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ImportantAmendmentsToTheConstitution
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GeneralKnowledgeCategory:ThePolity,India:AnOverview
ThefirstAmendmentActtotheIndianConstitutionwasmadeintheyear
1951
According to it, Articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 376 were
amended and Articles 31A and 3IB inserted and Ninth Schedule was
added.
TheConstitution(24thAmendment)Act,1971:Itaffirmedthepowerof
the Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution. After this
amendment,thePresidentisboundtoassenttoConstitutionAmendment
Bill.EducationwastransferredtotheConcurrentListbythisamendment.
TheConstitution(31stAmendment)Act,1973: increased the elective
strengthoftheLokSabhafrom525to545.UndertheAct,theupperlimit
ofrepresentativesoftheStatesgoesupfrom500to525andthatofthe
Registertoreceivelatest
updatesforFREE!
UnionTerritoriesdecreasesfrom25to20.
The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975: By this Act, Sikkim
becamethe22ndStateoftheIndianUnion.
The Constitution (37th Amendment) Act, 1975: was passed by
AllFieldsMandatory
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ParliamentonApril26,1975,toprovideforaLegislativeAssemblyanda
(Ex:9123456789)
Location
easternmostUnionTerritory.
TheConstitution(39thAmendment)Act,1975:TheBillwaspassedby
the Lok Sabha on August 7 and received Presidential assent on August
9,1975. The Act places beyond challenge in courts the election to
ParliamentofapersonholdingtheofficeofPrimeMinisterorSpeakerand
State
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theelectionofPresidentandVicePresident.
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TheConstitution(40thAmendment)Act,1976:ThisAmendmenthasa
threefold objective: (1) It places beyond challenge in courts some major
Central laws (2) It gives similar protection to several State enactments,
mostlyrelatingtolandlegislation,byincludingthemintheNinthSchedule
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of the Constitution and (3) It provides that the limits of the territorial
waters, the Continental Shelf, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the
maritimezonesofIndiashallbespecifiedfromtimetotimebylawmade
byParliament.
TheConstitution(42ndAmendment)Act,1976:Itwasenactedduring
the period of internal emergency. It was passed by Parliament on
November 11, 1976 and received Presidential assent on December 18,
1976.
TheAmendmentestablishedbeyonddoubtthesupremacyofParliament
over the other wings of Government gave the Directive Principles
precedenceovertheFundamentalRightsenumeratedforthefirsttimea
setoftenFundamentalDuties.Itfurtherimposedlimitsonthepowerand
1
2
3
4
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jurisdiction of the judiciary raised the term of the Lok Sabha and the
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VidhanSabhafromfivetosixyearsauthorisedtheuseofCentralarmed
forces in any State to deal with law and order problems, made the
PresidentboundbytheadviceoftheCouncilofMinistersandenvisaged
the establishment of administrative tribunals for service matters of
Government employees and also other tribunals for economic offences.
TheActalsoclearlylaiddownthatnoConstitutionalAmendmentcouldbe
questionedinanycourtoflaw.
The Constitution (43rd Amendment) Act, 1978: It received the
Presidential assent on April 13, 1978. This Act repeals the obnoxious
provisions of the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act passed during the
Emergency. It restores civil liberties by deleting Article 3ID which gave
powers to Parliament to curtail even legitimate trade union activity under
the guise of legislation for the prevention of antinational activities. The
newlaw,whichwasratifiedbymorethanhalfoftheStatesinaccordance
with the Constitution, also restores legislative powers to the States to
make appropriate provision for antinational activities consistent with the
Fundamental Rights. Under the Act, the judiciary has also been restored
toitsrightfulplace.TheSupremeCourtwillnowhavepowertoinvalidate
State laws, a power taken away by the 42nd Amendment Act. The High
Courtswillalsobeabletogointothequestionofconstitutionalvalidityof
Central laws thereby enabling persons living in distant places to obtain
speedyjusticewithouthavingtocometotheSupremeCourt.
