Toc LRFD Third Ed

MANUAL
of
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Load and Resistance

Factor Design
Third Edition
vi
Copyright 2001
by
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
ISBN 1-56424-051-7
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance
with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While
it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon
for any specific application without competent professional examination and
verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional
engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein
is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American
Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this
information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from
infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information
assumes all liability arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes
developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such
material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the
printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other
than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial
publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing: November 2001
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
vii
PREFACE
rd
This 3 Edition LRFD Manual of Steel Construction is the twelfth major update of the
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, which was first published in 1927. With this revision,
member and connection design information has been condensed back into a single
volume. It has been reorganized and reformatted to provide practical and efficient access
to the information it contains, with a roadmap format to guide the user quickly to the
applicable specifications, codes and standards, as well as the applicable provisions in
those standards.
The following specifications, codes and standards are included in or with this Manual:
1999 LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

2000 LRFD Specification for Steel Hollow Structural Sections
2000 LRFD Specification for Single-Angle Members
2000 RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
2000 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
AISC Shapes Database V3 CD
The following major improvements have been made in this revision:
Workable gages for flange fasteners have been reintroduced.

The revised T, k and k1 values for W-shapes and the 0.93 wall-thickness reduction
factor for HSS have been considered.
Guidance is provided on the new OSHA safety regulations, stability bracing
requirements and proper material specification.
New information is provided on design drawing information requirements, criteria
needed for connection design, mill, fabrication and erection tolerances, faade
issues, temperature effects and fire protection requirements with summaries of
common UL assemblies.
Shape information has been updated to the current series.
Coverage of round HSS has been added.
Dimensions and properties have been added for double channels back-to-back.
Tables of surface and box perimeter, weight/area-to-perimeter ratios and surface
areas have been expanded to cover all common structural shapes.
A new section on properly specifying materials, including shapes, plates, fasteners
and other products, has been added.
New information on corrosion protection and seismic design has been added.
A new section has been added with design aids for tension members, including
explicit consideration of net section requirements to ensure connectable member
selection.
Beam selection tables are included for selection based upon Ix, Zx, Iy, and Zy.
Beam charts (Mn vs. Lb) are plotted for both W-shapes and channels.
New floor plate deflection and bending design aids have been added.
Additional beam diagrams and formulas have been added.
A new section has been added with design aids for W-shape beam-columns.
New bolt length selection tables have been added.
Bolt entering and tightening clearances have been updated.
Bolting information has been updated for consistency with the 2000 RCSC
Specification.
viii
Welding information, including the prequalified welded joint tables, has been
updated to for consistency with AWS D1.1-2000.
Information on prying action, Whitmore section and strength of coped beams has
been updated.
Selection tables for shear end-plate connections and single-plate connections have
been improved and expanded, including single-plate connections with up to 12
1
rows of bolts and up to 1 /8-in. diameter.
New information and examples for flexible moment connections has been added as
an update of Disques historic type 2 with wind moment connection design
approach.
Previous limitations on the use of moment end-plate connections have been
relaxed.
Information on the design of anchor rods has been updated, including a new table
of minimum dimensions for washers used with anchor rods.
Composite member tables have been updated to include coverage of both 4 ksi
and 5 ksi concrete.
A cross-reference between U.S. customary and Metric shapes series has been
included.
In addition, many other improvements have been made throughout this Manual.
By the AISC Committee on Manuals and Textbooks,
William A. Thornton, Chairman
Barry L. Barger, Vice Chairman
Charles J. Carter
Robert O. Disque
Marshall T. Ferrell
Lanny J. Flynn
Mark V. Holland
Bill R. Lindley II
Leonard R. Middleton
William C. Minchin
Thomas M. Murray
Charles R. Page
Davis G. Parsons II
David T. Ricker
Marc L. Sorenson
Scott T. Undershute
Gary C. Violette
Michael A. West
Heath E. Mitchell, Secretary
The Committee gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this
Manual: Abbas Aminmansour, Roger L. Brockenbrough, Jennifer R. Ceccotti, Harry A.
Cole, Richard A. DeVries, Guy J. Engebretson, Areti Gertos, Louis F. Geschwindner, Jr.,
John L. Harris III, Richard C. Kaehler, Suzanne W. Kaehler, Gerald F. Loberger, Jr.,
William T. Segui, Janet S. Tuegel, and Ramulu S. Vinnakota.
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PART 1
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS
W-, M-, S- and HP-Shapes
Channels
Angles
14
Structural Tees (WT-, MT- and ST-Shapes)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)

Steel Pipe
Double Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Double Channels
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
18
W-Shapes with Cap Channels
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
S-Shapes with Cap Channels
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Plate Products
Crane Rails
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Other Structural Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STANDARD MILL PRACTICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
Hot-Rolled Structural Shapes

Hollow Structural Sections
Steel Pipe
110
Plate Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
TABLES OF DESIGN DIMENSIONS, DETAILING DIMENSIONS AND AXIAL,

STRONG-AXIS FLEXURAL AND WEAK-AXIS FLEXURAL PROPERTIES
. . . . .
112
Table 1-1. W-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
Table 1-2. M-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
Table 1-3. S-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Table 1-4. HP-Shapes

Table 1-5. C-Shapes
Table 1-6. MC-Shapes

Table 1-7. Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
134
Table 1-8. WT-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
Table 1-9. MT-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
152
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Table 1-10. ST-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
Table 1-11. Rectangular (and Square) HSS

