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3. Converging.
2. Laterally inverted
3. Virtual Image
Curved Reflectors.
Curved Mirrors are parts of spherical surfaces.
There are two types
1.
Concave Mirror
Convex Mirror
= f
= f focal length
f
=
focal length
r radius of curvature
r
2
NOTES
1. A REAL image is formed by the actual intersection of
reflected rays.
2. A VIRTUAL image is one formed by the apparent
intersection of reflected rays when their directions have
been produced backwards.
3. The principle of reversibility states that light will follow
exactly the same path if its direction of travel is reversed.
If a light ray travels from A to B along a path it will travel
from B to A back along the same path in the reverse
direction.
4. The direction joining any point on the mirror to the point
c (the center of curvature ) is the Normal to the mirror at
that point.
5. All angles are measured relative to the Normal.
Using the above rules we may now easily find the images
formed by a concave mirror.
Image is
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
2. Object at F
Image is at infinity
Image is
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Beyond C
Real
Inverted
Larger than object
4. Object at C
Image is
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
At C
Real
Inverted
Same size as object
5. Object beyond C
Image is
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Between F and C
Real
Inverted
Smaller than object
6. Object at infinity
Image
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
At F
Real
Inverted
Smaller than object
Virtual
Upright
Smaller than object
Summary Mirrors
Concave
a)Distant
object
Real
Inverted
Smaller than object
At F
b) Object
beyond C
Real
Inverted
Smaller
Between C and F
c) Object at C
Real
Inverted
Same size as object
At C
d) Object
between C
and F
e) Object
between F
and P
f) Object at F
Real
Inverted
Larger
Beyond C
Virtual
Erect
Larger than object
Behind mirror
No image
Reflected rays
are parallel
and P
MIRROR EQUATION
All distance values are measured with the mirror as the origin
i.e. the pole P We use the following symbols
u = distance from the object to the mirror
v = distance from the image to the mirror
f = focal length distance from focus to mirror
For a spherical mirror it can be proved that
1 1 1
u v
f
v
height of image
height of object
u