Ministry of Public Works

Directorate General of Water Resources

Directorate of Rivers and Coastals

FMIS Annex B: Evaluation Monitoring Network

GOI WASAP WB

Jakarta Flood Management

Information System
FMIS and JFEWS
Towards flood early warning, planning and design
Deltares, HKV
PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
Dinas PU DKI
BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane
Integrated GOI-GON Delta approach
December 2012
Flood Management Information System (FMIS) Study.
Grant TF: Nr. 092649

Re-evaluation of
hydrometeorological monitoring
network DKI Jakarta

FMIS team

Deltares, 2012

Prepared for:
Ministry of Public Works (PU)

Re-evaluation of
hydrometeorological monitoring
network DKI Jakarta

FMIS team

Report
December 2012

1206967

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monitoring network Jakarta

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December 2012

Annex B

Contents
1

Introduction .........................................................................................................2

Existing telemetric systems...............................................................................3

2.1

BBWS CilCis.............................................................................................3

2.2

DPU-DKI ...................................................................................................5

2.3

PusAir .......................................................................................................6

2.4

BMKG .......................................................................................................7
2.4.1 AWS .............................................................................................7
2.4.2 CMSS ...........................................................................................8
2.4.3 Radar..........................................................................................10

2.5

Bakosurtanal ...........................................................................................10

2.6

BPPT.......................................................................................................11

Recommendations for improved rainfall monitoring....................................13

3.1

General ...................................................................................................13

3.2

Evaluation of rainfall telemetric monitoring network and

recommendations for improvement of monitoring practice ....................13

Recommendations for improved water level monitoring .............................17

4.1

General ...................................................................................................17

4.2

Evaluation of water level telemetric monitoring network and

recommendations for improvement of monitoring practice ....................17

References .........................................................................................................22

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Annex B

Introduction

There are several governmental organisations which are responsible for monitoring
rainfall and water levels in the river basins of DKI Jakarta and therefore maintain a
hydrometeorological monitoring network (Table 1). Some of the monitoring stations
send data directly to a central database via a telemetry system. During the FHM2 study,
carried out late 2008, the hydrometeorological monitoring network operated within DKI
Jakarta was evaluated (Ogink and Muchni, 2009) and recommendations for
improvements were made including a proposal for new stations.
During recent floods the current monitoring system was not able to provide the data
required for providing an appropriate understanding to analyze and predict the impacts
on the water system due to data gaps and failures of the monitoring system. Therefore
the current monitoring system must be re-evaluated (Task 1B) and integrated with the
data information system. The resulting monitoring system will form the basis for a future
flood early warning system.
The current report links closely to the report on telemetry systems (Task 1A).
Organization
Sub direktorat hidrologi dan kualitas air, Dit.
BPSDA, Ditjen SDA.
Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BBWS)
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber
Daya Air
Badan Klimatologi, Meteorologi dan Geofisika
(BMKG)
Dinas PU DKI Jakarta

Address
Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum.
Jln. Pattimura No. 20 Kebayoran
Baru
Jakarta Selatan
BBWS Ciliwung - Cisadane :
Jl. Inspeksi Saluran Tarum Barat
No. 58 Jakarta Timur, 13620
Ir. Juanda No 193, Bandung
Jl. Angkasa 1 No.2, Kemayoran,
Jakarta Pusat
Jl. Taman Jatibaru No. 1 Cideng
Gambir Jakarta Pusat DKI Jakarta,
11430

Table 1 Governmental organisations maintaining hydrometeorological monitoring network within DKI

Jakarta.

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Annex B

Existing telemetric systems

There are several telemetry networks in Jakarta, managed by different organizations.