Table 1-12. Round HSS
Table 1-13. Steel Pipe
154
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
174
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177
Table 1-14. Double Angles

Table 1-15. 2C-Shapes
Table 1-16. 2MC-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
Table 1-17. W-Shapes with Cap Channels
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
180
Table 1-18. S-Shapes with Cap Channels
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
182
Table 1-19. Areas of Rectangular Plates and Bars
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-20. Weights of Rectangular Plates and Bars

Table 1-21. Areas and Weights of Round Bars
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
186
. . . . . . . .
187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
188
Table 1-22. AISI Standard Nomenclature for Flat-Rolled Carbon Steel

Table 1-23. Weights of Raised-Pattern Floor Plates
Table 1-24. Crane Rails
184
. . . . . .
189
Table 1-25. W-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
189
Table 1-26. M-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
194
Table 1-27. S-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
195
TABLES OF TORSIONAL AND FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL PROPERTIES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
196
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
196

Table 1-29. C-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
197
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
198

Table 1-31. Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1101
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1106
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1108
TABLES OF SURFACE AREAS, BOX PERIMETERS AND AREAS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1111
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1111
Table 1-37. M-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1116
Table 1-38. S-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1117
AND W /D AND A/P RATIOS

Table 1-40. C-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1118
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1119
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1120
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1121

Table 1-42. Angles
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1124
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1129
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1130
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1131
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1138
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1141

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1142
Table 1-50. LLBB Double Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1143
Table 1-51. SLBB Double Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1145
Table 1-49. Equal-Leg Double Angles .
Table 1-52. 2C-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-53. 2MC-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1149
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1149
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1152
Table 1-55. S-Shapes, M-Shapes, and Channels

Table 1-56. WT-, MT-, and ST-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1153
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1154
Table 1-57. Angles, Structural Size

Table 1-58. Angles, Bar Size
1148
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STANDARD MILL PRACTICES SUMMARY TABLES

Table 1-54. W-Shapes and HP-Shapes
1147
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1155
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1156

Table 1-60. Round HSS and Steel Pipe
Table 1-61. Rectangular Sheared Plates and Universal Mill Plates
. . . . . . . . . . .
1157
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PART 2
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Additional Requirements for Single-Angle Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Requirements for Bolted Joints with High-Strength Bolts

Additional Requirements for Welded Joints
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Additional Requirements for Seismic Applications

Other AISC Reference Documents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Columns and Column Base Plates

Safety Cables .
Walking/Working Surfaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Beams and Bracing .

Joists
Controlling Contractor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
Fall Protection
Lifts
26
. . . . . . . . .
Additional Requirements for Steel-to-Concrete Anchorage
OSHA REQUIREMENTS
25
. . . . . . . . . . .
Specifications, Codes and Standards for Structural Steel Buildings

Additional Requirements for HSS and Steel Pipe .
25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
FUNDAMENTALS OF LIMIT-STATES DESIGN

Loads, Load Factors and Load Combinations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
Serviceability .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
DESIGN BASIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
Nominal Strengths, Resistance Factors and Design Strengths
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
213
Frame Analysis, Stability and Leaning Columns

Stability Bracing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
213
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
213
Approximate Method
Simple-Span Beams
Beam Ends Supported on Bearing Plates .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beams and Girders Framing Continuously Over Columns
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
213
213
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PROPERLY SPECIFYING MATERIALS

Availability
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
220
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
220
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221
W-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221
M-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221
Structural Shapes
S-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
HP-Shapes
Channels
Angles
Structural Tees
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rectangular (and Square) HSS
222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
Round HSS
Steel Pipe
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
Plate Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
Structural Plates
Structural Bars
223
Raised-Pattern Floor Plates
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
Sheet and Strip .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
227
Fastening Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
227
Conventional Bolts .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
228
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
228
Twist-Off-Type Tension-Control Bolt Assemblies

Nuts
227
Washers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
228
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
228
Compressible-Washer-Type Direct-Tension Indicators

Anchor Rods
Threaded Rods
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
Shear-Stud Connectors
Other Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
Steel Castings and Forgings

Crane Rails
229
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forged Steel Structural Hardware

Filler Metal
228
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
229
CONTRACT DOCUMENT INFORMATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Drawings, Specifications and Other Contract Documents

Required Information
230
. . . . . . . . . . . .
230
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
230
P1: MRM
PB067-P2
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 8, 2001
17:53
Char Count= 0
23
Information Required Only When Specified

Approvals Required
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
230
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
231
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
231
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
232
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
232
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
233
Establishing Criteria for Connections .

Simple Shear Connections
Moment Connections
Truss Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
Horizontal and Vertical Bracing Connections

Strut and Tie Connections
TOLERANCES
Mill Tolerances
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
Fabrication Tolerances
Erection Tolerances
Building Facade Tolerances
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
235
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
235
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
235
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
CAMBER, SWEEP AND STRAIGHTENING

Beam Camber and Sweep
Cold Bending
Hot Bending
234
Truss Camber
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
Straightening
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
FIRE PROTECTION AND ENGINEERING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
240
Conventional Fire-Resistant Design and Construction

Rated Assemblies
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
240
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
241
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Assemblies

Restrained and Unrestrained Ratings
. . . . . . . . . .
242
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
244
Compatibility of Primer and Paint on Spray-Applied Fireproofing

Fire Engineering
239
Assessment of Fire Damage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
244
CORROSION PROTECTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
248
RENOVATION AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

