You are on page 1of 9

DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

FIVE KINGDOMS OF WHITTAKER


1. MONERA: They do not have a defined nucleus or organelles.
The mode of nutrition is either Autotrophic or Heterotrophic.
Examples: Bacteria, Blue-green algae, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma.

2. PROTISTA: This group includes many kinds of unicellular organisms.


They use appendages, hair-like cilia, or whip-like flagella for moving
around.
The mode of nutrition is either Autotrophic or Heterotrophic.
Examples: Unicellular algae, Diatoms, Protozoans.

3. FUNGI: They are Heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms.


They use decaying organic matter as food and are called
Saprophytes.
Many of them have the capacity to become multicellular organisms.
Their cell-walls are made of a tough complex sugar called Chitin.
Examples: Yeast and Mushroom.

4. PLANTAE: They are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls.


They are Autotrophs and use chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

5. ANIMALIA: They are multicellular organisms without cell walls.


They are Heterotrophs.

PLANTAE
CRYPTOGAMAE
1. THALLOPHYTA: They do not have well-differentiated body design.
They are commonly called algae.
They are predominantly aquatic.
They have naked embryos that are called spores.

The reproductive organs are inconspicuous and are therefore called


cryptogamae or those with hidden reproductive organs.
Examples: Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora, Ulva, and Chara.

2. BRYOPHYTA:-

They are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.


They are differentiated to form stem and leaf-like structures.
There is no specialized tissue for conduction of water and other
substances in the plant body.
They have naked embryos that are called spores.
The reproductive organs are inconspicuous and are therefore called
cryptogamae or those with hidden reproductive organs.
Examples: Moss(Funaria), and Marchantia.

3. PTERIDOPHYTA:-

They are differentiated to form roots, stem, and leaves.


They have specialized tissue to conduct water and other
substances.
They have naked embryos that are called spores.
The reproductive organs are inconspicuous and are therefore called
cryptogamae or those with hidden reproductive organs.

Examples: Marsilea, Ferns, and Horse-tails.

PHANEROGRAMS

1. GYMNOSPERMS: They have well-differentiated reproductive tissues that make seeds.


They bear naked seeds and are usually perennial, evergreen and
woody.
Examples: Pine, and Deodar.

2. ANGIOSPERMS: They have well-differentiated reproductive tissues that make seeds.


The seeds develop inside an organ which is modified to become a
fruit.
Plant embryos in seeds have structures called cotyledons.
Angiosperms having single cotyledon are called Monocots.
Angiosperms having two cotyledons are called Dicots.
Examples: Paphiopedilum (Monocot), and Ipomoea (Dicot).

ANIMALIA
1. PORIFERA: They are non-motile animals and have holes or pores all over the
body.
They have a canal system that helps in circulating substances in the
body.
They are covered with a hard outside layer or skeleton.
They are called sponges and are found in the marine habitat.
Examples: Euplectelea, Sycon, and Spongilla.

2. COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA):-

They live in water and have a cavity in the body.


Their body is made of two layers of cells: one makes the outside of
the body, while the other makes the inner lining of the body.
Some of them live in colonies while others have a solitary like-span.
Examples: Hydra, Jellyfish, and Sea anemone.

3. PLATYHELMINTHES:-

Their body is bilaterally symmetrical and flattened dorsiventrally


(top to bottom).
They have three layers of cells and are called tripoblastic and
flatworms.
They have no internal cavity or coelom in which well-developed
organs can be accommodated.
They are either free-living or parasitic.
Examples: Planarians (free-living), Liverflukes, and Tapeworms
(parasitic).

4. NEMATODA (ASCHELMINTHES): They are also bilaterally symmetrical and tripoblastic.

A body cavity or pseudocoelom is present.


They are familiar as parasitic worms causing diseases such as
worms causing Elephantiasis (Filarial worms) or worms in the
intestines (Roundworm or Pinworms).
Examples: Ascaris, and Wuchereria.

5. ANNELIDA:-

They are bilaterally symmetrical and tripoblastic and have a true


body cavity.
They are found in fresh and marine habitat as well as land.
Examples: Earthworm, Leech, and Nereis.

6. ARTHROPODA:-

They are the largest group of animals and are bilaterally


symmetrical and segmented.
There is an open circulatory system and the coelomic cavity is
blood-filled.
They have jointed legs.
Examples: Prawns, Butterflies, Houseflies, Spiders, Scorpions, and
Crabs.