The data from these networks is essential for early flood warning and therefore the data
connection should be reliable and robust. This chapter will focus on the characteristics
of the networks. For an overview of established data connections with Jakarta-FEWS
see Annex A.
In Ogink and Muchni (2009) the at that time (November 2008) existing telemetric
systems within DKI Jakarta have been described. The following sections have been
taken from this report and updated to the current (October 2012) situation.
2.1

BBWS CilCis

The Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane (BBWS CilCis) operates two
monitoring networks. The first one was implemented in 2003 by Greenspan, Australia. It
involved installation of new tipping buckets, make Hydrological Services, and extension
of the float type water level recorders with an incremental shaft encoder, whereas at
three location bubbler gauges were introduced. At each station a modem, data logger,
radio and power supply (either from main or by solar panels) were installed together
with antenna. The transmission is by means of radio using a frequency of 73 Khz. To
increase the performance of the telemetric system a booster was implemented in 2008
to improve reception performance from less than 60% to over 90%. A sampling
frequency of 15 minutes is applied but the transmission rate is once per 0.5 hr during
floods and else once per 1 hour. Two computers are used for retrieval and display.
Data from this radio operated telemetry system is stored on a server at the main office
of Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane at Cawang. The information is not
disseminated via FTP or website. For export to FEWS, a special program was made
that can make export files for the telemetry system. Therefore it regularly checks the
current database file with a previous version. Changes are being converted to PI-XML
data files. Via a modem communication with the Jakarta-FEWS server is established,
and the export files are being send to the J-FEWS.
An additional telemetry system (SEBA) was installed late 2010 for the East Banjir Canal
(BKT, Banjir Kanal Timur, only water levels with an hourly sampling frequency). The
system installed involved 9 water level stations for the BKT system and 1 water level
station still in manual system (AWLR). The new telemetry system at BBWS were
located at Pondok Kelapa (Buaran River), Cipinang Hulu, Duta Kuranji (Cakung River),
Kampung Keramat (Sunter river at Upper Sunter), Kebonpala (Cipinang river), Pondok
Gede (Sunter river at Downstream Sunter), Malakasari (BKT), Ujungmenteng (BKT)
and Marunda (BKT) as well as Jatibening station at Jatikramat river using manual
system. At the start of the project, the BKT monitoring network is not actively
monitored. Data from the system were not automatically forwarded to the main office of
Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane at Cawang but needed to be
downloaded at the station itself after which they are stored at the main office. Because
a communication cable for reading the data loggers is missing, no data was available
since October 2011.

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Annex B

In the FMIS project the stations were provided with new SIM cards to establish an
automatic data connection. With the help of the provider of the SEBA system an
automatic data export was setup. The program for converting the telemetry data of the
old BBWS telemetry system was expended to take into account the SEBA data feed.
This resulted in an expanded export of BBWS telemetry data to J-FEWS.
The spatial distribution of the rainfall and water level telemetry stations is shown in
Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, respectively, whereas details of the stations are provided in
Table 5 and Table 2. Currently, there are 15 active stations for water level
measurements, of which 7 do not have a live data feed, and 2 seem to be offline at the
moment. Of the 6 stations that do provide a live data feed 4 stations appear to measure
accurate water levels. There are 8 active rain gauges, of which 4 are actively sending
live data, however only 2 stations (Cilember and Cibinong) provide reliable rainfall
amounts.

Figure 2.1 Existing rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis. Different
colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For
more details see Table 2.

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Annex B

Figure 2.2 Existing water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis. Different
colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For
more details see Table 5.

In December 2012 an additional telemetry network was implemented, consisting of 11

rainfall stations and six water level stations. The stations were directly connected to the
Tech4Water database of PusAir, and will therefore be disclosed the same way as the
telemetry data from PusAir.
At the moment of writing there is no experience with the quality and frequency of the
new stations.
2.2

DPU-DKI

The telemetric system of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
(DPU-DKI) was set up in 2005 by Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane and
was shifted to DPU-DKI in 2006-2007, who started operation in December 2007. The
telemetric network is actually a manual network: water levels are hourly measured by
the station operator and reported by radio. At POSKO PU-DKI the water levels are
stored in an Excel sheet. Data of 14 water level stations can be obtained from the
website http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/data_pantauan/. The resolution of the data on the
website is 5 or 10 cm. At the moment the data from the website is automatically
collected by Jakarta-FEWS.
The spatial distribution of the water level telemetry stations is shown in Figure 2.3
whereas details of the stations are provided in Table 5. Currently there are 14 active
stations for water level measurements, of which 2 stations do not have a reliable water
level measurement.

