Problem

1
Water is pumped from a tank 1 to an open tank 2 through a heat exchanger, as
shown below. Along the tubeisasemiopengatevalve,two90pipeelbowswith
standard radius and a heat exchanger. The pressure drop in the heat exchanger is
2
2
60 kN/m
at the prevailing flow. Tank 1 is sealed with a pressure of 200 kN/m

2.
andthetank2isopentotheatmosphere.Theatmosphericpressureis100kN/m

Calculate
therequiredpumppowerwhenthepumpefficiencyis80%.

Data:
Totalpipelength:
Pipeinnerdiameter:
Pipeequivalentsandroughness:
Waterdensity:
Waterdynamicviscosity:

40m
0.10m

0.20mm
3
1000kg/m

3
2
1.0*10
Ns/m

The pumping characteristic of the centrifugal pump is attached

and should be
submittedwiththesolution
.

A fan is operating normally at the speed of 3600 r/min and then providesairflow
3
3
of1.2m
/s.Theairflowshouldbechangedto0.8m
/s.

Calculate the savings in powerdemandwillbe,ifthestreamischangedusingthe

speedcontrolinsteadofthrottlecontrol.

Data:
3.
Theairdensityis1.2kg/m

Theefficiencyisassumedtobeconstantatthespeedcontrol.
Thefancharacteristicisattached.
Tobesubmittedwiththesolution!

Water is pumped through a porous bed with a diameter of 2.0 m and a height of
2.0 m. The bed consists of cylindrical pellets with a diameter of 5.0 mm and
length15mm.Themassflowofwateris100kg/s.

Calculate
thepressuredropacrossthebedbecauseofthewaterflow.

Data:
Thebedporosity:
Thewaterdensity:
Waterdynamicviscosity:

0.40
3
1000kg/m

3
2
1.0*10
Ns/m

Water is heated in a tube heat exchanger using saturated steam with the pressure
of 1.8 bar which condenses ontheoutsideofthetubes.Thewaterflowsinsidethe
tubes and shall be heated from 10C to 50C. The heatexchangerhas60tubesof
copperwithaninnerdiameterof32mmandanouterdiameterof36mm.

Calculate
thetubes
length
inmetersandthe
steamflow
inkg/s.

Data:
Waterflow
80kg/s
Thermalconductivityofcopper
377W/m,C
2
Theheattransfercoefficientonthesteamside 10000W/m
,C
Specificheatcapacityofwater
4200J/kg,C
Waterthermalconductivityat30C
0.61W/(m,C)
Waterthermalconductivityat50C
0.64W/(m,C)
Waterthermalconductivityat117C
0.69W/(m,C)
3
2
Waterdynamicviscosityat30C
0.80*10
Ns/m

3
2
Waterdynamicviscosityat50C
0.55*10Ns/m

3
2
Waterdynamicviscosityat117C
0.24*10
Ns/m

3
Densityofwaterat30C
996kg/m

3
Densityofwaterat50C
988kg/m

3
Densityofwaterat117C
943kg/m

Through a large room is an uninsulated free horizontal hanging copperdraft.The

liquid carried in the tube canbeconsideredaconstanttemperatureof90

Cduring
its transport through the room. The tubes outer diameter is 80 mm. Ambient air
and the room walls have a temperature of 20C. Pipe and wall area can be
assumed to act as a gray body. Pipe surfacehasemissivity0.7andthewalls0.60.
Theresistancetoheattransferisnegligibleintheprocessfluidandthepipewall.

Calculate
thetotalheatlosspermeterofpipe,ieduetoradiationandconvection.

Data:
Thermalconductivityofairat20C
0.026W/(mC)
Thermalconductivityofairat55C
0.028W/(mC)
2

Thermalconductivityofairat90C
Airdensityat20C
Airdensityat55C
Airdensityat90C
Airdynamicviscosityat20C
Airdynamicviscosityat55C
Airdynamicviscosityat90C
Thespecificheatcapacityofairat20C
Thespecificheatcapacityofairat55C
Thespecificheatcapacityofairat90C

Theory

0.031W/(mC)
3
1.20kg/m

3
1.05kg/m

3
0.96kg/m

2
0.000018Ns/m

2
0.000020Ns/m

2
0.000022Ns/m

1.004kJ/(kgC)
1.005kJ/(kgC)
1.006kJ/(kgC)

Waterwillbepumpedinalongpipeline.Whatshouldyouconsiderwhen
selectingthepipediameter?
You have a piping system thatthewaterflowsinwithhelpof
acentrifugalpump.
View through freely chosen pumpcharacteristics for the centrifugal pump and
systemcharacteristicshowtheflowcanbecontrolledintwodifferentways.
Enteranadvantageanddisadvantageofthetwowaystoregulatetheflow.

Correlationbetweenthetotalheattransfercoefficient,U,basedonthetemperature
difference between the two fluids and the individual heat transfer coefficients, h,
based on the temperature difference in the respective fluid and pipe wall is given
bytheequations11.32or11.33.

How can you with the relationship see where the resistance to heat transfer is
greatest?

If it is instead air on the outside of the tube so that radiation also can occur, how
will that affect the heat transfer? Describe with words and indicate how it will
affecttheequationforU.

Enterprinciple(thetheoreticalbackgroundwithequations)tomeasuretheflow,q,
for an ideal fluidthroughwithhelpfromanorificeplateinstalledinaclosedtube.
Enter an advantage and adisadvantageforflowmeasurementwithanorificeplate
inrelationtoaventurimeter.

Explain the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow, including
velocitydistribution'sappearanceattheflowinthepipe.
Describe a tube heat exchangerandaplateheatexchanger.Entersomesignificant
advantagesanddisadvantagesofthese.
3