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Ecuaciones Bsicas:
Hi H j
Qij =
lij
Km
f
ij
ij d ij
1/ 2
2 g Aij
En vez de suponer los caudales en la Red, este metodo supone la Cabeza en cada uno de los (NU-1) nodos de la red. Luego, se ajustan las
cabezas supuestas nodo por nodo, repitiendo el proceso hasta que la Ec. De Continuidad, llegue a valores "razonablemente cercanos" a cero
en todos los nodos. El factor de correccion, esta dado por el desarrollo de la Ec. original agregandole un dif. de Cabeza, de la siguiente
Q ij
( H i H j ) H i
=
l
f ij + Km ij
ij d ij
Qij =
2 g Aij
l
f ij ij + Kmij
d ij
1/ 2
2 g Aij
[2]
1/ 2
1 / 2
(H i H j ) (H i H j ) H i
2
1/ 2
NTi
Q
j =1
H i =
ij
Q Di = 0
2 ( Q ij Q Di + ( Q Ei ) )
Q ij
[3]
[4]
Metodologa:
1. Definir claramente la Geometra de la Red, identificando en forma coherente los Nodos y los Circuitos (NC).
2. Suponer la Cabeza Piezometrica en cada uno de los nodos de la Red (excepto en el de H conocido).
3. Se definen los circuitos cerrados en cualquier orden. Se debe garantizar que todos los tubos queden incluidos por lo menos en un circuito
4. Se calculan los Caudales en cada una de las tuberias, mediante la Ecuacion [1], hallando el f (Colebrook-White) mediante algun
metodo numerico.
5. Se estima el factor de Correcion de Cabeza (Ec. [4]) y se corrige en cada uno de los nodos de cabeza variable. Los Caudales Qij, se
consideran positivos si se dirigen hacia el nodo respectivo, es decir si Hj es mayor que Hi.
7. El proceso se detiene, en el momento, que la suma de caudales, sea razonablemente inferior a la tolerancia establecida
Ejercicio:
Datos:
500 m
1
300 m
10"
(m/sg) =
Km2-3 =
10 (Vlvula).
(m) =
6.00E-05
H1 (mca) =
100
Nota: Los Dimetros se indican en pulgadas y los Q en l/s.
60
200
4"
8"
6
40
30
600 m
40
400 m
2
10"
6"
II
6"
400 m
4"
200
4
30
1.140E-06
[1 - 2]
500.0
0.254
0.0
[2 - 3]
400.0
0.152
10.0
[3 - 4]
200.0
0.102
0.0
[4 - 5]
400.0
0.152
0.0
[2 - 5]
200.0
0.102
0.0
[5 - 6]
600.0
0.203
0.0
Suposicion Inicial:
Nodo
1
Presion (mca)
100.00
2
92.00
3
80.00
4
75.00
5
90.00
6
95.00
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1140
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.014251
-0.0372
-0.0079
0.06889
0.003769
0.003943
0.02196
NODO 2
Tubo
2a1
2a3
Hi
(mca)
92.000
92.000
Hj
(mca)
100.000
80.000
2a5
92.000
90.000
hf
(m)
8.000
12.000
9.398
9.984
9.853
9.882
9.876
9.877
2.000
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2500
2.2594
1.9887
2.0526
2.0384
2.0416
2.0409
2.0410
0.9727
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
80.000
Hj
(mca)
92.810
3a4
80.000
75.000
hf
(m)
12.810
10.025
10.653
10.512
10.544
10.536
10.538
5.000
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.3376
2.0569
2.1233
2.1085
2.1119
2.1111
2.1113
1.5823
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
75.000
75.000
Hj
(mca)
75.397
90.000
hf
(m)
0.397
15.000
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.4048
2.5377
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
90.000
90.000
90.000
Hj
(mca)
92.810
78.450
95.000
hf
(m)
2.810
11.550
5.000
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.1661
2.2148
1.3867
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
H2 =
0.8097
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0385
-0.0128
0.02568
0.003655
0.002566
0.00622
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0033
0.0463
0.04957
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0095
-0.0404
0.0450
0.01402
H5 =
-4.6027
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.008261
0.003086
0.01135
3.4499
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.003365
0.003498
0.008994
0.01586
-2.0152
[1 - 6]
300.0
0.254
0.0
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
95.000
95.000
Hj
(mca)
100.000
87.985
hf
(m)
5.000
7.015
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2983
1.6575
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1165
-0.0538
0.06271
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.023292
0.007662
0.03095
1.4672
4
78.450
NODO 2
Tubo
Hi
Hj
hf
2a1
2a3
(mca)
92.810
92.810
(mca)
100.000
75.397
2a5
92.810
87.985
(m)
7.190
17.412
13.580
14.453
14.255
14.300
14.289
14.292
4.825
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.1283
2.7420
2.4098
2.4891
2.4713
2.4754
2.4744
2.4746
1.5528
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
75.397
Hj
(mca)
91.857
3a4
75.397
78.450
hf
(m)
16.460
12.845
13.667
13.480
13.523
13.513
13.515
3.053
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.6631
2.3409
2.4177
2.4005
2.4045
2.4036
2.4038
1.2187
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
78.450
78.450
Hj
(mca)
79.634
87.985
hf
(m)
1.184
9.535
