The density of water vapor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is 0.737 g/L.

Compound A is
80.0% carbon by mass, and 20.0% hydrogen. Compound B is 83.3% carbon by mass and 16.7%
hydrogen.The density of gaseous Compound A is 1.227 g/L, and the density of Compound B is 2.948
g/L.Show how these data can be used to determine the molar masses of Compounds A and B, assuming
that water has molecular mass 18.
Since one mol of the gas occupies 22.4 liters at STP, we can convert the densities given. If we multiple the
density by 22.4 liters per mol, we will end up with g/mol. So 1.227g/L x 22.4L/mol=27.4848g/mol of
Compound A. 2.948g/L x 22.4L/mol=66.0352g/mol of Compound B.
From the results in Problem #4, determine the mass of carbon in a molecule of Compound A and in a
molecule of Compound B.Explain how these results indicate that a carbon atom has atomic mass 12.
Carbon occupies 80% of Compound A and 83.3% of Compound B. we can find the amount of carbon by
using the mass percentage. 80% x 27.4848=21.99g of carbon per mol of Compound A. 83.3% x
66.0352=55g of carbon per mol of Compound B. These results suggest that carbon has atomic mass of 12
since if we divide the grams of carbon per mol by 12, we get reasonable numbers. Also, we know that
hydrogen has a mass of 1g/mol. We can use this knowledge to find the number of mols of hydrogen and
use that to find the number of carbon that would bond with them.

Explain how we can conclude that 28g of nitrogen gas (N 2) contains exactly as many molecules
as 32g of oxygen gas (O2), even though we cannot possibly count this number.
28g of Nitrogen gas is exactly 1 mol of nitrogen gas since the molecular mass of nitrogen is
14g/mol. 32g of oxygen gas is 1mol of oxygen gas since oxygen has a molecular mass of 16g/mol.
Avagadros law states that gases at constant temperature and pressure with the same volume
have the same number of molecules regardless of the type of gas. For gases at STP, 1 mol of the
gas occupies 22.4L. Therefore, since the give amounts of nitrogen and oxygen gas are both 1
mol, they occupy the same volume because of Avagadros Law. Since volume is the number of
times the molecules of a gas hits its container, equal volumes suggest that both gases have equal
amounts of molecules.

Explain how the scattering of particles from gold foil reveals that an atom contains a massive,
positively charged nucleus whose size is much smaller than that of the atom.
During Rutherfords gold foil experiment, it was found that the majority of alpha particles
passed through the foil. A small percentile were deflected and their trajectory changed. A even
smaller percentile completely rebounded off the foil. Since some alpha particles bounced back,
it suggests that there is a core inside the atom. Since some alpha particles were deflected, it
suggests that the center has a positive charge, thus it can change the path of the particles.
However, since most alpha particles passed straight through, we can infer that the nucleus very
small compared to the entire atom.