Internship Report

REPORT ON
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT
THE WESTIN MUMBAI GARDEN CITY

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOREGAON, MUMBAI
Submitted by
NIKHIL MOHAN
Reg. No. 090909094
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING

ENGINEERING
MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(A Constituent College of Manipal University)
The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department
June 2013 July 2013

CONTENTS
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................2
2. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................3
3. LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION.......................................................6
4. SUSTAINABLE SITES.................................................................................9
5. WATER EFFICIENCY................................................................................17
6. ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE.................................................................27
7. CONCLUSION............................................................................................43
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
Page 1
1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take great honour in submitting this project report of my Industrial Training completed
successfully in the Engineering Department of the Westin Mumbai Garden City.
I am very thankful to the management of The Westin Mumbai Garden City for giving me the
opportunity to be trained in their esteemed organization & for the completion of the report
within such a short period of time.
This report would not have been completed without the assistance, co-operation and
enthusiasm taken by Mr. Anup Dey (Head of Engineering) and Mr. S. David Naidu (Director
Human Resources) and the other managers at the hotel for their warm guidance throughout
the training period.
I would thank the employees of the Engineering Department, For showing me the ropes and
the workings of the hotel and the engineering involved in the running of such a vast
commercial complex.
Page 2
2.
INTRODUCTION
2.1 The Westin Mumbai Garden City

The hotel is a massive property situated in Goregoan in Mumbai. The hotel is a 269 room
property with necessary systems in place. As a member of the engineering team I was
allowed access to these and see the functioning of a hotel.
The major systems that were involved in the hotel were
HAVC & R
o HVAC 3 plants functioning for the entire hotel
o Plate heat exchanger to remove heat from AHU water supply
o Distribution system
o Individual room AHUs
o Cooling towers
o Refrigeration systems for all kitchens
Plumbing
o Upward pumping to rooms and peripherals
o Booster pumps to maintain pressure
o Fire system standard pressure across building
o Sewage and treatment
o Irrigation
Lighting
Boilers and heaters
o Boilers for laundry and cleaning
Steam at 4 bar 157oC
o Heaters for room usage
Divded into 3 zones based on height to be pumped to
Direct fuel based heat exchangers
2.2 About LEED

LEED, or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, is a green building certification program
that recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. To receive LEED certification,
building projects satisfy prerequisites and earn points to achieve different levels of
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certification. Prerequisites and credits differ for each rating system, and teams choose the
best fit for their project.
LEED is flexible enough to apply to all project types.
Each rating system groups requirements that address the unique needs of building and project types
on their path towards LEED certification. Once a project team chooses a rating system,
theyll use the appropriate credits to guide design and operational decisions.
There are five rating systems that address multiple project types:
Building Design and Construction

Interior Design and Construction
Building Operations and Maintenance
Neighborhood Development
Homes
Each rating system is made up of a combination of credit categories.

Within each of the credit categories, there are specific prerequisites projects must satisfy and
a variety of credits projects can pursue to earn points. The number of points the project earns
determines its level of LEED certification.
Applies to existing buildings that are undergoing improvement work or little to no
construction. Existing:
Buildings
Schools
Retail
Hospitality
Data Centers
Warehouses &
Distribution Centers
2.3 Scope of work
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The scope of work at the hotel was defined when I suggested that it would be beneficial for the hotel
to perform a LEED analysis on the hotel and measure and check the compliance to energy
policy and make saving and leave less of a carbon footprint.
After surveying the property and being trained in the different working sections and systems of the
hotel I started the analysis to see if the property can be certified. Therefore I attained the
required information and started working on the checklist of requirements for certification
listed in the report below.
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3.
LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION
The location of a commercial building or workspace is of great significance in how it effects

