163 Jardin Drive, Concord, Ontario.

L4K 1X5
Tel: 905-669-1853 Fax: 905-669-9728
www.northerntransformer.com

C2 vs C88 Specification Partial Comparison

C2-M91 Single-Phase and Three Phase Distribution

Transformers, Types ONAN and LNAN

C88-M90 Power Transformers and Reactors

1. Scope

1.

1.1 This Standard specifies the requirements for

distribution transformers with the exception of those
distribution transformers that are covered by CSA
C2.2, C227.3, and C227.4. Note: The operation of
transformers complying with this Standard by other
than an electric utility may be subject to additional
requirements by the electrical inspection authority
having jurisdiction.

Scope - This Standard, except as noted in Clause

1.2, (exceptions are distribution C2, instrument C13,
Dry-type C9, pad-mounted C227, submersible
C301, three-phase network C199, rectifier, welding,
furnace, starting, testing or current-limiting
transformers), applies to all liquid-filled
transformers, autotransformers, booster
transformers, load-tap-changing transformers,
grounding transformers, phase-shifting
transformers, series-voltage regulators and shunt
reactors.

1.2 This Standard applies to single- and three-phase,

60 Hz, liquid-filled distribution transformers,
insulation class 34.5 kV or less, rated at 1000 kV.A
or below for single phase and at 3000 kV.A or
below for three phase.

1.3 This Standard includes voltage ratings, kV.A

ratings, certain mechanical characteristics, and test
procedures. Also included are the following
performance characteristics: energy efficiency (in
accordance with CAN/CSA-C802.1), temperature
rise, loading capabilities, sound level, and radio
influence voltage (RIV).

There is no legislation mandating compliance with

CSA C802.3-01 (Maximum Losses for Power
Transformers). Compliance with C802.3-01 is
sometimes required by Municipalities and individual
customer preference.
C802.3-01 dictates maximum losses

C802.1 dictates minimum efficiencies

4.2 Temperature rise limits as given in Clause 4.2.2

shall not be exceeded when the transformer is
operating continuously at rated kVA and when
connected to the rated voltage tap.

9.1 Temperature-rise limits as defined in Clause 9.2

shall not be exceeded when a transformer is
operating on any connection and is delivering rated
MVA output for that connection at rated secondary
voltage.

4.4.3 When connected on a tap below rated voltage,

the kVA capacity shall be reduced in direct
proportion to the voltage of the tap. When
connected on a tap above rated voltage, the
capacity shall be the rated kVA of the transformer.

8.4 All deenergized taps within the 10% range shall be

at rated MVA capacity.

4.6 Operating Voltage Range Transformers shall be

7.3.3 Transformers shall be capable of operating at no-

R2-02/08

163 Jardin Drive, Concord, Ontario. L4K 1X5

Tel: 905-669-1853 Fax: 905-669-9728
www.northerntransformer.com

C2 vs C88 Specification Partial Comparison

capable of operating continuously at rated kVA at
10% above or 5% below rated voltage of the
connected tap, but not necessarily within the
specified performance limits.

load with the primary voltage required for the

conditions of Clause 7.3.2, or 10% above rated
voltage, whichever is the higher, without exceeding
the temperature rises as defined in Clause 9.

8. Mechanical Characteristics

15. Mechanical Features and Accessories

8.1 Construction Tanks shall be of sealed

construction with no breather or conservator.

15.1.3.2 The transformer tank and cooling system shall

a) have a gas space above the oil such that, for a
liquid temperature range of -50 to 95C, the gas
pressure will not exceed 55 kPa negative or 70 kPa
positive when sealed at approximately 20C, and
when a vacuum pressure bleeder device is fitted
and set to limit positive and negative pressures to
the above values or less, the gas space above the
liquid may be reduced so that the transformer will

8.2 Tank Operating Pressure Transformers shall be

of sufficient strength to withstand a pressure of 50
kPa without leakage or permanent distortion of the
tank.

not breathe over a range of 100C, (all temperatures

referred to are top liquid temperatures); and b) be
designed to withstand without permanent
deformation positive and negative pressures 25%
greater than stated on the rating plate.

8.3 Pressure Relief Automatic self-resealing pressure

relief shall be providedA means for manual
pressure and vacuum relief shall also be provided.
Note: The means for automatic pressure relief may
be provided by a valve, cover assembly, or other
means.

15.1.8 Emergency Pressure-Relief Device A pressure

relief device shall be supplied on all tanks and all
oil-filled compartments. This device may be a
pressure-relief vent for use on transformers
equipped with a conservator tank or may be a selfresealing mechanical relief deviceThe pressurerelief device shall have a hood or be directed, or
both, so that oil discharged will be directed
downwards and away from the operational controls,
including any operating handle for the deenergized
tapping selector.

9. Tests

16. Tests

9.2 Routine Tests

16.3 Summary of Tests to be Performed

Resistance measurements are classified as a

type test under C2.

a) ratio on each connection

R2-02/08

a) resistance measurements of all windings on the

rated voltage connection and at the tap
extrements.
b)

ratio tests on the rated voltage connection and

on all tap connections

163 Jardin Drive, Concord, Ontario. L4K 1X5

Tel: 905-669-1853 Fax: 905-669-9728
www.northerntransformer.com

C2 vs C88 Specification Partial Comparison

b) polarity or angular displacement

c) polarity and phase relationship tests

c) no-load losses at rated voltage

d) for all transformers with a voltage classification

below 123 kV, tests for exciting current and loss
on the rated voltage connection at rated voltage
and 110% of rated voltage

d) exciting current at rated voltage

e) load losses and impedance at rated current

and on the rated voltage connection and
corrected to a winding reference temperature
of 85C. This test shall be performed on the
primary connection that has the highest
measured loss value

e) tests for impedance and load loss at rated

current on the rated voltage connection of each
unit and on the tap extremes

f)

g) applied potential tests from each winding to

ground and to the other windings

applied voltage

g) induced voltage

h) induced potential tests

h) transformer leak detection

l)

pressure tests

m) operational tests to show the correct functioning

of all devices associated with the transformers
n)

insulation tests on auxiliary devices and wiring

o)

core insulation tests

p)

measure of losses of auxiliaries such as fans

and pump motors

9.3 Tolerances for Routine Tests

14 Tolerances

9.3.2.1 Individual Transformers The losses for

individual transformers on a given order shall not
exceed the guaranteed values by more than 15%
for no-load losses and exciting current, and by
more than 8% for total losses.

14.1 Table 9 Excitation loss +7.5% and total loss +5%.

10. Markings

17. Rating Plate

17.1 Data
15
21
28

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identification of winding material

tank pressure/vacuum strength
operating pressure, positive and negative, for
sealed units

163 Jardin Drive, Concord, Ontario. L4K 1X5

Tel: 905-669-1853 Fax: 905-669-9728
www.northerntransformer.com

C2 vs C88 Specification Partial Comparison

11. Accessories

b) 11.1 Transformers for other than polemounted applications may be supplied with
the accessories specified in Items (a) to (g)
below, and, if supplied, shall be specified by
the purchaser.

15. Mechanical Features and Accessories

15.1.10 Liquid Level Indicator meeting the requirements

of EEMAC Standard L14-1
15.1.11 Liquid Temperature Indicator meeting the
requirements of EEMAC Standard L15-1, shall be
supplied with an indicating hand and with a drag
hand for maximum indication and on base ratings
above 1 MVA, with preset alarm contacts.
15.1.15 Liquid Drain Valve
15.1.16 Liquid Sampling Valve
15.1.24 Vacuum/Pressure Gauge

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