Flow Assurance using

Life of Field Simulations

DEFT
Normalized

Well Image
responses vs.

Response distribution over selected DEFT channels

for all selected depths.

MD

1693
1695

400

1696
31.35-33

1699

26.4-28.05

1701

24.75-26.4
23.1-24.75

1702

21.45-23.1

1704

19.8-21.45
18.15-19.8

1705

16.5-18.15
14.85-16.5

1707

13.2-14.85

1708

11.55-13.2
9.9-11.55

1710
1711

350

29.7-31.35
28.05-29.7

300

250

Counts [-]

1698

200

150

8.25-9.9
6.6-8.25
4.95-6.6

100

3.3-4.95
1713
1714
1716

1.65-3.3
0-1.65

50

0
3.7

1717
1719

7.4

11.1

14.8

Frequency

18.5

ranges

22.2
[Hz]

25.9

29.6

33.3

More

1720

Through Field Life

Appraisal

Field
development

Engineering

Operation

Reservoir diagnostics

Concept evaluations

M/E balances

Production allocation

Well performance

Drilling schedule

Design

Production optimization

Remedial actions

Drainage strategy

Accidental analysis

What-if scenarios

Yggdrasil as

Design parameters

Identify bottlenecks

Transient

Tie-back evaluations

Flow Assurance in Every Phase

Appraise

Reservoir behaviour
Well performance

Field developement

Concept evaluation
Drilling schedule
Drainage strategy
Flow assurance

Engineering
Well performance
Flow line sizing
Gas lift benefit
VFP tables
Thermal insulation
Shut down times
Flare volumes
Liquid disposal

Multidiscipline
Consistent use of data

METTE

Optimize production
Model matching
Production allocation
Forward predictions

Yggdrasil as

Operation
Cash profiles
Differential income
Production phasing
Design parameters

Well delierability
Reservoir diagnostic
Remedial actions

M/E balances
Design
Accidental analysis

Production optimization
Value of debottlenecking
What-if scenarios
Tie-back evaluations
Well deliverability
Forecasting
History matching

Integrated System Analysis

Result storage
From network simulation process:
Well phase guide rates
Well open / close commands
Well intervention commands
Production/service
network simulation
process

Reservoir
simulation
processes
From res. Sim. processes:
Well phase fractions
Flowing bottom hole pressure
IPR data
Regularities
Result storage

Result storage

Yggdrasil as

Define System Parameters

Define and execute multiple scenarios.

Define external processes
Set interfacing networks

Implement run time events

Time series for parameters
Pig tracing and hold-up

Define network topologies and controller components.

Parameterization of wells and flow lines.
Define location of sensors and active components.
Component parametrizations
(chokes, pumps,
sources, compressors ...)

Yggdrasil as

Parametrizations
well and flow
line walls.

Fluid property/rheology
data for wells, flow lines
and mass sources.

Well Description

Yggdrasil as

Production Network

Yggdrasil as

Gas Lift Distribution

Yggdrasil as

A More Complex Network

Yggdrasil as

Gas Lift

Yggdrasil as

Insulation Effects

Yggdrasil as

Simulation Events
EVENTSERIES
LABEL = "WELL_OPEN"
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20200101 )
WELLOPEN DELAY = 0 DAYS BRANCH P1" P2" P3" P4"
END_IF
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20200217 )
WELLOPEN DELAY = 0 DAYS BRANCH P5"
MAX GRAT = 1 MSm3/D BRANCH P1 P2 P3
END_IF
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20200403 )
WELLOPEN DELAY = 0 DAYS BRANCH P6"
END_IF
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20200526 )
WELLOPEN DELAY = 0 DAYS BRANCH P7 S1
END_IF

EVENTSERIES
LABEL = "PPLAN"
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20200101 )
TARGET ORAT = 11000 GROUP FIELD
MAX LRAT = 25000 GROUP FIELD
MAX WRAT = 20000 GROUP FIELD
SET GROUPEFF = 0.96 GROUP FIELD
SET WELLEFF = 0.98 BRANCH P1 P2 P3
SET WELLEFF = 0.98 BRANCH P4 P5 P6 P7
SET WELLEFF = 0.96 BRANCH S1
SET MAXPOWER = 5 MW ITEM BOOST BRANCH SPOOL
TARGET POUT = 35 BARA BRANCH MANIFOLD
END_IF
IF ( GROUP FIELD ORATPOT <= 5000 SM3/D )
TARGET POUT = 15 BARA BRANCH MANIFOLD
END_IF
END_EVENTSERIES

END_EVENTSERIES
EVENTSERIES
LABEL = GL_PPLAN
NETWORKS = GASLIFT
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD > 20200101 )
TARGET POUT = 150 BARA BRANCH GL_MANIFOLD"
TARGET TOUT = 60 C BRANCH GL_MANIFOLD"
END_IF
END_EVENTSERIES
EVENTSERIES
LABEL = SINGLE_LINE
IF( GROUP FIELD GRAT < 1 MSm3/D )
SET FACTOR = 1 - BRANCH SPOOL" ITEM "MUL"
SET FACTOR = 1 - BRANCH MANIFOLD" ITEM "MUL
END_IF
END_EVENTSERIES

Yggdrasil as

EVENTSERIES
LABEL = "RECONFIGURE"
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20250823)
NEWCONFIG FILE = P3_ST.bch" BRANCH P3"
NEWCONFIGPVT FILE = "PVT_ST.bch" BRANCH P3"
END_IF
END_EVENTSERIES
EVENTSERIES
LABEL = "REOPEN_WELLS"
TYPE = STATIC
IF(TIME ABSOLUTE YMD >= 20270101 AND TIME DELTA DAYS >= 365 )
WELLOPEN DELAY = 0 DAYS BRANCH P3" P5" P7"
END_IF
END_EVENTSERIES

Which Plateau?

Yggdrasil as

Effect of Tubing Size

Yggdrasil as

Power Consumption

Yggdrasil as

Base Case Key Data

Yggdrasil as

Regularity Impact

Yggdrasil as

Life Time Variations

Yggdrasil as

Practical Use Execution Times

Yggdrasil as

Virtual Metering
Qgas

Oil and/or water and/or

gas flows are free
variables.
Minimize object function
defined by differences
in measured and
calculated quantities:
Y Yi ,C
wi i , M

Yi , M

Vector search path

Phase flows reflect

minimum in object
function.
Object function may
reflect well, flow line or
network of same.

Yggdrasil as

Object function
as spatial surface

Qoil

Qwater

Field Production Management

Automated extraction
of production data

Filtering
- Semiautomatic removal
of spurious data

Parameter tuning based on

reference data.
- Semiautomatic adjustment
of correction factors
Update calibration settings

Calculate flows
from measured data

Merge well
production data to
history database

History match reservoir

models from calculated
and measured parameters

Production optimization providing valve

set points, lift gas usage...

Yggdrasil as

Do it Anywhere

Yggdrasil as