the environment due to the impact of the need for transportation to arrive to the given
location. The volume of people working at or visiting the place is the main factor that dictates
the transportation used. This leads to the fact that if the location of the place is more
accessible, the modes of alternate transport available to reach the location are readily
available and are used more than personal vehicles. This reduces pollution attributed to
transport.
3.1 Alternative Transportation
Requirement for 115 points:
1. Conduct a survey of building occupants on their transportation patterns. Regular building
occupants must be surveyed. Visitors must be surveyed if either the typical peak or daily
average is greater than the number of regular building occupants. (2 points)
2. Demonstrate an alternative transportation rate in accordance with Table 1. Alternative
transportation strategies that contribute to this reduction include human-powered
conveyances (e.g. walking or biking),public transit, telecommuting, rideshare options,
compressed workweeks, carpools, and green vehicles. Calculations are performed relative to
a baseline case that assumes all regular occupants commute alone in conventional
automobiles. The calculations must account for seasonal variations in the use of alternative
commuting methods and should indicate the distribution of commuting trips using each type
of alternative transportation strategy. (3-15 points)
10
15
20
25
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30
35
40
45
10
50
11
55
12
60
13
65
14
70
15
Table 1
Active Status:
The property employs a workforce of 432 people for the functioning of 269 rooms including
all departments of the hotel. A large percentage of this workforce fall under level 3 (1-10
levels of employment, 10 being the highest as the general manager). After conducting a study
on the modes of transportation used by the employees, the following data was collected.
Walking
Bicycle
2 Wheelers
4 Wheelers
Public Busses
Local Trains
25
18
156
49
103
81
432
5.78
4.16
36.11
11.34
23.84
18.75
100
Table 2
He above data uses the mode of transport utilised for maximum distance of travel to sort the
sets of employees into the above categories. From the data it can be gathered that 66.20% of
the employees utilise alternative and public means of transport to arrive at the hotel.
The number of guests that arrive at the hotel are spread out over the length of the day,
however there is an increased influx at meal times and morning due to check in times and
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walk-ins interested in meals. However being an upmarket establishment, less than 7% of the
guests arrive in alternative or public transport.
Therefore using this data to arrive at a weighted average for the number of guest and
employees at the building at the given time we find that 21.02% of the influx of people into
the building utilise a form of transport to arrive.
Points Awarded: 2 +5 = 7 points
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4.
SUSTAINABLE SITES
The selection of a site is not only important from a structural and safety standpoint, so as to
select a site that is stable, earthquake safe, not bound to compression, etc. But a site must also
preserve ecological integrity and provide a clean, well-maintained, and safe building exterior.
This checklist encourages environmentally sensitive site management practices that while
supporting high-performance building operations and integration into the surrounding
landscape.
4.1 Site DevelopmentProtect Or Restore Habitat
Requirements for 1-2 Points:
1. Have in place native or adapted vegetation on 20% of the total site area (including the
building footprint), a minimum of 5,000 square feet (465 square meters), to provide habitat
and promote biodiversity. (2 points)
OR
2. Provide financial support equivalent to at least $0.05 per square foot (US$0.50 per square
meter) for the total site area (including the building footprint). Financial support must be
provided annually to a nationally or locally recognized land trust or conservation
organization within the same EPA Level III ecoregion or the projects state (or within 100
miles [160 kilometers] for projects outside the U.S.). For U.S. projects, the land trust must be
accredited by the Land Trust Alliance. (1 point)
Active Status:
The figure below highlights the tree and landscaping cover near the property and over the
construction site. The site covers an area of approximately 26250 sqm. The actively used and
area the covers the construction is 10025 sqm. This as a fraction of the total area represents
38.19% and is concrete. Therefore 61.81% (16225 sqm) of the area is landscaped with
indigenous plants and is maintained with under the policy of the property. The landscaping is
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also done with soil reclaimed from the construction of the property and therefore also reduces
the impact on the land.
Site Overhead View

Points Awarded: 2 points
4.2 Rainwater Management
Requirements for 3 Points:
Use low-impact development (LID) practices to capture and treat water from 25% of the
impervious surfaces for the 95th percentile storm event. Establish and implement an annual
inspection program of all rainwater management facilities to confirm continued
performance.
Active Status:
The property does not have a rainwater harvesting program. The rainwater is treated as runoff
and not collected. The landscaped area around the hotel however accumulates water and
raises the underground water level, however this is an unintended and disallowed water
accumulation property. The 95th percentile of storm water is runoff.
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4.3 Heat Island Reduction

Use either roofing materials with a SRI equal to or greater than the values in Table 1 for a
minimum of 75% of the roof area, or a vegetated roof for a minimum of 50% of the roof area,
or both. If using both high-reflectance and vegetated roof surfaces, meet the following
criterion:
(High-Reflectance Roof Area)/0.75 + (Vegetated Roof Area)/0.5 Total Roof Area
Alternatively, an SRI and SR weighted average approach may be used to calculate
compliance. Implement a maintenance program that ensures all high-reflectance roof
surfaces are cleaned at least every three years to maintain good reflectance, and all
vegetated roofs are maintained for plant health and good structural condition.
Active Status:
The roof of the property can be segregated into 3 major surfaces. The reflective cover surface
utilised over the protective wall used to prevent accident over the roof, the open area exposed
to concrete of the roof and the cover of the helipad.
The helipad surface has a reflectivity due it being metallic, but that however also counteracts
the use by absorbing large amounts of heat and therefore helping the heat island generation
effect. The concrete absorbs heat and though sections of it are under the shade the open
sections and beams still cause a significant adage to the heat island effect.The reflective
surface over the protection rails and glass act as good insulators and reflectors and stay
relatively cool and counter the effect. This however is not significant or substantial as the
centre portion of the roof is still absorbing heat. The total reflective surface of the roof is
45.45%.
No portion of the roof is vegetated. Following the above criteria the roof fails.
Points Awarded: 0 points.
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4.4 Light Pollution Reduction