THERMAL EFFECTS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
248
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
248
Expansion and Contraction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elevated-Temperature Service
Low-Temperature Service
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
250
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
250
FATIGUE AND FRACTURE CONTROL

Avoiding Brittle Fracture
248
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
250
250
P1: MRM
PB067-P2
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 8, 2001
17:53
Char Count= 0
24
Avoiding Lamellar Tearing

SEISMIC DESIGN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
253
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
Wind Applications and Low-Seismic Applications

High-Seismic Applications
PART 2 REFERENCES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
255
P1: GMV
PB067-P3
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 27, 2001
11:27
Char Count= 0
31
PART 3
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND EFFECTIVE AREA

Gross Area
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effective Area
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TENSILE DESIGN STRENGTH
33
33
33
33
33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
Yielding Limit State
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
Rupture Limit State
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
. . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Special Requirements for Heavy Shapes and Plates
Slenderness
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Built-Up Tension Members

Pin-Connected Plates
Eyebars
Concentrated Forces
Fatigue
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Serviceability
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 3.1. W-Shape Tension Member Design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
310
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
311
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313
Example 3.5. Round HSS Tension Member Design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
315
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
Example 3.7. Double-Angle Tension Member Design.

STEEL TENSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES
Table 3-1. W-Shapes
35
37
Example 3.4. Rectangular HSS Tension Member Design.
Example 3.6. Steel Pipe Tension Member Design.
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 3.2. Single-Angle Tension Member Design.

Example 3.3. WT-Shape Tension Member Design.
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
Table 3-2. Single Angles

P1: GMV
PB067-P3
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 27, 2001
11:27
32
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316

Char Count= 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
316
P1: GIG
PB067-P4
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 2, 2001
1:47
Char Count= 0
41
PART 4
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
. . . .
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
COMPACT, NON-COMPACT AND SLENDER-ELEMENT CROSS-SECTIONS

Determining the Width-Thickness Ratios of the Cross-Section
43
Width-Thickness Limits for Compact and Non-Compact Cross-Sections
. . . . . . . .
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
Doubly Symmetric Compression Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
Singly Symmetric Compression Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Effective Width Factor for Slender-Element Cross-Sections
Point-Symmetric and Unsymmetric Compression Members
44
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Stiffness Reduction Factor for Inelastic Buckling

Column Slenderness Parameter c
44
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS

Physical and Effective Column Lengths
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
COMPRESSIVE DESIGN STRENGTH FOR COMPACT AND NON-COMPACT

CROSS-SECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
COMPRESSIVE DESIGN STRENGTH FOR SLENDER-ELEMENT

CROSS-SECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46

COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS
. . .
46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46

Slenderness
Plastic Analysis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Built-Up Compression Members

Pin-Connected Plates
46
Tapered Compression Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
P1: GIG
PB067-P4
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 2, 2001
1:47
42
Serviceability
Char Count= 0
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 4.1. W-shape compression member design (braced frame).
. . . . . . . . .
47
47
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
412
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
413
EXAMPLE 4.3. Single-angle compression member design.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
413
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
414
EXAMPLE 4.5. Rectangular HSS compression member design.

EXAMPLE 4.6. Steel pipe compression member design.
47
. . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 4.2. W-shape compression member design (moment frame).
EXAMPLE 4.4. WT-shape compression member design.
47
EXAMPLE 4.7. Double-angle compression member design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 4.8. Rectangular HSS filled with 5-ksi normal-weight concrete.
. . . . . .
414
415
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
Table 4-2. W-Shapes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
STEEL COMPRESSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES

Table 4-1. Stiffness Reduction Factor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
417
Table 4-4. Single Angles

Table 4-6. Rectangular HSS .
417
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
417
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
417

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
417
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-9. Equal-Leg Double Angles

Table 4-10. LLBB Double Angles
Table 4-11. SLBB Double Angles .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPOSITE COMPRESSION-MEMBER SELECTION TABLES
. . . . . . . . . . .
418
418
Table 4-12. Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-13. Rectangular HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-14. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-15. Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-16. Steel Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . . . . . .
418
Table 4-17. Steel Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal-Weight Concrete
. . . . . . . . . . . .
419
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
419
PART 4 REFERENCES
P1: GIG
PB067-P5
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:26
Char Count= 0
51
PART 5
DESIGN OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND EFFECTIVE AREA
55
55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
For Flexure
For Shear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55

(LOCAL BUCKLING)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determining the Width-Thickness Ratios of the Cross-Section
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
55
. . . . . . . .
55
. . . . . . . . . . . .
56
Classification of Spans for Flexure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
Consideration of Moment Gradient
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
Width-Thickness Limits for Compact and Non-Compact Cross-Sections

UNBRACED LENGTH (LATERAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING)
FLEXURAL DESIGN STRENGTH FOR STRONG-AXIS BENDING

Requirements for Braced, Compact Members
. . . . . . . . . .
57
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
Additional Requirements for Unbraced Length L b Greater Than L p
. . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Requirements for Cross-Sections with Non-Compact or Slender Flanges
. .
58
. . .
58
. . . . . . . . . . .
59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Additional Requirements for Cross-Sections with Non-Compact or Slender Webs

FLEXURAL DESIGN STRENGTH FOR WEAK-AXIS BENDING
SHEAR DESIGN STRENGTH
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
STEEL W-SHAPE BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLABS

Concrete Slab Effective Width
Shear Stud Connectors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
Flexural Design Strength for Positive Moment

Shored and Unshored Construction
Shear Design Strength
. . .
510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510

