Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shot
Circuit
Table
of
Contents
Disclaimer
..................................................................................................................
2
Introduction
...............................................................................................................
3
The
Circuit
.................................................................................................................
4
Power
........................................................................................................................
5
Timing
and
Trigger
.....................................................................................................
6
Output
.......................................................................................................................
8
PCB
..........................................................................................................................
10
Bill
of
materials
........................................................................................................
13
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................
14
Disclaimer
Using
this
circuit/design
implies
the
acceptance
of
the
following
terms:
1. The
usage
of
this
circuit
is
under
your
completely
responsibility.
Any
damage,
malfunction
or
side
effect
produced
by
it
is
at
your
own
risk.
2. Ensure
yourself
that
you
have
sufficient
electrical
knowledge
and
skills
(soldering,
relays,
power
connections,
safety)
to
build,
use
and
install
this
circuit.
3. Before
using
this
circuit
you
must
ensure
yourself
that
you
understand
how
it
works
and
how
must
be
used,
his
drawbacks
and
the
protections
and
precautions
that
must
be
taken.
Read
this
document
completely
before
usage.
4. You
accept
that
this
circuit
is
not
going
to
be
used
for
any
illegal
action.
Introduction
This
circuit
implements
a
multi
porpoise
delay
or
time-out
circuit.
It
is
based
on
the
veteran
555
IC
and
its
mono
stable
configuration.
For
what?,
this
circuit
is
designed
for
driving
its
output
high
(or
low)
during
some
time
(it
depends
on
the
value
of
a
capacitor
and
a
resistor)
since
its
powered
on
(only
one
time).
So
it
drives
the
output
high
for
some
time
when
it
is
powered.
And
for
what
you
can
use
it?,
well,
whenever
you
need
something
on
or
off
for
some
time
at
startup
The
555
IC
is
an
old
and
frequently
used
IC
on
time
related
circuits,
is
cheap,
versatile,
available,
configurable
and
all
able
you
can
think.
You
can
find
documentation
about
the
555
all
around
Internet
but
I
suggest
you:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm
http://www.doctronics.co.uk/555.htm
http://home.cogeco.ca/~rpaisley4/LM555.html
http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM555.pdf
The
main
characteristics
that
are
useful
for
our
target
environment
(a
car)
of
that
integrated
circuit
are:
Supply
voltage:
from
4.5v
to
16v
(some
models
allow
up
to
18v).
This
is
perfect
for
our
12v-14v
environment
as
we
dont
need
to
take
care
about
power
supply
conversion
(up
or
down),
regulation,
fluctuations
and
so
on.
Output
voltage:
two
volts
less
than
the
input
more
or
less
(some
models
give
rail
to
rail).
Output
current:
200
ma,
sufficient
enough
to
power
up
(sourcing
or
sinking)
a
relay,
a
lamp
or
a
led.
Read
the
datasheet
of
your
555
model
because
for
example
the
icm7555
is
a
low
power
version
that
can
only
sink
or
source
20ma,
insufficient
for
a
relay
or
lamp.
Configurable
time
delay
using
only
one
resistor
and
one
capacitor.
The
Circuit
Here
is
the
schematic
of
the
circuit:
The
circuit
can
be
dissected
on:
Center:
the
555
Integrated
Circuit
Bottom
right:
power
supply
connect
here
the
battery
positive
and
negative
terminals.
It
uses
a
0.1uF
capacitor
for
decoupling.
Far
left:
auto
trigger
(C1
&
R1)
fires
up
the
555
on
power
on.
Left
:
timing.
The
delay
configuration
is
made
by
capacitor
C
and
resistor
R
following
the
formula:
T
=
1.1
*
C
*
R
,
C
in
farads,
R
in
ohms,
and
the
result
will
be
in
seconds.
In
our
example
T
=
1.1
*
0.0001
*
36000
=
3.96s
Right
top:
output
section:
from
top
to
bottom:
direct
lamp
connection,
led
output
and
last
relay
output.
Each
section
is
depth
explained
on
the
following
pages.
Power
As
you
can
see
the
power
supply
must
be
connected
to
pins
1
(GND)
and
pin
8
(VCC)
of
the
555.
You
must
connect
the
battery
positive
12v
to
BAT+
and
battery
negative
or
ground
to
BAT-.
Considerations
that
you
may
take
into
account:
The
circuit
is
not
protected
with
a
fuse.
So
take
care
in
order
to
not
produce
a
short
circuit.
There
is
no
reverse
power
supply
protection,
so
dont
swap
BAT+
or
BAT-.
A
protection
diode
could
be
used
but
this
will
drop
the
voltage
and
will
make
the
lamp
output
a
lamp
darker
than
without
it,
so
add
it
if
you
need
it.