Requirements for 1 Point:
1. Fixture Shielding - Shield all exterior fixtures (where the sum of the mean lamp lumens for
that fixture exceeds 2,500) such that the installed fixtures do not directly emit any light at a
vertical angle more than 90 degrees from straight down.
OR
2. Perimeter Measurements - Measure the night illumination levels at regularly spaced points
on the project boundary, taking the measurements with the buildings exterior and site lights
both on and off. At least eight measurements are required, at a maximum spacing of 100 feet
(30 meters) apart. The illumination level measured with the lights on must not be more than
20% above the level measured with the lights off.
Active Status:
The second option was selected to check for compliance for the above criteria. 10 points
were selected around the periphery of the hotel. During a scheduled power outage on a day of
minimal occupancy the measurements were taken.
The readings showed that the illuminated building and the building under black-out showed
near equal amounts of reduction in environmental light leaks in all directions. The average
increase in light pollution from the buildings and its fixtures were marginally over the
required threshold at 20.34%. The building therefore has a noticeable quantity of light
pollution in all direction.
4.5 Site Management

Page 12
Requirement for 1 Points:

Demonstrate that the following performance criteria were met:
1. Use no calcium chloride or sodium chloride deicers, and/or establish reduced treatment
areas equal to 50% of applicable paving area.
2. Prevent erosion and sedimentation, and restore any eroded soils.
3. Prevent air pollution from construction materials and activities.
4. Divert from landfills 100% of plant material waste via low-impact means.
5. Prevent the over-application of nutrients. Use no ammonia-based fertilizers, biosolid-based
fertilizers (for continuous application), synthetic quick-release fertilizers, or weed and
feed formulations. Blanket applications of herbicides are prohibited; turf weeds may be
controlled by spot spraying only.
6. Monitor irrigation systems manually or with automated systems at least every two weeks
during the operating season and correct any leaks, breaks, inappropriate water usage, or
incorrect timing.
7. Store materials and equipment to prevent air and site contamination.
AND
Meet one of the following options:
Limited Turf Area
o Limit turf to 25% or less of the vegetated area. Playgrounds and athletic fields in schools or
parks are excluded from this option.
OR
All Manual or Electric-Powered Equipment
o Use all manual or electric-powered equipment in all site management operations.

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OR
Reduction in Emissions from Site Management Equipment
o Show and maintain a 50% reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions, and a 75% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from baseline
conditions.
Active Status:
The following criteria were followed as such:
1. Calcium Chloride was used on all paved areas Fail
2. No or negligible ground area left un-vegetated to prevent erosion Pass
3. No construction in progress and renovations not likely in near future Pass
4. Composting done on site Pass
5. Compost used to fertilise and spot spraying practiced Pass
6. Manual irrigation, continuously monitored Pass
7. All substances stored in closed shed on-site Pass
The property failed to qualify for any of the above options.
4.6 Site Improvement Plan

Requirement for 1 Point:
Develop a five-year site improvement plan that includes the following:
Documentation of existing site conditions;

Page 14
Site improvement objectives;
Performance standards to evaluate ongoing progress; and
Monitoring protocols.
The improvement plan must address the following topics.
Hydrology. Protection and improvement of water bodies on-site, rainwater management and
reuse opportunities, potable water-use reduction.
Vegetation. Documentation of existing vegetation on-site, turf area reduction, management of

native and invasive plants, protection of threatened, endangered or unique species.
Soils. Documentation of general soil structure, preservation of healthy soils, remediation of

compacted soils, identification of previously disturbed area.
The plan must be developed with professionals trained and experienced in the above
disciplines.
Active Status:
On approaching the superiors for initiating the above plan, survey and establishment of a
scheme for the long term functionality and improvement of the site, the management felt the
proposal was too expensive and was thus rejected.
Though a study on the basic parameters mentioned above maybe conducted and studied, the
formulation of plan requires a consultant and is therefore expensive.
4.7 Joint Use of Facilities

Requirement for 1 Points:
Page 15
In collaboration with the building authorities, contract with community or other

organizations to provide at least two types of dedicated-use spaces in the building, such as
the following:
commercial office;
health clinic;
community service centres (provided by state or local offices);
police offices;
library or media centre;
parking lot; and
One or more commercial businesses.