Plastic Analysis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
Web Openings
Plate Girders
58
Tapered Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
510
P1: GIG
PB067-P5
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:26
Char Count= 0
52
Concentrated Forces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
511
Ponding
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
511
Fatigue
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
511
Torsion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
511
Serviceability
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
511
512
512
EXAMPLE 5.1. W-shape flexural member design (design strength of compact shape
in strong-axis bending).
512
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 5.2. W-shape flexural member design (design strength of non-compact

shape in strong-axis bending).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
516
EXAMPLE 5.3. W-shape flexural member design (selection by moment of inertia

for strong-axis bending).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
520
EXAMPLE 5.4. W-shape flexural member design (selection using plots of b M p

vs. L b for strong-axis bending).
521
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 5.5. W-shape flexural member design (determination of maximum end

reaction for strong-axis bending).
521
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
523
. .
525
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
527
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
528
EXAMPLE 5.6. Composite W-shape flexural member design (unshored construction).

EXAMPLE 5.7. Composite W-shape flexural member design (shored construction).
EXAMPLE 5.8. Composite W-shape flexural member design (determination
of maximum end reaction for strong-axis bending). .
STEEL BEAM SELECTION TABLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
528
Table 5-2. W-Shapes Selection by Ix
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
529
Table 5-3. W-Shapes Selection by Z x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
529
Table 5-1. Beam Bending Coefficient Cb
. . . . . . . . . . . .
529
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
530
Table 5-6. W-Shapes Selection by I y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
530
Table 5-7. W-Shapes Selection by Z y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
530
Table 5-4. W-Shapes Maximum Total Factored Uniform Load

Table 5-5. W-Shapes Plots of b Mnx vs. L b
Table 5-8. S-Shapes Maximum Factored Uniform Load
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
Table 5-9. C-Shapes Maximum Factored Uniform Load
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
Table 5-10. MC-Shapes Maximum Factored Uniform Load

Table 5-11. C- and MC-Shapes Plots of b Mnx vs. L b
Table 5-12. Floor Plates
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
531
COMPOSITE BEAM SELECTION TABLES .

Table 5-13. Shear Stud Connector Strength
531
P1: GIG
PB067-P5
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:26
Char Count= 0
Table 5-14. Composite W-Shapes
53
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
532
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
532
Table 5-15. Lower-Bound Elastic Moments of Inertia

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
Table 5-16. Concentrated Load Equivalents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
532
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
534
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
534
Table 5-17. Shears, Moments and Deflections .

PART 5 REFERENCES
531
P1: GIG
PB067-P6
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 28, 2001
14:45
Char Count= 0
61
PART 6
DESIGN OF MEMBERS SUBJECT
TO COMBINED LOADING
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
. . . .
63
. . . . . .
63

MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL TENSION AND FLEXURE
63
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION AND FLEXURE
. .
63
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED TORSION, FLEXURE, SHEAR

AND/OR AXIAL FORCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
COMPOSITE MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION

AND FLEXURE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
64
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65

DESIGN EXAMPLES
64
Example 6.1. W-shape subject to combined axial tension and flexure.
. . . . . . . . .
65
Example 6.2. W-shape subject to combined axial compression and flexure

(braced frame).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
Example 6.3. W-shape subject to combined axial compression and flexure

(moment frame).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
610
Example 6.4. W-shape member design (braced frame).

STEEL BEAM-COLUMN SELECTION TABLES
Table 6-1. Median Values of b, m and n for Beam-Columns
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
610
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
611
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
611
Table 6-2. W-Shapes: Values of b, m and n for Beam-Columns

PART 6 REFERENCE
68
P1: GIG
PB067-P7
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 31, 2001
14:34
Char Count= 0
71
PART 7
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS

Fastener Components
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proper Selection of Bolt Length .

Washer Requirements
Bolted Parts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
73
73
73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
Pretensioned Joints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
Slip-Critical Joints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
PROPER SPECIFICATION OF JOINT TYPE

Snug-Tightened Joints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Shear
Tension
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined Shear and Tension
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes

Slip Resistance
75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED BOLT GROUPS

Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface
Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method
Elastic Method
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
711
Eccentricity Normal to the Plane of the Faying Surface

Case INeutral Axis Not at Center of Gravity
Case IINeutral Axis at Center of Gravity

Placement of Bolt Groups
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
712
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
Bolts in Combination with Welds or Rivets

Galvanizing High-Strength Bolts
Reuse of Bolts
75
Fatigue Applications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering and Tightening Clearances
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
712
P1: GIG
PB067-P7
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 31, 2001
14:34
Char Count= 0
72
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS
Fully Threaded ASTM A325 Bolts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
ASTM A307 Bolts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
ASTM A449 Bolts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
713
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 7.1. Eccentrically loaded bolt groups (IC method).
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
713
. . . . . . . . . . .
714
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
715
EXAMPLE 7.2. Eccentrically loaded bolt groups (elastic method).

