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Vanessa C. Peralta Jan.

15,2010
BSE-2E Mr. Layson
Edtech II

Selection, Production Utilization of Appropriate


Teacher Tools for Instruction

Sa pagsisimula ng aming klase sa Edtech2 hindi na kami nahirapan sa aming


professor dahil kilala na namin siya bilang isang magaling na guro. Si G. Layson ay isang
dalubhasa sa pagtuturo sa amin, noong simula kami ay masaya dahil siya ang magtuturo.
Unang pagkikita namin pinaliwanag niya ang aming dapat gawin ngayong semestre,
pinaliwanag niya isa-isa ang aming “silabus”. Unang basa ko pa lamang sa aming
gagawin ay nakaramdam na ako ng hirap dahil una, talagang pang indibidwal ang mga
gawain na kanyang ibinigay. Maiisip mong maari kang bumagsak pag hindi mo nagawa.
Muling pagkikita namin sa aming guro ay noong Dec. 18 mayroon siyang pinagawang
gawain na tungkol sa aming pananaw sa kinukuha namin na kurso , na ang gagamitin ay
ang aming mga kamay , ang ginawa ng aming grupo ay isang puno na naglalaman dun
ang bunga ,ugat, dahon, yong pinakapuno nito. Sa lahat ng grupo halos iisa lang ang
aming naisip, dahil nga maiituring mo talagang isang puno ang mga guro.
At sa muling pagkikita ay noong Jan.18,2010, ang ginawa namin sa kanya ay
nagpaliwanag lamang siya sa mga dapat naming gawin sa gawain na kanyang
pinapagawa, at dahil nga sa matagal siyang wala nagbigay siya ng regalo sa aming
seksyon.
What is Psychosocial Development? The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth
Erik Erikson’s theory of and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.2
psychosocial development is one of Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the
the best-known theories of dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers.
personality in psychology. Much like If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world.
Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to
that personality develops in a series feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in
of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.
psychosexual stages, Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
theory describes the impact of social The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during
experience across the whole lifespan. early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal
One of the main elements of control.2
Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process.
is the develoment of ego identity.1 However, Erikson's reasoning was quite different then that of Freud's. Erikson believe
Ego identity is the conscious sense that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense
of self that we develop through of independence.
social interaction. According to Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy
Erikson, our ego identity is preferences, and clothing selection.
constantly changing due to new Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those
experience and information we who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.
acquire in our daily interactions with Vygotsky and Social Cognition
others. In addition to ego identity, Definition
Erikson also believed that a sense of The social cognition learning model asserts that culture is the prime determinant of
competence also motivates behaviors individual development. Humans are the only species to have created culture, and
and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s every human child develops in the context of a culture. Therefore, a child's learning
theory is concerned with becoming development is affected in ways large and small by the culture--including the culture
competent in an area of life. If the of family environment--in which he or she is enmeshed.
stage is handled well, the person will Discussion
feel a sense of mastery, which he 1. Culture makes two sorts of contributions to a child's intellectual development.
sometimes referred to as ego strength First, through culture children acquire much of the content of their thinking, that is,
or ego quality.2 If the stage is their knowledge. Second, the surrounding culture provides a child with the processes
managed poorly, the person will or means of their thinking, what Vygotskians call the tools of intellectual adaptation.
emerge with a sense of inadequacy. In short, according to the social cognition learning model, culture teaches children
In each stage, Erikson believed both what to think and how to think.
people experience a conflict that 2. Cognitive development results from a dialectical process whereby a child learns
serves as a turning point in through problem-solving experiences shared with someone else, usually a parent or
development. In Erikson’s view, teacher but sometimes a sibling or peer.
these conflicts are centered on either 3. Initially, the person interacting with child assumes most of the responsibility for
developing a psychological quality guiding the problem solving, but gradually this responsibility transfers to the child.
or failing to develop that quality. 4. Language is a primary form of interaction through which adults transmit to the
During these times, the potential for child the rich body of knowledge that exists in the culture.
personal growth is high, but so is the 5. As learning progresses, the child's own language comes to serve as her primary
potential for failure. tool of intellectual adaptation. Eventually, children can use internal language to direct
Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. their own behavior.
Mistrust 6. Internalization refers to the process of learning--and thereby internalizing--a rich
body of knowledge and tools of thought that first exist outside the child. This happens
primarily through language.
7. A difference exists between what
child can do on her own and what the
child can do with help. Vygotskians
call this difference the zone of
proximal development. 8. Since
much of what a child learns comes
form the culture around her and
much of the child's problem solving
is mediated through an adult's help, it
is wrong to focus on a child in
isolation. Such focus does not reveal
the processes by which children
acquire new skills.
9. Interactions with surrounding
culture and social agents, such as
parents and more competent peers,
contribute significantly to a child's
intellectual development.
-Since children learn much through interaction, curricula should be designed to
rning tasks.

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