PART-A

(TWO MARKS)

1.Fluid power drives

Fluid power is the use of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and transmit power. Fluid
power is subdivided into hydraulics using a liquid such as mineral oil or water, and pneumatics
using a gas such as air or other gases. Compressed-air and water-pressure systems were once
used to transmit power from a central source to industrial users over extended geographic areas;
fluid power systems today are usually within a single building or mobile machine.
2.Types of fluid power drives
1. Pump(Gear,vane,piston)
2. Motor(axial vane motor, gear on gear motor, gear with in motor
3.Hydraulic motor
A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic pressure and flow
into torque and angular displacement (rotation). The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart
of the hydraulic cylinder.
4.Types of Hydraulic Motor
*Hydraulic gear motor
*Hydraulic vane motor
*Hydraulic piston motor
*part turn actuator
5.Pressure losses
Wall drag and changes in height lead to pressure drops in pipe fluid flow.
To calculate the pressure drop and flow rates in a section of uniform pipe running from Point A
to Point B, enter the parameters below. The pipe is assumed to be relatively straight (no sharp
bends), such that changes in pressure are due mostly to elevation changes and wall friction. (The
default calculation is for a smooth horizontal pipe carrying water, with answers rounded to 3
significant figures.)
Note that a positive z means that B is higher than A, whereas a negative z means that B is
lower than A.

6.Hydraulics
A branch of science that deals with practical applications (as the transmission of
energy or the effects of flow) of liquid (as water) in motion.
7.Pneumatics
Pneumatics is a section of technology that deals with the study and application of pressurized gas
to produce mechanical motion. Pneumatic systems used extensively in industry are commonly
powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases.
8.Hydrostatic transmission drive
A hydrostatic drive is a type of transmission that is often used on heavy equipment.
Hydrostatic transmissions use oil pressure from a hydraulic pump to power hydraulic motors.
9. Compressor
An instrument or device for compressing something (Fluid).
A machine used to supply air or other gas at increased pressure, e.g. to power a gas turbine.
An electrical device which reduces the dynamic range of a sound signal.
10. Air motors
San Air Tools air motors are of the vane motor type. Usually vane motors are coupled with a
planetary gear box. The planetary gear box has been custom made to suit input speeds. Planetary
gear boxes are provided to reduce output speeds and increase torque. Vane motors, a subset of
the widely known category of air motors are also known as pneumatic stirrers in some industry
sectors.
Advantages of Air motors
1. Even upon reaching high frequency torque, the air motor does not heat up and get damage.
The stall torque can be used to get specific tightening torque.
2. The air motor is cooled permanently by injected air. This helps to avoid overheating even
at high speed.

PART-B

(16 MARKS)

11.FLUID POWER PUMPS

Gear pumps:

Variations abound for internal and external type gear pumps. All varieties share the same
principles of operation; that is, Gear pumps produce flow by using the teeth of two meshing
gears to move the fluid.External gear pumps can be Equipped with straight spur(the most
Common type), helical, or herringbone gears.
In operation, the drive gear and driven gear rotate, creating a partial vacuum at the pump
inlet (where gear teeth unmesh) that draws fluid into gear teeth. Gear teeth mesh at the
outlet, forcing fluid out of the pump.
Internal gear pumps contain one internal and one external gear. They pump fluid in the
same manner as external spur gear pumps. In the basic design, the internal gear, which
drives the outer gear, has one tooth less than the outer gear. As they mesh, the teeth create
sliding seal points. Another design, the crescent pump, uses a crescent-shaped seal to
separate the two gears. The gerotor internal gear pump supplies a seal by means of sliding
contact, Screw pumps operate with low noise because fluid does not pulsate; it moves
linearly. Single-screw pumps contain a spiraled rotor that rotates eccentrically in an
internal stator.
Two-screw pumps use two rotors that remain in edge contact as they mesh inside a closetolerance housing. The same type of housing is used for a three-screw pump,where a
central drive rotor meshes with two idler rotors, Figure 26.
within a cylinder block. As pistons reciprocate,they convert rotary shaft motion into radial
motion. One version has cylindrical pistons, while another uses ball-shaped pistons.
Another classification refers to porting:check-valve radial piston pumps use a rotating cam
to reciprocate pistons; pintlevalve pumps have a rotating cylinder block, and piston heads
contact an eccentric stationary reaction ring.

Vane pumps;

Typically, a circular rotor mounted eccentrically in a circular chamber comprises a vane

pump. Vanes inside the rotor extend and retract due to centrifugal loading as the rotor
spins. A high pressure areatends to develop on one side of the rotor and a low pressure area
on the other, hence, the name unbalanced vane pump. To eliminate the high bearing loads
that result from this tendency, designers offered the balanced vane pump, Figure 28.
It uses two diametrically opposed high pressure areas to equalize Forces on the pump shaft.
Variations on the standard vane pump include a version in which springs hold vanes
against the housing, and another in which the vanes are moved outward by pressurized
pins. N
Piston pumps;

High performance characterizes these pumps in general, especially the bent axis variety
used in aerospace applications.

This means piston pumps can supply high flows at high rpm. Two basic types of piston
pumps- axial and radial piston are manufactured in both fixed and variable displacement
versions.
Axial piston pumps contain one or more pistons that convert rotary shaft motion into axial
reciprocating motion.
An angled cam or wobble plate rotates, causing pistons to reciprocate
and take fluid in as they move toward the thin part of the plate, Figure 27. Fluid is expelled
as pistons approach the thick end. In one version, the bent-axis design, both pistons and
shaft rotate, making a wobble plate unnecessary. Bent-axis pumps use drive shaft rotation
to rotate pistons.Radial piston pumps are characterized
by a radial piston arrangement.