DESIGN TABLES
713
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
715
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
715
Table 7-1. Dimensions of High-Strength Fasteners

Table 7-2. Bolt Length Selection
Table 7-3. Entering and Tightening Clearances
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
715
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
715
Table 7-4. Threading Dimensions for High-Strength and Non-High-Strength Bolts

Table 7-5. Weights of High-Strength Fasteners
Table 7-6. Dimensions of Non-High-Strength Bolts and Nuts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables 7-10 and 7-11. Design Shear Strength of Bolts
716
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
716
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
716
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
716
Tables 7-12 and 7-13. Design Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes
Tables 7-15 and 7-16. Design Resistance to Slip
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables 7-17 through 7-24. Coefficients C for Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Groups
PART 7 REFERENCES
715
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables 7-7, 7-8 and 7-9. Weights of Non-High-Strength Fasteners
Table 7-14. Design Tensile Strength of Bolts
715
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
716
716
717
P1: GMV
PB067-P8
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 30, 2001
14:37
Char Count= 0
81
PART 8
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR WELDS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDED JOINTS

Filler Metals
83
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Thermal Cutting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Air-Arc Gouging
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Electroslag Welding (ESW) and Electrogas Welding (EGW)
Inspection
Visual Testing (VT)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Penetrant Testing (PT)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Magnetic-Particle Testing (MT)

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Groove Welds
Fillet Welds
85
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PROPER SPECIFICATION OF JOINT TYPE
Effective Area
84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiographic Testing (RT)
Selection of Weld Type
84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Plug and Slot Welds

Design Strength
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED WELD GROUPS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
810
Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method

Elastic Method
Eccentricity Normal to the Plane of the Faying Surface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
811
P1: GMV
PB067-P8
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 30, 2001
14:37
Char Count= 0
82
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR WELDS
. . .
811
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
812
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
812

Placement of Weld Groups
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
813
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
813
Welds in Combination with Bolts or Rivets

Fatigue
One-Sided Fillet Welds
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
814
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
814
Welding Considerations and Appurtenances

Clearance Requirements
813
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
814
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
816
Corner Clips
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
816
Backing Bars
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
816
Minimum Shelf Dimensions for Fillet Welds

Beam Copes and Weld Access Holes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
817
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
818
Spacer Bars
Weld Tabs
Tack Welds
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lamellar Tearing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prior Qualification of Welding Procedures

Painting Welded Connections
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 8.1. Eccentrically loaded weld groups (IC method).
. . . . . . . . . . . .
818
820
820
821
821
. . . . . . . . . .
822
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
823
EXAMPLE 8.2. Eccentrically loaded weld groups (elastic method).

DESIGN TABLES
818
Table 8-1. ASTM Requirements for Properties Affecting Weldability of Steels
823
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
823
Table 8-4. Electrode Strength Coefficient C1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
824
. . . . .
825
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
826
Tables 8-5 through 8-12. Coefficients C for Eccentrically Loaded Weld Groups
PART 8 REFERENCES
823
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 8-2. Condensed AWS Specifications for SMAW Electrodes

Table 8-3. Prequalified Welded Joints
. . . . .
P1: GGE
PB067-P9
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 30, 2001
14:11
Char Count= 0
91
PART 9
DESIGN OF CONNECTION ELEMENTS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
GROSS AREA, NET AREA AND WHITMORE SECTION

Gross Area
Net Area
93
Whitmore Section (Effective Width)

YIELDING LIMIT STATES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
Connection Elements Subject to Shear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
Connection Elements Subject to Tension
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Connection Elements Subject to Flexure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Coped Beams
RUPTURE LIMIT STATES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Elements Subject to Shear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection Elements Subject to Block Shear Rupture
95
95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
Connection Elements Subject to Tension
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
Connection Elements Subject to Flexure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
Beams and Girders with Bolt Holes in the Tension Flange

Coped Beams
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
Connection Element Rupture Strength at Welds

BUCKLING LIMIT STATES
Compression Buckling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Local Buckling
Coped Beams
BEARING LIMIT STATES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel-on-Steel Bearing Strength (Other Than at Bolt Holes)

Bearing Strength on Concrete or Masonry
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
99
99
. . .
910
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
910

Prying Action
99
Rotational Ductility
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
912
P1: GGE
PB067-P9
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 30, 2001
14:11
Char Count= 0
92
DESIGN OF CONNECTION ELEMENTS
Concentrated Forces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
914
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
914
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
914
Local Web Yielding at Beam Ends

Web Crippling at Beam Ends
Shims and Fillers
Copes, Blocks and Cuts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forged Steel Structural Hardware
916
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
916
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turnbuckles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sleeve Nuts .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
916
916
917
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
917
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
917
Recessed-Pin Nuts
Cotter Pins
914
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web Reinforcement of Coped Beams
Clevises
913
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 9.1. Beam end coped at the top flange only.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
917
. . . . . . . . . . . .
920
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
921
EXAMPLE 9.2. Beam end coped at the top and bottom flanges.
DESIGN TABLES
917
Table 9-1. Reduction in Area for Holes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
921
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
921
Tables 9-3 and 9-4. Block Shear Rupture
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
922
Table 9-5. Beam End Bearing Constants
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
922
Table 9-2. Section Modulus of Coped W-Shapes
PART 9 REFERENCES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
922
P1: LKP
PB067-P10
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:37
Char Count= 0
101
PART 10
DESIGN OF SIMPLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FORCE TRANSFER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
Two-Sided Connections
One-Sided Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
Accessibility in Column Webs

Field-Welded Connections
Riding the Fillet
DOUBLE-ANGLE CONNECTIONS
Design Strength
107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONSTRUCTABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
Double Connections
105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPARING CONNECTION ALTERNATIVES
Seated Connections
105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Angle Length and Thickness

Shop and Field Practices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 10.1. All-bolted double-angle connection (beam-to-girder web).
. . . .
108
108
109
1010
1012
EXAMPLE 10.2. All-bolted double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange).
. .
1014
EXAMPLE 10.3. Bolted/welded double-angle connection (beam-to-girder web).
. .
1015
EXAMPLE 10.4. Bolted/welded double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange).
1015
EXAMPLE 10.5. All-welded double-angle connection (beam-to-column flange).
. .
1016
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1016
Table 10-1. All-Bolted Double-Angle Connections
Table 10-2. Bolted/Welded Double-Angle Connections
1017
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1018
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1055
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1055
Table 10-3. All-Welded Double-Angle Connections

SHEAR END-PLATE CONNECTIONS
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1055
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1055
Recommended End-Plate Dimensions and Thickness

EXAMPLE 10.6. Shear end-plate connection (beam to girder web).

