run-up
e De-sync
Scheduling
D
rates with
t
i
intervals
MW breakn
Parameters
points
U
g
n
i
t
a
r
Duty
e
nSynchronizing
cycle
e
MW
limitations
G
Minimum
on time

interval

Basic Data

Scheduling
Preparing of
Generation
Schedules

NTDC will develop daily schedule;

Last valid set of scheduling and dispatch

parameters for GUs to be utilized;

NTDC will schedule only the declared GUs; &
If a declared GU does not send nomination,
NTDC using its previous information.
NTDC to issue generation schedule for the

Issuance of
Generation
Schedule

104

following schedule day by15:00 hours daily;

and
Issuance of generation schedule may be
delayed to reflect any incidents on grid.

Generation Scheduling Process

10:00 Hours

Declaration/
nomination
by generators

Day ahead of Scheduled Day 15:00 Hours

Preparation of
generation
schedule

Special actions by
generators

Parameters
revision by
generators

Yes
NTDC
receives
before
15:00 hours

105

of generation
schedule

Issuance of
generation
schedule

No

Special actions by
DISCO/
directly-connected
customer

Negative minimum
demand regulation
Notice of inadequate
operating margin

Revision of
generation
schedule

Dispatch
Dispatch
Active power: To increase or decrease
Instructions MW.
(Generators) Reactive power: To maintain reactive
resources and voltage profile.
Synchronizing and De-synchronizing: To
ask to synchronize or de-synchronize.
Instructions may also be issued to:

106

maintain operating reserve;

provide system service(s);

change to/from secondary control mode;

and

conduct operational tests

Dispatch Process
Revised
instructions

Mutual
discussions

Dispatch
instructions
by NTDC

Instructions
accepted?
Yes

Instructions to
synchronize/
de-synchronize

107

Dispatch Instructions for Generators

Generator
synchronizes
Power
dispatch
Operation
mode dispatch
Parameters
changes

No

No

Can
Yes
generator
synchronize in
10 min?

Additional
instructions
System
emergency
conditions

Generator
achieves
target
NTDC
is
informed
Generator
complies with
instructions

Dispatch Process
Dispatch Instructions for
DISCOs and Directly-connected Customers
Demand
reduction,
disconnection,
restoration
Dispatch
instructions
by the NTDC

Load transfer
between
connection
points
Switching in
load
shedding
scheme

108

NTDC is
informed

Any
unforeseen
problems?

No

Entity
achieves
target

Yes

Mutually
discuss/
resolve

Revised
instructions

Dispatch

Special
Actions

Special
Notices

109

NTDC may require special actions from users

after issuing generation schedule.
Generators
A load change; and
A change of required notice to synchronize
DISCOs and DCCs
Load transfers between connection points;
and
Demand control
Negative Minimum Demand Regulation; and
Notification of Inadequate Operating

Margin

Generation Dispatch
Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR)
In order to counter the loss of the largest secured
system demand, synchronized generating units
should essentially be capable of reducing their
output accordingly. The NTDC will monitor the level
of NMDR.
In case of low NMDR, the NTDC will approach the
relevant generator to improve the NMDR level
according to the procedure defined in the
Scheduling and Dispatch Code.

110

Generation Dispatch
Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin (NIOM)
In order to asses the sufficiency of operating margin,
the NTDC will regularly monitor the output data of
the generation schedule against forecast demand.
In anticipation of low operating margin, through
NIOM and revised NIOMs, the NTDC will notify each
generator and distribution entity about the low level
and time period of the anticipated instance.

111

Recap

Scheduling and Dispatch Code

Defines responsibilities and obligations of
participants regarding balancing of supply
and demand on the grid.
Defines how NTDC will prepare and issue
generation schedules.
Describes dispatch instructions that NTDC
will issue to participating users.
Special actions that may be required.
Special notices that may be issued.

112

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Rationale for the Grid Code
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Code Definitions
Maintain
clarity and
consistency of
meaning, and
ensure
uniform
interpretation

11

Lists and defines terms

used in the Code that have
specialized meaning;
Initial letter of all such
terms appear in uppercase
in the Code; and
Examples: Business Day,
Dispatch Unit, Operating
Margin, etc.

