6.

1 Single Phase System

Description of 1 ph

● Wiring
Specification

Exercise Assignment

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n Pengenalan

Pembahagian merupakan
pembekal tenaga daripada
sistem penghantaran kepada
pencawang - utama dan
pencawang kecil kepada
pelbagai pengguna.

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 SISTEM KUASA PEMBAHAGIAN

U/G & O/H

11kV 33kV

TRANSMISSION 33kV
LINE

POWER 12 kV 132kV
STATION

132kV 11kV
U/G & O/H
PE
PE
415V/240V 415V/240V
DISTRIBUTION
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Stesan
Kuasa
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Single-phase electric power refers to the distribution
of electric power using a system in which all the
voltages of the supply vary in unison.

Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly

lighting and heating, with few large electric motors.

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The generation of AC electric power is commonly three
phase, in which the waveforms of three supply
conductors are offset from one another by 120°.

Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems

are either 50 or 60 Hz.

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A single-phase load may be powered from a
three-phase distribution system either by
connection between a phase and neutral.
In places using a 415 volt 3 phase system, the
phase-to-neutral voltage is 240 volts, allowing
single-phase lighting to be connected phase-to
ground and three-phase motors to be connected
to all three phases.

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Single-phase power distribution is widely
used especially in rural areas, where the
cost of a three-phase distribution
network is high and motor loads are
small and uncommon.

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Click to edit Master text styles
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Standard voltage for :-
a. Low Voltage – Exceed low overvoltage but
not exceeding
i. 1000Vac @ 1500Vdc between conductor.
ii. 600Vac @ 900Vdc @ between conductor &
ground.
b. Low voltage agreed at the national level -
i. 240V – Single phase
ii. 415V – 3 phase 4 wire.

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 Distribution Board
• An assembly containing switching or
protective devices such as fuses, residual
current operated devices associated with
one or more incoming circuit, together
with terminals for the neutral and
protective circuit conductors.

• Functions :

1. Low voltage electric power distribution

point.
2. Protection for output circuit.
3. To cut supply efficiently if any
corruption ™‫ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻈﺎﻡ‬
 DISTRIBUTIO
MAIN SUPPLIER N BOARD
UNIT MAIN CONSUMER
UNIT
UNIT kWh
PEMOTONG METER MAIN SWITCH

SERVICE FUSE EARTH LEAKAGE

CURRENT BREAKER
NEUTRAL
CONNECTOR MINIATURE CIRCUIT
BREAKER

Miniature distribution box

assembly™‫ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻈﺎﻡ‬
 SUPPLIER MAIN UNIT

Install outside the building at the wall

surface / premise entrance wall.
Easy to be check by the TNB - purposes
of the bill @ supply cutting .
Contain of :
Service Fuse
(Fius Perkhidmatan)
Cutting Unit
Meter kWj Neutral connector
(Penyambung Neutral)
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 SERVICE FUSE AND Pictur

NEUTRAL CONNECTOR
e

Connected to the main supply inlet

To the phase conductor.
To protect user main circuit.
To makesure the current across not
exceed the max. limit.
Fuse will blow / open cct if
overcurrent occurred.
Using catridge type of fuse. HOME
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‫ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻈﺎﻡ™‬
 Meter kWj

To measure amount of energy/

power that have been used by the
consumer in a certain time of
period.

Fixed with cutter unit at the

installation main board.

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 Distribution Box

Use to distribute main power supply to

final cct @ to sub distribution fuse box.

Contain of life, neutral & earth supply.

Each connection have separate fuse or
cct breaker.
The box structure is made of pvk/
plastic
& metal.

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The present fuse box – distribution fuse box
miniature type that made with plastic material @
long lasting pvk material. It is also attach with
transparent cover that allowed the user to
observe the fuse arrangement / cct breaker.
The main fuse , earth leakage cct breaker &
fuse / cct breaker (CB) is assemble in miniature
form.
Every parts is assemble / arrange in one line form.

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 Main Component
1. Miniature main Switch (Onload switch
Click to editfuse)
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Power inlet source is from down side of the main switch.

Power outlet source is from up side of the main switch.
It is in cartridge type. Rate should same with the external fuse
Able to be disassemble via the transparent cover.
Assembly method - by clipping the main switch to the bar
area.

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 2. Earth Leakage Cct Breaker
(ELCB)
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Second level
● Third level

● Fourth level

● Fifth level

ELCB is a device that protect consumer from electric shock.