7. MOLLUSCA:-

They are bilaterally symmetrical and the coelomic cavity is reduced.


They have an open circulatory system and kidney-like organs for
excretion.
There is little segmentation and they have a foot that is used for
moving around.
Examples: Snails, Mussels, Chiton, Octopus, Pila, Unio.

8. ECHINODERMATA:-

They are spiny-skinned organisms and are exclusively free-living


marine animals.
They are tripoblastic and have a coelomic cavity.

They have a peculiar water-driven tube system for moving around.


They have hard calcium carbonate structures that they use as a
skeleton.
Examples: Starfish, Sea urchins, Feather star, and Sea cucumber.

9. PROTOCHORDATA:-

They are bilaterally symmetrical, tripoblastic and have a coelom.


They show a feature of body design called Notochord at some
stages of their life.
The notochord is a long rod-like support structure that runs along
the back of them.
It provides a place for muscles to attach for ease of movement.
They are marine animals and do not have a notochord at all stages
of their life.
Examples: Balanoglossus, Herdmania, and Amphioxus.

10. VERTEBRATA:-

They have a true vertebral column and internal skeleton.


They are bilaterally symmetrical, tripoblastic, coelomic, and
segmented.
They possess the following features:-

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Have a notochord
Have a dorsal nerve cord
Are tripoblastic
Have paired gill pouches
Are coelomate

They are further categorized into five groups:I. PISCES


i. AMPHIBIA
ii. REPTILIA
iii. AVES
iv. MAMMALIA

VERTEBRATA
1. PISCES:-

They are fish and are exclusively aquatic animals.


Their skin is covered with scales/plates.
They obtain oxygen dissolved in water by using gills.
Their body is streamlined, and use a muscular tail for movement.

They are cold-blooded and their hearts have only two chambers and
lay eggs.
Examples: All fish.

2. AMPHIBIA:-

They lack scales, have mucus glands in the skin and have a threechambered heart.
They lay eggs, respire either gills or lungs, and live on both land and
water.
Examples: Frogs, Toads and Salamanders.

3. REPTILIA:-

They are cold-blooded, have scales and breathe through lungs.


Most of them have a three-chambered heart while a crocodile has a
four-chambered heart.
They lay eggs with tough coverings on land.
Examples: Snakes, Turtles, Lizards, and Crocodiles.

4. AVES:-

They are warm-blooded animals with a four-chambered heart and


lay eggs.
They have an outside covering of feathers and two forelimbs
modified for flight.

They breathe through lungs.


Examples: All birds.

5. MAMMALIA:-

They are warm-blooded animals with four-chambered hearts.


They have mammary glands for production of milk to nourish their
young ones.
Their skin has hairs as well as sweat and oil glands.
Most of them produce young ones except the platypus and echidna
which lay eggs and the kangaroo which gives birth to poorly
developed young ones.
Examples: Human beings, Cats, Rats, Whales, and Bats.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR ANIMALS


1. Prawn
2. Scorpion
3. Spider
4. Cockroach
5. Housefly
6. Centipede
7. Feather star
8. Sea cucumber
9. Sea urchin
10. Starfish
11. Mandarin fish
12. Angler fish
13. Lion fish
14. Dog fish
15. Rohu
16. Sea horse
17. Flying fish
18. Climbing perch
19. Common frog
20. Tree frog
21. Flying lizard
22. House wall lizard

Palaemon
Palamnaeus
Aranea
Pariplaneta
Musca
Scolopendra
Antedon
Holothuria
Echinus
Asterias
Synchiropus splendidus
Caulophyryne jordani
Pterois volitans
Scoliodon
Labeo rohita
Male Hippocampus
Exocoetus
Anabas
Rana tigrina
Hyla
Draco
Hemidactylus

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

White stork
Ostrich
Male tufted duck
Crow
Sparrow
Pigeon
Tiger
Elephant
Cat
Bats
Giraffe
Common dolphin
Blue whale
Dog
Rat
Human beings

Ciconia ciconia
Struthio camelus
Aythya fuligula
Corvus
Passeridae
Columbidae
Panthera tigris
Proboscidea
Felidae
Chiroptera
Giraffa Camelopardalis
Delphinus delphis
Balaenoptera musculus
Canus lupus familiaris
Rattus
Homo sapiens

You might also like