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Figure 2.3 Existing water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by DPU-DKI. Different
colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. Note
that not all stations are shown on the map since at the moment still some coordinates are
unknown. For more details see Table 5.

PU-DKI is also implementing a new automatic telemetric system. It is unknown what

locations are incorporated. At the time of writing, data from three stations was collected
2.3

PusAir

Tech4Water is the telemetry system of PusAir, set up since late 2011, except for
Gunung Mas station begin since April 2009, Katu Lampa station begin since late 2010
and has mainly a research purpose. Telemetry system was developed in cooperation
PusAir between PT. INTI and using GSM system to sending data from filed to data
center (server). Generally, types of equipment used Tech4Water are typing bucket for
rainfall station and transducer for water level. Currently, the Tech4Water telemetry
system in the DKI Jakarta area consists of 1 water level and 6 rainfall stations using a
sampling frequency of 5 minutes. The spatial distribution of the rainfall stations is shown
in Figure 2.4. The water level measurement location is at Katu Lampa. The
measurement data are send in csv format to the Jakarta-FEWS ftp server where the
data are automatically imported and subsequently archived in daily zip files. Data of the
stations can also be obtained from the website: http://www.tech4water.com.
Unfortunately, at the moment none of the rainfall stations provide reliable rainfall
amounts.

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Annex B

Figure 2.4 Existing rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by DPU-DKI. Different colours
indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more
details see Table 2.

2.4

BMKG

BMKG operates 2 automatic rainfall networks.

2.4.1

AWS

The Automatic Weather Station Network of BMKG has eight stations in the area of DKI
Jakarta (Figure 2.5), which measure several meteorological parameters. The rain
measurements of these stations seem very unreliable. The data contain lot of gaps and
are not validated. Data from the AWS is collected from the website of BMKG
(http://aws-online.bmg.go.id/bmg/aws/index.php) and currently there is no direct
connection with Jakarta-FEWS.

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Annex B

Figure 2.5 Existing AWS stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BMKG. Different colours indicate the
current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more details see
Table 2.

2.4.2

CMSS

A total of 9 synoptic stations are operated in the DKI Jakarta area (Figure 2.6) with
rainfall being measured every 3 hours. The manual measurements and observations
are entered in synoptic code
(http://weather.unisys.com/wxp/Appendices/Formats/SYNOP.html)
and automatically send by CMSS via the VSAT satellite to the database at BMKG. The
data are also send directly to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The
synoptic data reports from the stations can be downloaded from the WMO website
(http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en) and need to be decoded into actual rainfall
totals before they can be of use. An example of a synoptic report is provided in Figure
2.7. At the moment there is no direct datafeed from these stations yet to Jakarta-FEWS.
A PERL script is available (http://metaf2xml.sourceforge.net/) which should be able to
convert the synoptic code, but considering the time frame of the project this could not
be implemented.

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Figure 2.6 Existing synoptic stations (CMSS) in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BMKG. Different colours
indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status and quality of the data. For more
details see Table 2.

Figure 2.7 Example of synoptic report which can be downloaded from

http://www.ogimet.com/synops.phtml.en

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Annex B

2.4.3

Radar

BMKG currently operates several radar systems in Indonesia of which one is located in
the DKI Jakarta area in Tangerang. The radar data can be seen on the website
http://radar.bmkg.go.id/bmkg2/, but unfortunately are not yet available in a format which
can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS. It is expected that the radar data become available
in NetCDF format by the end of 2012, early 2013 after which these data should be
incorporated into the Jakarta-FEWS system.
2.5

Bakosurtanal

Bakosurtanal has some water level stations in operation, of which one is located at
Sunda Kelapa. This station provides water levels with a one-minute interval. There are
two sensors (see pictures below), which are both not located in a stilling well. Therefore
the measurements are highly influenced by waves and other distortions. Within J-FEWS
the water levels are aggregated to 10 minute interval, partly eliminating the noise.