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.7339
2.0037
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
87.985
87.985
87.985
Hj
(mca)
91.857
81.272
96.467
hf
(m)
3.872
6.713
8.482
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.3825
1.6669
1.8312
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
5
87.985
6
96.467
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1078
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.014998
-0.0451
-0.0126
0.05011
0.003159
0.002609
0.02077
H2 =
-0.9526
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0438
0.0099
0.05373
0.003244
0.003237
0.00648
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0059
0.0366
0.04250
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0112
-0.0304
0.0594
0.04018
H5 =
4.2365
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.005025
0.003833
0.00886
2.8223
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.002895
0.004530
0.007001
0.01443
1.4121
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
96.467
96.467
Hj
(mca)
100.000
89.397
hf
(m)
3.533
7.070
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.9173
1.6643
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0972
-0.0540
0.04318
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.027500
0.007634
0.03513
0.1809
4
81.272
NODO 2
Tubo
2a1
2a3
Hi
(mca)
91.857
91.857
Hj
(mca)
100.000
79.634
2a5
91.857
89.397
hf
(m)
8.143
12.223
9.571
10.169
10.034
10.065
10.058
10.059
2.460
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2708
2.2812
2.0077
2.0723
2.0580
2.0612
2.0605
2.0606
1.0865
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
79.634
Hj
(mca)
92.665
3a4
79.634
81.272
hf
(m)
13.032
10.196
10.837
10.692
10.725
10.718
10.719
1.638
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.3586
2.0752
2.1423
2.1274
2.1308
2.1300
2.1302
0.8741
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
81.272
81.272
Hj
(mca)
81.129
89.397
hf
(m)
0.143
8.125
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.2298
1.8427
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
89.397
89.397
89.397
Hj
(mca)
92.665
81.476
96.648
hf
(m)
3.268
7.921
7.251
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.2637
1.8183
1.6866
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
5
89.397
6
96.648
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1151
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.014131
-0.0376
-0.0088
0.06867
0.003737
0.003580
0.02145
H2 =
0.8083
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0389
0.0071
0.04594
0.003625
0.004326
0.00795
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.0019
0.0336
0.03175
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0102
-0.0332
0.0547
0.03177
H5 =
1.4953
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.013023
0.004137
0.01716
0.2039
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.003135
0.004187
0.007543
0.01486
0.2383
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
96.648
96.648
Hj
(mca)
100.000
89.635
hf
(m)
3.352
7.013
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.8653
1.6572
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0945
-0.0537
0.04077
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.028197
0.007663
0.03586
0.0431
4
81.476
NODO 2
Tubo
1a2
2a3
Hi
(mca)
92.665
92.665
Hj
(mca)
100.000
81.129
2a5
92.665
89.635
hf
(m)
7.335
11.536
9.039
9.601
9.475
9.503
9.497
9.498
3.030
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.1504
2.2134
1.9485
2.0110
1.9972
2.0003
1.9996
1.9997
1.2139
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
81.129
Hj
(mca)
92.906
3a4
81.129
81.476
hf
(m)
11.777
9.226
9.800
9.671
9.700
9.694
9.695
0.347
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2374
1.9695
2.0327
2.0187
2.0218
2.0211
2.0213
0.3758
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
81.476
81.476
Hj
(mca)
81.116
89.635
hf
(m)
0.360
8.159
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.3835
1.8468
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
89.635
89.635
89.635
Hj
(mca)
92.906
81.567
96.691
hf
(m)
3.271
8.069
7.056
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.2643
1.8360
1.6626
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
5
89.635
6
96.691
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1090
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.014856
-0.0365
-0.0098
0.06264
0.003840
0.003248
0.02194
H2 =
0.2410
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0369
0.0030
0.03992
0.003803
0.008780
0.01258
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.0031
0.0337
0.03058
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0102
-0.0335
0.0539
0.03067
H5 =
-0.0131