This gadget must be fitted in every alectric assembly.
If the leakage current is higher than the max spec limit,
the switch will be automatically OFF for protection.
Push the ‘T’ small switch to check the RCCB reliability.
For maintenance, this switch need to be check every
month to make sure it is in good condition.
• ELCB is a device with two earth
terminals used to directly detect currents
leaking to earth from an installation and
cut the power.

• They were mainly used on TT earthing

systems.

• By having the assumption of the

presence of current in the earth line, it
means there is any leaking current from
the main incoming live cable, thus the
power has to be cut off to ensure the
safety.
• State of ELCB when it cuts the power
is
called tripped. Every time the ELCB
tripped,
we can reset it back (connect back
the power
line) by resetting the trip button.
• Nowadays, they have been almost
totally replaced by Residual-current
device (RCD) due to a number of
problems:

a. They cannot detect earth faults

that do not go through the earthing
system.
 b. They do not allow a system to be easily
split
into multiple sections with
independent fault
protection, due to the fact that
earthing
systems are usually bonded to
things like
pipework.

c. They may be tripped by external

voltages on
something connected to the
earthing system such as metal pipes, a HOME
 3. Miniature Cct Breaker (MCB)
Overcurrent  The value should be higher than the current capacity in the
cct.
Overcurrent effect  the insulator/ conductor will be damage & can cause
fire.
Rated current not more than 100A.
Thermal @ thermal magnetic operation

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1. Actuator lever - used to
manually trip & reset the cctt
breaker. Also indicates the status
(On @ Off/tripped).
2. Actuator mechanism - forces
the contacts together @ apart.
3. Contacts - Allow current to flow
when touching and break the flow
of current when moved apart.
4. Terminals
5. Bimetallic strip
6. Calibration screw - allows the
manufacturer to precisely adjust
the trip current of the device after
assembly.
7. Solenoid
8. Arc divider / extinguisher
Use as a protector that is in 2 mode :-
a. Over current protector – Bi-metal method
b. Failure/ Damage protector – Solenoid method
If the S/C or O/C occur, MCB will automatically OFF.
MCB can be set to ON by push the ON button.
Several type of current for MCB can be use at the final
wiring cct depand to the appropriate condition such as : -
Lighting cct  6A
- Power cct  16A
- Power cct  20A
1 MCB only can be connected to one small cct.

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 Normal
position
Bi Metal strip
breaker ON
bending, about to
Contacts
trip
opening, arc
Arc is
forming
extinguished
Contacts
, hot gas
fully
exist open

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Miniature distribution box assembly
The picture shows how the main fuse, RCCB and MCB
assemble together in the miniature distribution box.
The box size is categorized by the ‘WAY’ term. i.e. 10
way, 12 way, 15 way, & etc.
The higher the no, the bigger the size will be.
This means the quantity of MCB can be add depend
to the box size.
Size available in market :
- 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21 & 24.

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Picture shown the cct diagram of ‘unit pepotong’
( service fuse, neutral connector &
power meter ) with the user distribution box
( main switch, ELCB & MCB )
 How to check the fuse box?
1. Fuse give protection by cutting the flow of
current in the cct if O/C or fault occur.
2. When the S/C @ O/L occur, fuse in the cct
will open the cct.
3. To get the supply back, we need to change
the fuse.
4. Turn off @ dissamble all the equipment that
connected to the cct.
5. Change to the new fuse that is same spec
with the broken fuse. i.e. 15 A change with
15 A.
6. Don’t touch the fuse metal area when take
off @ install the fuse.
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7. Switch OFF the main swith if the fuse box
attached to the main switch.
8. ON the main switch.
9. If the fuse broken even no equipment
connected yet to the cct, maybe there is
serious fault happened the wiring cct. Call the
authorized @ accredited person.
10. If the fuse broken after the equipment
connected to the cct, maybe there is S/C occur
in the equipment cct.

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 Definition
1. Consumer circuit – Cct which is installed
at consumer unit until the final
equipment that used by consumer.

1. Radial circuit for 13A outlet socket – Cct

which installed at consumer unit of 16A
MCB and end at 2 outlet socket 13A.

1. Ring circuit for 13A outlet socket - 13A

outlet socket installed not more than 6
unit and return wiring the same point at
consumer unit. Wiring is completely
loop.
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Information label at the switch gear switching devices.

Kadaran Vdc dan Vac

Kadaran arus
Kadaran arus litar pintas
No siri
Data breaking capacity
No Model

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 State type of testing that need to
implement for below test :-
Test for conductor protector ( Continuity
test)
Test for leakage current at metal box
(Insulation resistance test)
Test for circuit breaker operation.
( Ujian kepekaan pemutus litar )
Test to determine the efficiency of earth
electrode. ( Ujian Elektrode bumi)
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