There
is
a
small
0.1uF
decoupling
capacitor
on
the
input,
if
you
need
a
bigger
power
reservoir
increase
its
capacity
or
use
a
big
one
in
parallel.
Here
you
can
see
the
timing
and
triggering
section
of
the
circuit,
trigger
on
pin
two,
and
timing
configuration
on
six
and
seven.
The
chosen
configuration
of
the
555
is
its
mono
stable
one,
what
does
that
means?,
the
555
have
four
main
configurations:
Astable:
for
square
wave
generation
Monostable:
giving
a
single
pulse
when
triggered
Bistable:
working
as
a
bistable.
Buffer:
inverting
buffer.
We
are
interested
on
the
second
one,
monostable
in
order
to
generate
a
single
pulse
when
the
circuit
is
triggered.
What
means
triggered?,
the
circuit
fires
its
output
high
when
the
trigger
pin
goes
from
high
to
low
producing
a
negative
pulse
on
the
second
pin
the
555
is
triggered
(look
at
the
pin
and
see
that
it
is
negated
so
is
an
active
low
signal/pin).
For
how
long?,
it
depends
on
R
and
C,
connected
both
to
pin
6&7.
The
duration
of
the
pulse
can
be
calculated
using
the
formula:
T
=
1.1
*
C
*
R,
and
as
was
said
before,
C
in
farads
and
R
in
ohms,
in
our
example
T
=
1.1
*
0.0001
*
36000
=
3.96s.
As
you
can
see
both
the
firing
and
timing
sections
of
the
circuit
are
the
same
but
with
different
values.
This
kind
of
circuits
based
on
a
resistor
and
a
capacitor
are
known
as
a
RC
circuit
and
is
widely
studied
and
used
on
analogue
electronics.
Basically
a
RC
circuit
is
a
delay
circuit,
the
capacitor
C
is
charged
using
the
current
that
passes
by
R.
Why
we
need
R?,
because
we
need
to
limit
in
some
way
the
current
that
charges
the
capacitor.
So
the
bigger
R
is,
the
slow
C
will
be
charged;
the
bigger
C
is
bigger
is
the
time
needed
to
charge
it.
You
may
ask
if
a
RC
circuit
is
a
time
delay
circuit
on
its
own,
why
dont
use
it
for
our
porpoise?.
Well
Im
not
an
electronics
engineer
but
some
reasons
come
quickly
to
my
mind.
First
of
all
the
non-linearity
of
the
capacitor
charging,
it
follows
an
exponential
curve,
so
the
capacitor
voltage
follows
an
exponential
curve.
Second
the
current
that
this
circuit
allows
will
be
low
and
there
will
be
a
lot
of
power
dissipation
on
the
resistor.
Third,
how
will
this
circuit
be
discharged
to
have
its
output
low
after
some
time?.
I
think
that
there
are
a
lot
of
reasons
that
this
circuit
will
not
be
suitable
for
our
porpoises
and
the
handy
cheap
and
old
555
is
our
best
friend
here.
When
configuring
the
timing
of
the
circuit
you
must
consider:
First
choose
the
capacitor
value,
as
capacitors
are
available
in
many
less
values
than
resistors.
The
maximum
capacitance
of
a
capacitor
will
be
1000uF
(used
for
large
delays).
If
you
choose
big
resistors
the
capacitor
will
charge
slowly,
and
if
it
is
a
bad
capacitor
(electrolytic
for
example)
it
will
have
leakage
currents,
so
if
the
leakage
currents
are
greater
than
the
charge
rate
the
capacitor
will
never
charge
up
and
it
will
not
fire
the
internals
of
the
555
to
enable
the
output
high.
The
accuracy
of
the
explained
formula
depends
on
the
quality
and
tolerance
of
the
components
used.
If
you
need
a
variable
delay
do
it
using
a
variable
resistor
in
series
with
a
1K
resistor
because
the
555
needs
a
minimum
of
1K
resistor
on
the
timing
pins
6&7.
The
pin
CV
(5)
is
tied
to
ground
using
a
decoupling
capacitor,
in
some
555
models
this
capacitor
is
not
needed
and
can
be
removed,
read
the
datasheet
and
if
you
doubt
use
it.
The
reset
pin
(4)
is
also
active
low
so
it
is
tied
directly
to
positive
in
order
to
prevent
a
false
reset.
Output
Finally
here
we
have
the
output
stage
of
the
circuit.
As
we
said
previously
the
pin
number
3
will
go
high
for
1.1*R*C
in
this
configuration
when
the
555
is
triggered.
The
555
allow
in
its
output
pin
(3)
a
maximum
load
of
200ma
(check
your
part
number
as
some
versions
allows
less
current).
