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Lecture 20
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Wind Turbine
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from
the wind into electrical power. A wind turbine used for
charging batteries may be referred to as a wind charger.
Wind turbines can rotate about either a horizontal or a
vertical axis, the former being both older and more common.
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the
main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower,
and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are
pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines
generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor.
Fig. 20.2: Components of a horizontal-axis wind
turbine
Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the
blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator.
Vertical-axis wind turbines (or VAWTs) have the
main rotor shaft arranged vertically. One advantage
of this arrangement is that the turbine does not need
to be pointed into the wind to be effective, which is
an advantage on a site where the wind direction is
highly variable, for example when the turbine is
integrated into a building. Also, the generator and
gearbox can be placed near the ground, using a
direct drive from the rotor assembly to the groundbased gearbox, improving accessibility for
maintenance.
Advantages of Wind Energy
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Lecture 20
No pollution
No water use
Wind Power
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Lecture 20
-2
Exponential Growth
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Lecture 20
Denmark: 21%
Spain: 16%
Portugal: 18%
Ireland: 14%
Germany: 9%
US: 2%
Solar Vs Wind