TheConstitution(44thAmendment)Act,1978:TheConstitution(45th
Amendment) Bill, renumbered as the 44th Amendment came into force
onApril30,1979,whenthePresidentgavehisassent.TheActremoves
major distortions in the Constitution introduced during the Emergency.
ThedurationoftheLokSabhaandStateLegislativeAssemblieshasbeen
reduced from six to five yearsthe normal term which was extended
during the Emergencyunder the 42nd Amendment to achieve some
political purposes. The Right to Property ceases to be a Fundamental
Right and becomes only a legal right according to the Constitution 44th
Amendment.TheActalsoextends,forthefirsttimesinceindependence,
constitutional protection for publication of the proceedings of Parliament
and State Legislatures, except in cases where it is proved to be
malicious.AnotherimportantfeatureoftheActisthatanyproclamation
of Emergency need henceforward, be issued by the President only after
receiving the advice of the Cabinet as a whole in writing. The President
willnotbecalledupontoactonthebasisofadvicebythePrimeMinister
onhisownwithoutconsultinghisCabinet.Othersafeguardsprovidethat
the proclamation will have to be adopted by a twothirds majority of the
members of both Houses of Parliament within a month. The 44th
Amendment provides safeguards against future subversion of the
Constitutionforestablishinganauthoritarianregime.Itcontainsprovisions
which are designed to make it impossible to impose the kind of
emergencythecountryhadexperiencedfor19months.
The Constitution (45th Amendment) Act, 1980: The Act extends
reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
in Parliament and the State Assemblies and the representation of Anglo
Indiansbynominationforafurtherperiodof10years.
The Constitution (46th Amendment) Bill, 1982: It seeks to authorise
the government to prepare an authoritative text of the Constitution, in
Hindi.
The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985: The Act has made
defectiontoanotherparty,afterelectionsillegal.Anymemberdefectingto
another party after elections will be disqualified from being member of
ParliamentorStateLegislature.
TheConstitution(53rdAmendment)Act,1986:ItconfersStatehoodon
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The Constitution (70th Amendment) Act, 1992: Before this act was
made Article 54 relating to the election of the President provided for an
electoralcollegeconsistingonlyoftheelectedmembersofParliamentas
wellasthelegislativeassembliesoftheStates(notofUnionTerritories).
The amendment provide for inclusion of members of legislature of
PondicherryandDelhi.
The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992: The act amends the
8th Schedule to the Constitution to include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
Languagesinthe8thScheduleoftheConstitution.
The Constitution (72nd Amendment) Act, 1992: To make temporary
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ImportantAmendmentsToTheConstitution
provision for the determination of the number of seats reserved for the
ScheduledTribesintheStateassemblyofTripura,untilthereadjustment
ofseatsismadeonthebasisofthefirstcensusaftertheyear2000under
article170oftheConstitution.
TheConstitution(78thAmendment)Act,1995:Itincludeslandreform
laws in the Ninth Schedule so that they cannot be challenged before the
courts.
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ImportantAmendmentsToTheConstitution
By:NILESHKUSHWAHA|On:17NOV201417:51:09
pleasesendmeallgk¤taffairsthingsbecouseiwillprepareforMPSC
&UPSC
By:shilpa|On:28AUG201407:00:03
Good
By:kuldeepsingh|On:02JUL201410:23:17
pleasechangethewrittenmaterialrelatedto82ndamendmentbecausethats
notarticle355itisarticle335........bythewayitsnice
By:kishankumarbhujel|On:01FEB201420:45:40
What is the importance of Government Notification ? How long it will last?
What is procedure to rectify it? If it is not rectify, it remain the same or not
,pleaseadvice
By:GyaaneshChandra|On:10AUG201320:44:26
its helpful for us. please edit it if you can with all amendments made to add
languagesin8thscheduleandwiththoseamendmentswhichareforcreation
ofnewstates.thanks
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