Grid Code Addendumscontd.

Grid Code Addendum 1:
Approved in April 2010
Covers the relevant Grid Code Regulation Grid
Integration of Wind Power Plants.
Several Wind Power Plants including FFC, ZORLU,
FWEL are already operating under this Addendum.
Initially sets a maximum of 5% of Wind Power as a
percentage of the total grid connected Installed
Power.

115

Grid Code Addendumscontd.

Grid Code Addendum 2:
Approved in June 2014
Covers the relevant Grid Code Regulation for Grid
connected Photovoltaic and Concentrated Solar
Power Plants.
No PV or CSP power plant can be connected to the
grid except prior permission by NEPRA to enable
the regulator to keep total Grid Connected PV/CSP
power capacity within allowed limits.

116

Grid Code Addendums

Currently a study is under way to determine
the maximum upper limit of the total power
from Wind and Solar Power Plants in the Grid.

117

Roadmap for Code Implementation

Code
Web Portal

User Guide
Support
for
Users

Trans.
Regulation
Department
in NTDC

118

GCRP
Code
Workshops

What we covered today?

A quick snapshot of the national grid

Share with you the background to Grid Code

Highlight the purpose and scope of Grid Code
Describe purpose & contents of each sub-code
Respond to concerns/questions about the Code
Brief on amendments to the Code
Propose the way forward with respect to the
implementation of the Code

119

Overview
A
G
E
N
D
A

Inside
the Code

The Context
Why the Grid Code?
Development Process
Grid Code at a glance
Introduction
Code Management
Data Registration Code
Operation Code
Connection Code
Planning Code
Protection & Metering Code
Scheduling & Dispatch Code
Code Definitions

Questions and Discussion

Thanks

122

Grid Connection Process

Application
evaluated by NTDC

Application
acceptable?
Yes

No

Revisions
suggested
by NTDC

User
accepts?
No
Meeting to
resolve
dispute

Yes

Revisions
made by
the User
Yes
Dispute
resolved?
No
User may
approach
GCRP

123

Grid Connection Process

NTDC conducts Grid
Impact Studies

Yes

Yes
Additional
study
required?

Yes

User
agrees
to pay

Discussions
to resolve
No the dispute

No

No
User may
approach
GCRP

124

Dispute
resolved?

Grid Connection Process

Offer
accepted
by the User

No

NTDC and user

meet to
resolve the issue

Yes
Yes
Issue resolved

No
User may
approach GCRP

125

Frequency Variations
Deviation State

Permissible Range
(Hz)

Frequency Sensitive Mode

49.8 to 50.2

Tolerance Frequency Band

49.5 to 50.5

Contingency Frequency Band

49.4 to 50.5

126

Voltage Limits
Voltage
Level

Normal Condition
+8% to -5%

N -1 Condition
+10% to -10%

(kV)
500 kV

540

475

550

450

220 kV

238

209

245

198

132 kV

143

125

145

119

127

Grid Planning
Load Flow studies: Measuring the system
nodal voltages, power flow on lines/circuits
and across transformers, and system losses
for normal and contingency conditions.

Planning
Studies

Short Circuit studies: Determining the

short level at various points/ locations of
the network (for balance and un-balanced
system faults).

Transient Stability studies: Assessing the

network performance and strength to reachieve its balance/ synchronism after
Continued
being subject to fault/disturbance.

128

Grid Planning
Steady State Stability studies
Investigating the behavior of network
subject to routine loading and disturbances
Voltage Stability studies

Planning
Studies

Defining tendency of the power system

to maintain the acceptable voltage after

either subject to disturbance or fault or
by tripping of line or load; and

Assessing networks reactive power

Continued

129

margin/ deficiency to determine the

shunt capacitor requirement/ reactive
power support.

Grid Planning
Electromagnetic Transient studies

Planning
Studies

Looking into high speed transient due to

switching of EHV line, load reduction,
energizing of transformer, EHV capacitor
switching, lightening phenomena, GIS
switching etc.
Reliability studies

130

Assessing of system reliability via indices

like LOLE or un-served energy due to
supply demand variations including loss of
system elements.