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.008635
0.004129
0.01276
0.0906
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.003133
0.004151
0.007641
0.01493
0.0904
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
96.691
96.691
Hj
(mca)
100.000
89.726
hf
(m)
3.309
6.966
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.8527
1.6513
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0939
-0.0536
0.04033
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.028372
0.007688
0.03606
0.0180
4
81.567
NODO 2
Tubo
1a2
2a3
Hi
(mca)
92.906
92.906
Hj
(mca)
100.000
81.116
2a5
92.906
89.726
hf
(m)
7.094
11.790
9.236
9.811
9.682
9.711
9.704
9.706
3.181
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.1133
2.2387
1.9706
2.0339
2.0198
2.0230
2.0223
2.0225
1.2456
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
81.116
Hj
(mca)
92.915
3a4
81.116
81.567
hf
(m)
11.799
9.242
9.818
9.689
9.718
9.711
9.713
0.451
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2395
1.9713
2.0346
2.0206
2.0237
2.0230
2.0232
0.4339
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
81.567
81.567
Hj
(mca)
81.189
89.726
hf
(m)
0.378
8.159
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.3937
1.8467
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
89.726
89.726
89.726
Hj
(mca)
92.915
81.645
96.709
hf
(m)
3.189
8.080
6.984
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.2473
1.8374
1.6536
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
5
89.726
6
96.709
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1071
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.015095
-0.0369
-0.0101
0.06009
0.003801
0.003175
0.02207
H2 =
0.0082
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0369
0.0035
0.04042
0.003800
0.007805
0.01160
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.0032
0.0337
0.03049
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0101
-0.0335
0.0536
0.03022
H5 =
0.0730
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.008451
0.004129
0.01258
0.0786
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.003171
0.004148
0.007679
0.01500
0.0294
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
96.709
96.709
Hj
(mca)
100.000
89.755
hf
(m)
3.291
6.954
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.8474
1.6499
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0936
-0.0535
0.04010
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.028446
0.007694
0.03614
0.0057
4
81.645
NODO 2
Tubo
1a2
2a3
Hi
(mca)
92.915
92.915
Hj
(mca)
100.000
81.189
2a5
92.915
89.755
hf
(m)
7.085
11.726
9.186
9.758
9.629
9.658
9.652
9.653
3.160
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.1120
2.2323
1.9650
2.0281
2.0141
2.0172
2.0165
2.0167
1.2412
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 3
Tubo
3a2
Hi
(mca)
81.189
Hj
(mca)
92.930
3a4
81.189
81.645
hf
(m)
11.741
9.197
9.770
9.641
9.670
9.664
9.665
0.456
Velocidad
(m/s)
2.2338
1.9663
2.0294
2.0154
2.0186
2.0179
2.0180
0.4369
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 4
Tubo
4a3
4a5
Hi
(mca)
81.645
81.645
Hj
(mca)
81.250
89.755
hf
(m)
0.395
8.110
Velocidad
(m/s)
0.4037
1.8409
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
NODO 5
Tubo
5a2
5a4
5a6
Hi
(mca)
89.755
89.755
89.755
Hj
(mca)
92.930
81.695
96.715
hf
(m)
3.175
8.060
6.960
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.2443
1.8350
1.6506
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
5
89.755
6
96.715
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.1070
-0.060
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.015104
-0.0368
-0.0101
0.06017
0.003811
0.003185
0.02210
H2 =
0.0151
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.0368
0.0035
0.04035
0.003809
0.007761
0.01157
H3 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
-0.0033
0.0336
0.03031
H4 =
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0101
-0.0335
0.0535
0.03014
H5 =
0.0611
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.008280
0.004141
0.01242
0.0495
-0.030
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.003178
0.004153
0.007691
0.01502
0.0192
NODO 6
Tubo
6a1
6a5
Hi
(mca)
96.715
96.715
Hj
(mca)
100.000
89.774
hf
(m)
3.285
6.941
Velocidad
(m/s)
1.8457
1.6482
=
Mediante Ecuacion [4]:
QDi (m3/s) =
Q
(m3/s)
0.0935
-0.0535
0.04007
H6 =
-0.040
Q/hf
(m2/s)
0.028469
0.007701
0.03617
0.0040
Solucion Final
R/ Las correciones de Cabezas en todos los nodos, son pequenas, lo que indica que el proceso ha llegado
a su final, o ha tenido convergencia. Los Resultados Finales son:
Nodo
Presion (mca)
1
100.00
2
92.930
3
81.250
4
81.695
5
89.774
6
96.719
Tubo
Caudal (l/s)
[1 - 2]
107.02
[2 - 3]
36.81
[3 - 4]
-3.27
[4 - 5]
-33.47
[2 - 5]
10.09
[5 - 6]
-53.45
[1 - 6]
93.52
s
o
e