Table 10-4. Bolted/Welded Shear End-Plate Connections
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1056
1058
P1: LKP
PB067-P10
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:37
Char Count= 0
102
UNSTIFFENED SEATED CONNECTIONS

Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1092
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1093
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 10.7. All-bolted unstiffened seated connection (beam-to-column web).
1093
1094
EXAMPLE 10.8. Bolted/welded unstiffened seated connection

(beam-to-column flange).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1098
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1098
Table 10-5. All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated Connections

Bolted/Welded Unstiffened Seated Connections
Table 10-6. All-Welded Unstiffened Seated Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1098
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10102
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10103
STIFFENED SEATED CONNECTIONS

Design Checks
1096
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10104
EXAMPLE 10.9. Stiffened seated connection (beam-to-column flange).
. . . . . .
10104
EXAMPLE 10.10. Stiffened seated connection (beam-to-column web).
. . . . . . .
10106
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10107
Table 10-7. All-Bolted Stiffened Seated Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10112
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10112
Table 10-8. Bolted/Welded Stiffened Seated Connections

SINGLE-PLATE CONNECTIONS
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10113
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10113
Recommended Plate Length and Thickness

EXAMPLE 10.11. Single-plate connection (beam-to-column flange). .

EXAMPLE 10.12. Single-plate connection (beam-to-girder web).
. . . . . . . . .
10114
10114
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10116
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10133
Table 10-9. Bolted/Welded Single-Plate Connections

SINGLE-ANGLE CONNECTIONS
Design Checks
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10133
Recommended Angle Length and Thickness

EXAMPLE 10.13. All-bolted single-angle connection (beam-to-girder web).
. . . .
10133
EXAMPLE 10.14. Bolted/welded single-angle connection (beam-to-column flange). 10137

Table 10-10. All-Bolted Single-Angle Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 10-11. Bolted/Welded Single-Angle Connections

TEE CONNECTIONS
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10138
10138
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10142
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10142
Recommended Tee Length and Flange and Web Thicknesses

. . . . . . . . . . . .
10143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10143
EXAMPLE 10.15. All-bolted tee connection (beam-to-column flange).

. . . . . . .
10143
P1: LKP
PB067-P10
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
September 3, 2001
13:37
Char Count= 0
103
EXAMPLE 10.16. Bolted/welded tee connection (beam-to-column flange).

SHEAR SPLICES
. . . .
10147
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10149
EXAMPLE 10.17. All-bolted single-plate shear splice.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 10.18. Bolted/welded single-plate shear splice.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
10155
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10155
Simple Shear Connections at Stiffened Column-Web Locations

Eccentric Effect of Extended Gages
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10156
10156
10156
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10160
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10160
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10160
Alternative Treatment of Eccentric Moment

Double Connections
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Column-Web Supports
Girder-Web Supports
10153
. . . . . .
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SIMPLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS

Simple Shear Connections Subject to Axial Forces
10151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10161
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10161
Supported Beams of Different Nominal Depths

Supported Beams Offset Laterally
Beams Offset From Column Centerline
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10161
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10161
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10164
Framing to the Column Web
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10167
Connections for Raised Beams
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10167
Framing to the Column Flange from the Strong Axis

Framing to Column Flange from the Weak Axis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10171
Skewed Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10172
Sloped Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10183
Canted Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10185
Non-Rectangular Simple Shear Connections
Inclines in Two or More Directions (Hip and Valley Framing)
. . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 10.19. All-bolted double-angle connections (beams-to-girder web).
. .
10187
10188
EXAMPLE 10.20. Offset all-bolted double angle connections (beam-to-girder web). 10191
.
10192
. . . . .
10193
EXAMPLE 10.21. Offset unstiffened seated connection (beam-to-column flange).

EXAMPLE 10.22. Offset single-plate connection (beam-to-column web).
EXAMPLE 10.23. Offset unstiffened seated connection (beam-to-column web).
. .
10195
EXAMPLE 10.24. Skewed double-bent-plate connection (beam-to-girder web).
. .
10198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10201
PART 10 REFERENCES
P1: GIG
PB067-P11
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 26, 2001
10:12
Char Count= 0
111
PART 11
DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD DETERMINATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
113
FLANGE-ANGLE FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
FLANGE-PLATED FLEXIBLE MOMENT CONNECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
DESIGN EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 11.1. Flange-angle flexible moment connections.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
EXAMPLE 11.2. Flange-plated flexible moment connection.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1113
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1117
PART 11 REFERENCES
P1: GMV
PB067-12
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 27, 2001
16:51
Char Count= 0
121
PART 12
DESIGN OF FULLY RESTRAINED (FR)
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FR MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Load Determination
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary Support During Erection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
124
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
Extended End-Plate FR Moment Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1210
Four-Bolt Unstiffened Extended End-Plate Design

Eight-Bolt Stiffened Extended End-Plate Design
FR MOMENT SPLICES
123
125
Directly Welded Flange FR Moment Connections
Design Assumptions
123
. . . . . . . . . .
Welding Considerations For Fully Restrained Moment Connections

Flange-Plated FR Moment Connections
123
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1212
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Location of Moment Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1213
1213
Force Transfer in Moment Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1213
Flange-Plated FR Moment Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1214
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1217
Directly Welded Flange FR Moment Splices

Extended End-Plate FR Moment Splices
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FR Moment Connections to Column-Web Supports

Recommended Details
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ductility Considerations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FR Moment Connections Across Girder Supports

Top Flange Connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1217
1218
1218
1222
1223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1223
Bottom Flange Connection

Web Connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1217
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1224
EXAMPLE 12.1. Bolted flange-plated FR moment connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1224
P1: GMV
PB067-12
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 27, 2001
122
16:51
Char Count= 0
DESIGN OF FULLY RESTRAINED (FR) MOMENT CONNECTIONS
EXAMPLE 12.2. Welded flange-plated FR moment connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1228
EXAMPLE 12.3. Directly welded flange FR moment connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1231
EXAMPLE 12.4. Four-bolt unstiffened extended end-plate FR moment connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1231
EXAMPLE 12.5. Eight-bolt stiffened extended end-plate FR moment connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1235
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1238
PART 12 REFERENCES
P1: MRM
PB067-13
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 27, 2001
17:28
Char Count= 0
131
PART 13
DESIGN OF BRACING CONNECTIONS
AND TRUSS CONNECTIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRACING CONNECTIONS
Diagonal Bracing Members
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133
Force Transfer in Diagonal Bracing Connections

The Uniform Force Method
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
Special Case 1, Modified Working Point Location
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Case 3, No Gusset-to-Column Web Connection
136
. . . . . . .
136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
Special Case 2, Minimizing Shear in the Beam-to-Column Connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1311
Analysis of Existing Diagonal Bracing Connections

Design Strength
133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1311
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1311
TRUSS CONNECTIONS
Members in Trusses
Minimum Connection Strength

Panel-Point Connections
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Support Connections
Design Checks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Truss Chord Splices
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1313
1313
1314
1314
1314
1314
1316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1317
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1317
EXAMPLE 13.1. Bracing connection design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1317
EXAMPLE 13.2. Bracing connection design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1332
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1338
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1341
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1348
EXAMPLE 13.3. Truss panel-point connection design.

EXAMPLE 13.4. Truss support connection design.
PART 13 REFERENCES
P1: MRM/SPH
PB067-14
P2: MRM/UKS
QC: MRM/UKS
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
T1: MRM
August 30, 2001
15:48
Char Count= 0
141
PART 14
DESIGN OF BEAM BEARING PLATES, COLUMN BASE
PLATES, ANCHOR RODS AND COLUMN SPLICES
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BEAM BEARING PLATES

Force Transfer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Bearing-Plate Dimensions and Thickness

Design Strength
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
Finishing Requirements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grouting and Leveling
146
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
Holes for Anchor Rods and Grouting
. . . . . .
148
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
149
COLUMN BASE PLATES FOR AXIAL TENSION, SHEAR OR MOMENT

ANCHOR RODS
143
143
Recommended Base-Plate Dimensions and Thickness

Design Strength
143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COLUMN BASE PLATES FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION

Force Transfer
143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
149
Washer Requirements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1410
Hooked Anchor Rods
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1410
Minimum Edge Distance and Embedment Length
Headed or Threaded and Nutted Anchor Rods
1410
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1410
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1411
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1412
Fit-Up of Column Splices

Lifting Devices
1410
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anchor-Rod Nut Installation

COLUMN SPLICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1413
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1414
Column Alignment and Stability During Erection

Force Transfer in Column Splices
Flange-Plated Column Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Directly Welded Flange Column Splices

Butt-Plated Column Splices
DESIGN EXAMPLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 14.1. Beam bearing plate design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1417
1417
1417
1417
. . . . . . . . . .
1420
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1424
EXAMPLE 14.2. Column base plate design for axial compression.

PART 14 REFERENCES
1415
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151
PART 15
DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET
PLATES AND CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS
SCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154
HANGER CONNECTIONS
BRACKET PLATES
153
CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
Bolted Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
Welded Splices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
Hook Bolt Fastenings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
Rail Clip Fastenings .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
Rail Clamp Fastenings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157
Patented Rail Clip Fastenings

DESIGN EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 15.1. Hanger connection design.

EXAMPLE 15.2. Bolted bracket plate design.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXAMPLE 15.3. Welded bracket plate design.

DESIGN TABLES
157
1513
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1515
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1517
Table 15-1. Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table .