Figure 2.8 Two sensors at station Sunda Kelapa.

One of the two sensors shows a clear case of sensor drift: the measured water levels
are increasing continuously. This is shown in Figure 2.9, where the measured water
levels are plotted next to the water levels calculated with astronomical tide components.
The data from these two sensors of Bakosurtanal are automatically exported by FTP to
the J-FEWS server. The FTP-script is maintained by Bakosurtanal.

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Figure 2.9 Water levels measured by sensor (red) and in blue the astronomical tide

2.6

BPPT

BPPT operates one radar station, located in Tangeran. This station covers a large part
of West-Java, including the whole Jabodetabek area. It is therefore a good source for
spatial rainfall information, although it is not known how accurate rainfall volumes are.
To get a feeling about its quality, a comparison was made (see Annex A) which showed
that most rainfall was detected. Because of lack of reliable information on rainfall
volumes for the study period, only for two locations an indication for a correction factor
could be found.
BPPT stores the latest radar image on a webserver, with a frequency of six minutes. On
the J-FEWS server a program is installed that runs every five minutes and generates a
FEWS import file from the file on the webserver. The radar images are not always
updated, some periods are missing. Therefore this source is not completely reliable.

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Figure 2.10 Radar image in J-FEWS showing the approximate extent of the image.

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Annex B

Recommendations for improved rainfall monitoring

3.1

General

Rainfall is typically measured using a standard rain gauge sometimes accompanied by

an automatic raingauge, be it a tipping bucket (make Hydrological Services, Figure 3.1)
connected to a telemetric system or a Thies syphon type (Figure 3.2) registering rainfall
on paper which is changed once a week.

Figure 3.1 Tipping bucket rain gauge at Pasar Baru (Photo by: Henk Ogink)

Figure 3.2 Thies make syhon type autographic rainfall recorder at Balai Besar Headquarters Jakarta (Photo
by: Henk Ogink)

3.2

Evaluation of rainfall telemetric monitoring network and recommendations

for improvement of monitoring practice

In Table 2 rainfall monitoring locations operated in DKI Jakarta are listed and its
distribution shown in Figure 3.3. In total 31 rainfall stations with telemetric connections
have been identified in the project area of 1406 km 2.

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Figure 3.3 Existing and new rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS CilCis,
BMKG and PusAir. Different colours indicate the current (31 October 2012) operational status
of the stations and the quality of the data. For more details see Table 2.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

Name
Cibinong
Cilember
Depok
Desa Bojongmurni
Gadog
Jembatan Panus
Kampung Klapa
Kantor BBWS Cilcis
Kantor Graita Kemensos
Manggarai
Pasar Baru
Puskesmas Kemang
Ranca Bungur
Rawa Gede
Rumah Pompa Kalideres
Sawangan
Situ Gintung
Situ Lengkong Barang
Situ Pamulang
Situ Parigi
Bekasi
Ciganjur
Kelapa Gading
Manggarai
Pulomas
Tomang Barat
Curug
Pondok Betung
Budiarto-Curug
Pondok Betung
Atang Sanjaya
Citeko
Dermaga
Halim
Kemayoran
Tanjung Priok
Cengkareng
Bekasi
Buaran
Gunung Mas
Jatiasih
Cibubur
PT. Indolakto

Instrument
TB + ARG
TB + ARG + SRG
TB (Sutron) + SRG

TB + TB (Sutron)
TB

TB

TB
TB
TB
TB (Casella) + SRG
TB
TB
TB
TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG
TB
TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG
TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + ARG
SRG
TB (Jinyang Industrical Co - Ltd) + number of ARG + SRG
TB

TB
TB
TB
TB
TB

Organization
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BBW S CilCis
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
BMKG
PusAir
PusAir
PusAir
PusAir
PusAir
PusAir

