Medication administration terminologies

1. BID - twice daily

2. OD - once daily

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TID - three times a day

QID - four times a day
a.c. - before meals
p.c. - after meal
HS - hours of sleep, at bedtime
QOD - every other day

Terminologies on effects of drug

1. Therapeutic effect - the primary effects intended, that is the reason the drug
is prescribed. Aka desired effect
2. Side effect - the effect of the drug that is unintended. Aka secondary effect
3. Drug allergy - the immunologic reaction to the drug
4. Anaphylactic reaction - a severe allergic reaction which usually occurs
immediately following administration of the drug
5. Drug tolerance

- a decreased physiologic response to the repeated

administration of a drug or chemically related substance. Excessive increase

in the dosage is required in order to maintain the desired therapeutic effect
6. Cumulative effect - it is increasing response to the repeated doses of a drug
that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or
excretion
7. Idiosyncratic effect - it is unexpected peculiar response to the drug. It is either
over

response,

under

response,

different

response

than

expected,

unpredictable or unexplained responses

8. Drug abuse - inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or
periodically
9. Drug dependence - it is a person's reliance to take a drug or a substance.
Intense physical or emotional disturbance is produced if the drug is withdrawn
10. Addiction - it is due to biochemical changes in the body tissues, especially the
nervous system. These tissues come to require the substance for normal
functioning. Aka physical dependence
11. Habituation - it is the emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of wellbeing accompanied by feelings of need or cravings for the drug. Aka
psychological dependence
12. Drug interaction - effects of one drug are modified by the prior or concurrent
administration of another drug, thereby increasing or decreasing the
pharmacological action
13. Drug antagonism - conjoint effect of two drugs is less than the drugs acting
separately
14. Summation - the combined effect of two drugs produces a result that equals
the sum of the individual effects of each agent
Prepared by: Fitz Gerald V. Jaminit, BSN, RN, CNN, MAN
HIV/AIDS Counselor, Diabetes Educator
NCM 100 Lecturer - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig

15. Synergism - the combined effects of drugs is greater than the sum of each
individual agent acting independently
16. Potentiation - the concurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug
increases the effect of the other drug
Reference: Udan, 2009, Mastering Fundamentals of Nursing, 3rd Ed.

Prepared by: Fitz Gerald V. Jaminit, BSN, RN, CNN, MAN

HIV/AIDS Counselor, Diabetes Educator
NCM 100 Lecturer - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig