Generic name: L-carnitine

Brand name: Carnicor 330 mg tablet

Category: metabolic energizer
Production information:L-carnitine is a
natural substance present in all cells of the
body. It is a transport protein. Chemically, LCarnitine is beta-OH-(Y-N-trimethyl ammonio)
butyrate.
L-Carnitine is synthesized by both animals
and humans in the liver, kidney and brain
from amino acids-lysine and methionine,
methionine being the methyl donor for
transmethylation of lysine, to butyrobetaine
and finally L-Carnitine. However, not enough
is synthesized to meet body requirements
which is fulfilled by red meat and dairy
products in the diet.
L-Carnitine is concentrated in the heart and
skeletal muscle where 95% of total body

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carnitine is found. This high content reflects

the considerable ability of these muscles to
obtain energy from oxidation of free fatty
acids, which process requires L-Carnitine.

Major Functions of L-Carnitine:L-Carnitine

acts as a co-factor in fatty acid metabolism

specially its transport into the
mitochondorion for beta-oxidation and
ultimately, energy production.
L-Carnitine indirectly regulates glucose (G)
utilization thru control of acetyl CoA/CoA
ration, an important regulator pyruvate
dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and
consequent actyl CoA formation which enters
the TCA cycle and release energy.
The above continuing reactions prevent lactic
acid (LA) formation and accumulation.
L-Carnitine by preventing acyl CoA
accumulation preserves mitonchondrial
adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) activity
thus allowing ATP/ADP exchange (ATP for
extramitochondrial utilization, ADP for
mitonchondrial ATP synthesis).

Role of L-Carnitine in Cardiac

Metabolism:Of three (3) major substrates
available to it, cardiac muscle utilizes free
fatty acid (FFA) as preferential substrate over
glucose and lactate. In fact, it is most
important energy yielding substrate for
oxidative metabolism in cardiomyocytes. 6080% of ATP generated derives from FA
oxidation, the remainder from Glucose and
Lactase metabolism. Important to note is that
there is no anaerobic reserve for residual
energy production from FA metabolism. Lipids
require more oxygen than glucose or lactate
for a given amount of energy to be released.
L-Carnitines role is vital in the mitochondrial
membrane transfer of FFA and energy
generation of oxidative metabolism.