Status
ok
ok
broken
planned 2012
planned 2012
planned 2012
planned 2012
planned 2012
planned 2012
no good data
no longer live data feed
planned 2012
no longer live data feed
planned 2012
planned 2012
no good data
no live data feed yet
planned 2012
planned 2012
planned 2012
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
ok
no good data
ok
ok
ok
doubtful, requires additional validation
ok
ok
ok
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data
no good data

X_WGS84 Y_WGS84
106.856417 -6.460467
106.914967 -6.652917
106.832100 -6.400500
106.894290 -6.697860
106.869160 -6.653470
106.832110 -6.400540
106.814350 -6.455730
106.869400 -6.241840
106.816900 -6.519910
106.848650 -6.207500
106.628367 -6.159250
106.814930 -6.279260
106.680081 -6.436062
106.973050 -6.671370
106.701300 -6.158180
106.771767 -6.397250
106.76424
-6.30023
106.726260 -6.464630
106.722990 -6.342990
106.696750 -6.281570
107.012617 -6.257067
106.799017 -6.344317
106.913583 -6.166633
106.848733 -6.207483
106.880883 -6.166667
106.780033 -6.166700
106.555450 -6.254117
106.751083 -6.261183
106.555450 -6.254117
106.751083 -6.261183
106.900000 -6.550000
106.935017 -6.698133
106.750000 -6.572217
106.900000 -6.250000
106.840867 -6.155650
106.866700 -6.100000
106.650000 -6.116700
107.00382
-6.25611
106.92099
-6.24738
106.96700
-6.70914
106.95042
-6.32028
106.91056
-6.4032
106.87200
-6.34004

Table 2 List of existing and planned rainfall telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWSCilCis, BMKG and PusAir. SRG = standard rain gauge; ARG = Thies Syphon type - unless
otherwise stated; TB = tipping bucket (Hydrological Services) - unless otherwise stated.
Indicated as well the operational status of the stations and the data quality per 31 October
2012. In purple, locations indicated where different organizations have a measurement
station.

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Annex B

Of these 31 stations, currently only 19 have a live data feed to Jakarta-FEWS of which
only 2 show reliable rainfall amounts. This is illustrated by a basic validation test over
the first 9 months of 2012 (Table 3). In this table monthly rainfall totals are shown for
some of the available telemetry stations. No effort was made to carry out this basic
validation for the AWS stations of BMKG, due to many data gaps (Figure 3.4).
For the period October 2002 September 2012 BMKG provided decoded rainfall totals
for the 9 stations in the DKI Jakarta area. These data were subjected to a basic
validation which revealed that the Pondok Betung station has not been working properly
from the start (Table 4).
StationName
Cibinong
Cilember
Manggarai
Sawangan
Pasar Baru
Ranca Bungur
Buaran
Cibubur
Indolakto
Jatiasih

Organization Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
BBWS Cilcis
266
479
168
300.5
339
116
BBWS Cilcis
392.5
480.5
206.5
367
146
137
BBWS Cilcis
0
0
0
0.5
0
0
BBWS Cilcis
255
440.5
149 495.607
21
0
BBWS Cilcis
128
66
7
17.5
11
0
BBWS Cilcis
0.5
537.5
116.5
601
79.5
0
PusAir
720.5
7973
8299
2085
12.5
55
PusAir
106
198.5
100
155
68
27.5
PusAir
67.5
218
127
158.5
67
85
PusAir
146.5
81
76
51
12.5
36.5

Aug
50.5
66
0
0
0
0
1.5
78
59.5
4

Sep
34
78.5
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
2
119.5

58.5
133.5
0
0
0
0
18.5
34
17
10

Table 3 Monthly rainfall totals for some telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area. In red indicated obvious
unreliable rainfall amounts. In orange doubtful rainfall totals which require further validation
with manual rain gauges.