Sufficient
enough
for
all
the
three
outputs
that
are
proposed
here
(From
top
to
bottom):
Lamp:
direct
lamp
driving,
as
lamps
dont
needs
a
current
limiting
resistor,
connect
this
output
to
a
lamp
on
the
car.
If
power
is
voltage
plus
intensity,
in
our
environment
of
12v
and
0.2
amps
that
the
555
supports
we
can
use
as
maximum
0.2
*
12
=
2.4W
lamp.
Led:
nowadays
cars
also
have
LEDs
on
the
dashboard
and
in
other
places,
so
this
output
is
designed
for
them.
As
you
may
know
LEDs
needs
a
current
limiting
resistor
in
order
to
no
blow
up,
so
choose
R2
to
limit
the
LED
current.
Typical
LED
working
current
is
in
the
range
of
20
or
25
milliamps,
so
at
12V,
I
=
V/R,
R
=
V/I,
R
=
12/0.025,
R
=
480
ohms.
So
using
the
next
standard
value
of
560
or
680
will
be
sufficient.
Relay:
If
we
need
more
power
or
drive
anything
different
than
a
led
or
lamp,
use
this
output.
This
output
uses
a
Single
Pole
Dual
Throw
relay,
or
SPDT
relay,
meaning
that
with
only
one
controlling
signal
(output
pin
3
of
the
555)
we
control
two
different
outputs
on
the
relay,
one
normally
open
that
is
disconnected
when
the
relay
is
off
and
one
that
is
normally
closed
when
the
relay
is
off.
What
signal
or
voltage
goes
throw
the
relay,
well,
if
you
see
the
circuit
none.
You
must
do
a
short
circuit
between
the
pads
V+
or
GND
to
the
IN
pad,
choosing
on
this
way
what
voltage
will
be
present
on
the
relay.
The
two
diodes
used
on
the
relay
are
used
for
protecting
the
555
and
are
NOT
optional.
One
relay
that
it
will
be
suitable
for
your
needs
would
be
the:
So
if
we
follow
the
Model
Number
Legend
for
a
12V
environment
we
end
with
the
model
G5V-1
12VDC
If
you
need
something
different
feel
free
to
choose
another
brand
or
model.
PCB
Here
you
have
the
PCB
proposed
for
that
circuit
where
you
can
see
at
the
top
right
the
power
connection,
top
left
the
input
of
the
relay
(short
circuit
with
the
soldering
iron
to
V+
or
GND),
middle
right
the
timing
resistor
and
capacitor,
middle
center
the
555,
middle
left
the
relay,
bottom
left
the
relay
output
and
bottom
middle
the
LED
and
LAMP
outputs.
Also
here
you
have
the
a
cleaner
PCB
without
packages,
names
and
so:
Here
you
have
a
render
of
the
circuit
using
Eagle3D,
some
components
are
missing
because
the
package
is
not
present
on
Eagle3D
(for
example
the
G5V1
relay)
The
dimensions
of
the
circuit
are
about
four
squared
cm.
Bill
of
materials
Here
is
the
BOM
for
that
circuit:
ICs
555
IC:
NE555
or
similar
Resistors
(1/4w)
R
(choose
it
for
your
time
needs)
(36K
and
a
100uF
gives
us
a
3.96s
pulse)
R1
100K
R2
560
or
680
ohms
Capacitors
(electrolytic
or
another
polarized
ones)
C
(choose
it
for
your
time
needs)
(100uF
and
36K
gives
us
a
3.96s
pulse)
C1
1uF
C2
0.01uF
C3
0.1uF
Diodes
(power
ones
not
signal
diodes)
D1
any
1N400X
will
be
ok,
for
example
1N4004
D2
same
as
D1
Relay
K1
one
suitable
for
your
needs,
for
example
the
Omrom
G5V-1
12VDC
Conclusion
Attached
to
this
document
you
may
have
received
the
cadsoft
eagle
(http://www.cadsoftusa.com)
schematics
and
board
files
to
modify
the
circuit
to
suit
your
needs,
print
a
transparent
sheet
or
whatever
you
need
to
produce
the
pcb.
Also,
as
the
circuit
is
not
very
complicated,
it
could
be
done
with
a
perforated
pcb
board.
I
remember
you
that
I
had
no
responsibility
on
the
usage
or
damage
caused
by
this
design,
use
it
at
your
own,
I
do
my
best
but
maybe
I
did
something
wrong,
so
try
it
and
test
it
before
using
for
something
serious.
Finally
I
want
to
give
thanks
to
the
Digital
Kaos
forum
(http://www.digital-kaos.co.uk),
and
all
the
cool
people
around
there.
Thanks
guys
for
your
fantastic
work
and
help.