Table 15-2. Net Elastic Section Modulus Snet
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FORGED STEEL STRUCTURAL HARDWARE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 15-3. Dimensions and Weights of Clevises
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1517
1517
1517
1517
. . . . . . . . .
1517
Table 15-5. Dimensions and Weights of Turnbuckles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1517
Table 15-6. Dimensions and Weights of Sleeve Nuts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1518
Table 15-4. Clevis Numbers Compatible with Various Rods and Pins
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1518
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1518
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1518
Table 15-7. Dimensions and Weights of Recessed-Pin Nuts

Table 15-8. Dimensions and Weights of Cotter Pins
PART 15 REFERENCE
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PART 16
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES
LRFD SPECIFICATION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS,

DECEMBER 27, 1999
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1-i
16.1iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1v
Symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1xv
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1xxiii
Table of Contents
Specification
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.11
Commentary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1163
References .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.1279
LRFD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTIONS,

NOVEMBER 10, 2000
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents
Symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.2i
16.2iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.2vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.2xi
Specification
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.21
Commentary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.223
References .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.249
LRFD SPECIFICATION FOR SINGLE-ANGLE MEMBERS,

NOVEMBER 10, 2000
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.3i
16.3iii
Specification
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.31
Commentary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.39
References .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.319
SPECIFICATION FOR STRUCTURAL JOINTS USING ASTM A325 OR A490 BOLTS,

JUNE 23, 2000
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.4i
16.4iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.4v
Symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.4vii
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.4ix
Table of Contents
Specification and Commentary

References .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.41
16.475
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September 2, 2001
4:50
162
Char Count= 0
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES
CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE FOR STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES,

MARCH 7, 2000
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specification and Commentary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5i
16.5iii
16.5vi
16.5ix
16.51
Notes:
The above documents are available for free download in *.pdf format at www.aisc.org. While
not included in this Manual, the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings,
April 15, 1997 and Seismic Provisions Supplement No. 2, November 10, 2000 are available
for free download in *.pdf format at www.aisc.org. Information about AISC Certification of
steel fabricators and steel erectors is available at www.aisc.org/quality.html.
P1: GIG
PB067-P17
AISC-Sample (LRFD)
August 28, 2001
17:41
Char Count= 0
171
PART 17
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND
MATHEMATICAL INFORMATION
SI EQUIVALENTS OF STANDARD U.S. SHAPE PROFILES

. . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
175
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
176
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177
Table 17-2. M-, S- and HP-Shapes

Table 17-3. Channels
Table 17-4. Angles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1710
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1711
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1715
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1717
Table 17-6. MT- and ST-Shapes

Table 17-7. Rectangular HSS
178
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17-10. Wire and Sheet Metal Gages

Table 17-11. Coefficients of Expansion
1718
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1718
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1719
Table 17-12. Weights and Specific Gravities
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1720
Table 17-13. Weights of Building Materials
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1722
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1723
Table 17-14. U.S. Weights and Measures
SI UNITS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
1724
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1724
Table 17-17. Derived SI Units for Steel Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17-18. Summary of SI Conversion Factors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1724
1724
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1725
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1725
Table 17-19. SI Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch

Table 17-20. SI Bolt Designation
1724
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17-15. Base SI Units for Steel Design

Table 17-16. SI Prefixes for Steel Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17-21. SI Steel Yield Stresses
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1726
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1727
Table 17-22. SI (Metric) Weights and Measures

Table 17-23. SI Conversion Factors
1725
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August 28, 2001
172
17:41
Char Count= 0
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND MATHEMATICAL INFORMATION
GEOMETRIC AND TRIGONOMETRIC DATA

Bracing Formulas
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1729
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1729
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1730
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1731
Properties of Parabola and Ellipse

Properties of the Circle
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1732
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1739
Properties of Geometric Sections

Trigonometric Formulas

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MANUAL

Load and Resistance

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1999 LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

The following major improvements have been made in this revision:

Workable gages for flange fasteners have been reintroduced.

Barry L. Barger, Vice Chairman

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

August 31, 2001

Structural Tees (WT-, MT- and ST-Shapes)

Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)

W-Shapes with Cap Channels

S-Shapes with Cap Channels

Other Structural Products

STANDARD MILL PRACTICES

Hot-Rolled Structural Shapes

TABLES OF DESIGN DIMENSIONS, DETAILING DIMENSIONS AND AXIAL,

Table 1-1. W-Shapes

Table 1-2. M-Shapes

Table 1-3. S-Shapes

Table 1-4. HP-Shapes

Table 1-6. MC-Shapes

Table 1-8. WT-Shapes

Table 1-9. MT-Shapes

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

August 31, 2001

DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-10. ST-Shapes

Table 1-11. Rectangular (and Square) HSS

Table 1-14. Double Angles

Table 1-16. 2MC-Shapes

Table 1-17. W-Shapes with Cap Channels

Table 1-18. S-Shapes with Cap Channels

Table 1-19. Areas of Rectangular Plates and Bars

Table 1-20. Weights of Rectangular Plates and Bars

Table 1-22. AISI Standard Nomenclature for Flat-Rolled Carbon Steel

Table 1-25. W-Shapes

Table 1-26. M-Shapes

Table 1-27. S-Shapes

TABLES OF TORSIONAL AND FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL PROPERTIES

Table 1-28. HP-Shapes

Table 1-30. MC-Shapes

Table 1-32. WT-Shapes

Table 1-33. MT-Shapes

Table 1-34. ST-Shapes

Table 1-35. Double Angles

TABLES OF SURFACE AREAS, BOX PERIMETERS AND AREAS

Table 1-36. W-Shapes

Table 1-37. M-Shapes

Table 1-38. S-Shapes

AND W /D AND A/P RATIOS

Table 1-39. HP-Shapes

Table 1-41. MC-Shapes

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

August 31, 2001

DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

Table 1-43. WT-Shapes

Table 1-44. MT-Shapes

Table 1-45. ST-Shapes

Table 1-46. Rectangular (and Square) HSS

Table 1-50. LLBB Double Angles

Table 1-51. SLBB Double Angles

Table 1-49. Equal-Leg Double Angles .