Figure 3.4 Data from the AWS stations in Jakarta-FEWS: a lot of data is missing.
StationName
Budiarto-Curug
Pondok Betung
Atang Sanjaya
Citeko
Dermaga
Halim
Kemayoran
Tanjung Priok
Cengkareng

WMO id
96739
96733
96755
96751
96753
96747
96745
96741
96749

2003
2618.1
0
620
4197.5
35.4
0
1890.5
1698.7
1293.9

2004
2386.2
0
1807.4
4141.9
1055.7
1237.2
1449.3
1814.2
2436.3

2005
3389.1
0
1466
5192.1
2719.7
2008.9
849.6
2503.2
3249.1

2006
2103.2
8.5
341
3837.2
1626.3
301
1188.2
1369.5
2233.2

2007
3926.6
0
1924.4
5441.3
2331.8
1276.5
3486.4
2764.6
2528.6

2008
3656.7
0
2411.2
5026.2
2759.9
1363.1
3413.3
2826.6
2695.2

2009
3052.4
482.8
1919.8
5854.5
2255.8
1628.4
3053.3
2399.7
2364.8

2010
4611.6
1241
3357.9
7331
2907.2
767.7
4340.4
4064.3
3904.8

2011
3051.6
309.2
2106.6
3646.8
1572.7
1095.5
2073.9
1790.3
1695

Table 4 Annual rainfall totals for the synoptic telemetry stations (CMSS) in the DKI Jakarta area operated by
BMKG. In red indicated obvious unreliable rainfall amounts. In orange doubtful rainfall totals
which require further validation with manual rain gauges.

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Annex B

During field visits in November 2008, all rain gauges in the DKI Jakarta project area
operated by BBWS CilCis, DPU-DKI and BMKG were visited (Muchni and Ogink, 2009).
Based on the findings during these field visits the following recommendations were
made to improve the operation of the rainfall monitoring network:
1. Improve the approaches to the gauging stations. Rain gauges have been
placed in antennas out of reach for inspection or put on the roof of equipment
housing without availability of a ladder.
2. The correct functioning of the tipping bucket and siphon type rain gauges
should be regularly checked and its record should regularly be compared with
standard rain gauge records. Funnels and scoops should be regularly cleaned
and clocks of autographic recorders should be regularly checked to avoid
monitoring data with a wrong time label which would lead to errors when the
data are used to assess concentration times or catchment response times.
3. Rainfall catch should be improved by removing trees placed too close to the
rainfall gauges.
During the current project there was no time to re-visit the previously visited stations
and visit the newly installed stations, but a quick assessment of the quality of the rainfall
telemetry station data suggests there are still many issues with automatic rainfall
measurements. 4 out of 6 stations operated by BBWS CilCis still send a signal but
rainfall amounts are always zero, the same is true for the AWS stations for BMKG.
Obviously, these stations need to be visited as soon as possible and investigated why
the instruments do not properly measure rainfall.
For 2012, PusAir has written a plan for installation of additional rainfall telemetry
stations (PusAir, 2012). These stations were also implemented in 2012. The new
stations are shown in Figure 3.3 as well. With the addition of these 12 planned stations
spatial coverage is considered sufficient (not including the 4 stations which are at the
same location, 1 station per 43 km 2, equivalent to a circular area with a radius of 3.7
km) for Jakarta-FEWS, providing existing problems are fixed, the planned and existing
stations are maintained properly and data feeds are reliable. To realise this station
coverage however, it is still needed to connect the CMSS station data to JakartaFEWS. Also supposedly existing DPU-DKI telemetry rainfall stations should be
connected.
The Jakarta-FEWS system relies mainly on telemetry data feeds. For quick
assessments on quality of the telemetry data feeds and to quickly identify if telemetry
stations malfunction and need inspection it is useful to also include manual rainfall
gauge measurements in the Jakarta-FEWS system. It is therefore recommended that in
addition to the telemetry data feeds for each of the stations also an SMS service is
started for which the daily rain gauge measurements are also communicated on a daily
basis to a central source where it can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS.

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Annex B

Recommendations for improved water level

monitoring

4.1

General

Water level is typically measured using a staff gauge often accompanied by an

automatic water level recorder (AWLR) of the float (Figure 4.1) or bubbler type, which is
sometimes connected to a telemetric system.

Figure 4.1 Automatic water level gauging station Marga Satwa on Krukut with Ott type autographic water
level recorder (Photo by: Henk Ogink)

4.2

Evaluation of water level telemetric monitoring network

recommendations for improvement of monitoring practice

and

In Table 5 water level monitoring locations operated in DKI Jakarta are listed and their
distribution shown in Figure 4.2. In total 30 water level stations with telemetric
connections have been identified in the project area. Of these 30 stations, currently 21
have a live data feed to Jakarta-FEWS of which 16 appear to have a good signal and
measure reliable water levels.
During field visits in November 2008, all water level stations in the DKI Jakarta project
area operated by BBWS CilCis and DPU-DKI were visited (Ogink and Muchni, 2009).
Based on findings during these field visits the following recommendations were made to
improve the operation of the water level monitoring network:
1. Improve the approaches to the gauging stations. Staff gauges were sometimes
positioned awkwardly and could only be read from the other side of the river
bank.
2. Staff gauges at all stations should be reviewed and when defect or not readable
be replaced. Some AWLRs were not accompanied by a staff gauge, or were of
insufficient length and often not readable from the gauging site. This makes
checking of the stilling well connection cumbersome if not impossible.
3. For sediment rich rivers float type recorders should be replaced by pressure
transducer or bubbler type gauges. Due to the large sediment concentrations in

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Annex B

the rivers basically all float type gauges were malfunctioning or not functioning
at all at the time of flood, mainly due to blockage of the stilling well.
4. Observers should be properly instructed to inspect the connection between the
stilling well and the river on a daily basis.
5. Clocks of autographic recorders should be regularly checked to avoid
monitoring data with a wrong time label which would lead to errors when the
data are used to assess concentration times or catchment response times.
6. With the use of the hydraulic model the discharge rating curves of all locations
should upgraded.

Figure 4.2 Existing and planned water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by BBWS
CilCis, DPU-DKI and PusAir. Different colours indicate the current (31 October 2012)
operational status and the quality of the data. Note that not all stations are shown on the map
since at the moment still some coordinates are unknown. For more details see Table 5.

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Annex B
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Name
Pamulang
Rawa Buaya
Buaran
Cakung
Depok
Kampung Klapa
Katu Lampa
Manggarai Hulu
MT Haryono
Sugu Tamu
Cipinang Hilir
Cipinang Hulu
Malaka Sari
Ujung Menteng
Jatibening
Bendungan Hilir
Ragunan
Kebon Jeruk
Sawangan
Tanah Kusir
Sunter Hilir
Manggarai Hilir
Ciledug Indah
Depok
Katu Lampa
Manggarai Hulu
Cipinang Hulu
Pasar Ikan
Ciganjur
Pesanggrahan
Waduk Pluit
Pondok Ranggon
Pulo Gadung
Sunter Selatan
Sunter Utara
Karet Barrage
Katu Lampa

River
Angke
Angke
Buaran
Cakung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Cipinang
Cipinang
East Banjir Canal
East Banjir Canal
Kali Jatikramat
Krukut
Krukut
Pesanggrahan
Pesanggrahan
Pesanggrahan
Sunter
W est Banjir Canal
Angke
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Ciliwung
Cipinang
Coast/Java Sea
Krukut
Pesanggrahan
Reservoir
Sunter
Sunter
Sunter
Sunter
W est Banjir Canal
Ciliwung

Instrument

float AWLR + staff gauge

float AWLR + staff gauge
bubbler AWLR + staff gauge
float AWLR + staff gauge
bubbler AWLR + staff gauge
float AWLR + staff gauge
float AWLR + staff gauge
float AWLR + staff gauge

float AWLR
float AWLR
float AWLR
float AWLR + staff gauge
bubbler AWLR
float AWLR
bubbler AWLR
bubbler AWLR
bubbler AWLR
bubbler AWLR + staff gauge
float AWLR

float AWLR
float AWLR
float AWLR

transducer

Organization
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
BBWS CilCis
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
DPU-DKI
PusAir

Status
X_WGS84 Y_WGS84
106.705380 -6.315950
planned 2012
106.736817 -6.169867
planned 2012
no live data feed
106.921000 -6.247380
no live data feed
106.967000 -6.230820
no good data
106.831800 -6.400483
106.814350 -6.455730
planned 2012
ok
106.838533 -6.633683
no good data
106.848650 -6.207500
ok
106.862433 -6.242717
106.841380 -6.374420
planned 2012
no live data feed
106.880000 -6.261110
no live data feed
106.873000 -6.339720
no live data feed
106.929000 -6.228520
no live data feed
106.972000 -6.181230
planned 2012
106.816333 -6.215444
planned 2012
106.807950 -6.311310
planned 2012
no longer live data feed 106.762800 -6.197617
ok
106.771767 -6.397250
no longer live data feed 106.768700 -6.254933
no live data feed
106.893617 -6.223133
ok
106.848650 -6.207500
no good data
106.696000 -6.222233
ok
106.831800 -6.400483
ok
106.838533 -6.633683
ok
106.848650 -6.207500
ok
ok
106.809333 -6.126817
ok
106.798917 -6.344000
ok
ok
106.797000 -6.117863
ok
106.920917 -6.317983
ok
106.905500 -6.188333
ok
ok
106.896717 -6.178236
no good data
no good data
106.83856
-6.63369

Table 5 List of existing and planned water level telemetry stations in the DKI Jakarta area operated by
BBWS CilCis, DPU-DKI, and PusAir. Indicated as well the operational status of the stations
per 31 October 2012 and the quality of the data. Some of the stations are still lacking a
coordinate whereas Manggarai Hilir and Hulu currently have the same coordinate (indicated
with purple background). In purple, locations indicated where different organizations have a
measurement station. In light blue stations visited and evaluated in November 2008 (Ogink
and Muchni, 2009).

During the current project there was no time to re-visit the previously visited stations
and visit the newly installed stations, but a quick assessment of the quality of the water
level data shows that in general the monitoring data are hardly checked nor validated.
Lots of errors were encountered during data inspection such as sensor drift (Figure
4.3), inverse hydrographs (Figure 4.4), temporary spikes (Figure 4.5), etc. To be of use
in flood early warning these errors should be corrected as soon as possible.

Figure 4.3 Example of an uncorrected sensor fault at a BBWS CilCis station (Pasar Baru), resulting in
incorrect water levels.

Deltares, HKV, PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV

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Annex B

Figure 4.4 Example of inverse hydrograph (Sawangan), compared to a downstream station (Tanah Kusir).

Figure 4.5 A spike in the measured water levels at Waduk Pluit (DPU-DKI), suggesting the data is not
automatically validated and corrected.

For the stations with a malfunctioning data feed these need to be visited as soon as
possible and data connections restored, and when sensors are malfunctioning
replaced.
For 2012, PusAir has written a plan for installation of additional water level telemetry
stations (PusAir, 2012). Planned stations are shown in Figure 4.2 as well. With the
addition of the 7 planned stations all important rivers and canals are sufficiently
monitored and considered sufficient for Jakarta-FEWS, providing existing problems are
fixed, the new and existing stations are maintained properly and data feeds are reliable.

Deltares, HKV, PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV

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Annex B

The Jakarta-FEWS system relies mainly on telemetry data feeds. For quick
assessments on quality of the telemetry datafeeds and to quickly identify if telemetry
stations malfunction and need inspection it is useful to also include manual staff gauge
measurements in the Jakarta-FEWS system. It is therefore recommended that in
addition to the telemetry data feeds for each of the stations also an SMS service is
started for which on a daily basis the manual staff gauge readings are also
communicated to a central source where it can be imported into Jakarta-FEWS.

Deltares, HKV, PusAir, ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV

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Annex B

References

Ogink HJM, Muchni M (2009). Jakarta flood early warning system - Telemetric system.
Delft Hydraulics report Q4742
PusAir (2012). Hasil survey pos hidrologi untuk Flood Early Warning System BBWS
Ciliwung-Cisadane.

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