Provide access to toilets in joint-use areas after normal school hours.
Provide direct pedestrian access to these spaces from the school. In addition, provide signed
joint-use agreements with the other organizations or agencies that stipulate how these spaces
will be shared.
Active Status:
The hotel shared the building space almost equally with an office commercial space. The
office space had direct access from the outside of the building but not access to the hotel
itself. The parking lot was shared within the building between the office space and the hotel
guests, however this parking space was not open to public.
Other hotel services are not available for access to public however they are accessible as
guests at the hotel or as walk-ins paying for the service. Therefore under clear technical
purviews, the building fails this criteria.
Page 16
Page 17
5.
WATER EFFICIENCY
Water is a rather precious resource in a city and therefore its use and efficiency of use
becomes extremely important. This set of criteria are set in place to ensure that the water is
utilized properly.
5.1 Indoor Water Use Reduction
Requirement for N/A Points:
If indoor plumbing systems were renovated after initial occupancy of the building, set a
whole-building average baseline by prorating the above limits, based on the proportion of
plumbing fixtures installed during the plumbing renovations in each period. Pre-1995
buildings that have had only minor fixture retrofits (e.g., aerators, showerheads, flushing
valves) but no plumbing renovations in or after 1995 may use the 150% baseline for the
whole building.
Calculate fixture and fitting performance to compare the water use of the as-installed fixtures
and fittings with the use of Uniform Plumbing Code or International Plumbing Codecompliant (baseline) fixtures and fittings.
Inspect all existing fittings or fixtures to ensure they are operating properly. Make any
repairs needed to bring all fixtures into good working order or permanently turn off water
supply to nonfunctional units.
Fixture or fitting
Baseline (SI units)
Toilet (water closet)
6 lpf
Urinal
3.8 lpf
Public lavatory (restroom) faucet
1.9 lpm at 415 kPa, all others except private
Private lavatory faucet
8.3 lpm at 415 kPa
Kitchen faucet (excluding for filling)
8.3 lpm at 415 kPa
Showerhead
9.5 lpm at 550 kPa per shower stall
Active Status:
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The above criteria is a prerequisite for the building before the rest of the actual criteria for
points are active. The hotels standards met some of these by default, however, those that were
not met, were suggested to be altered to meet the required criteria follows:
Toilet 6lpf
Urinal 3.5lpf
Public Restroom Faucet 2.3lpm at 400kpa
Private Restroom Faucet 8.3lpm at 400kpa
Kitchen faucet 7.5lpm at 400kpa
Shower-heard 11lpm at 600kpa

Points Awarded: N/A
5.2 Building-Level Water Metering

Requirement for N/A Points:
This is a pre-requisite needed before continuing onto the other creditable requirements.
Have permanently installed water meters that measure the total potable water use for the
building and associated grounds. Metering of any gray or reclaimed water supplied to the
building is encouraged but not required.
Active Status:
The building has permanent water meters installed across the site and check for usage of all
water that is flowing to different ends of the property. They measure water consumption at all
levels and are designed for zero leakage.
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The water was also reclaimed after usage and treated on an on-site sewage treatment plant.
The metering was performed for this water as well as it was used directly for irrigation of the
landscaping.
Points Awarded: N/A
5.3 Outdoor Water Use Reduction

Requirement for 1-2 Points:
Option
1.
No
Irrigation
Required
(2
points)
Show that the landscape does not require irrigation beyond a maximum two-year plant
establishment period.
Option 2. No Irrigation Meter Installed: Calculated Water Budget (12 points)

Use the existing landscape to calculate the landscape water requirement using the EPA
WaterSense
Water
Budget
Tool.
Install an irrigation meter.
Option
3.
Irrigation
Meter
Installed
(12
points)
The baseline is established using the annual average of at least 3 years of consecutive data
out of the last 5 years. Points awarded on the reduction from baseline.
o 30% - 1point
o 40% - 2points
Active Status:
Since the landscaping around the hotel is vast and rainfall is extremely seasonal, there is a
need for irrigation. The irrigation is however done by water reclaimed from sewage treatment
and is managed in the form of manual spraying and partially automated spray irrigation. The
level of irrigation is also measured and monitored.
Page 20
However data was not available for the period of 3 years and only available for the last 3
months. The daily water meter reading for the consumption of water for irrigation were
averaged out and the baseline was found out based on the above readings, 2645litres of water.
A baseline reduction was suggested and new techniques for irrigation to improve to the
required baseline were suggested. The measure suggested were:
Drip irrigation
Grid flooding
Prognosis from the above study is the site does not meet required standards for water
consumption in outdoor usage. Therefore the criteria is failed.
5.4 Indoor Water Use Reduction

Have fixtures that use less water than the baseline calculated in Prerequisite Indoor WaterUse Reduction. Points are awarded according to Table below.
Additional
Percentage
Points (except Data Centers)
Points (Data Centers)
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Reduction
Confirm that calculations are up to date. Demonstrate that all purchases made since the end
of the performance period meet the design performance requirements.
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OR
Meter fixtures and fittings, and record meter data for one year to establish a water-use
baseline. For projects with at least 80% of fixtures and fittings metered, show a reduction
from the baseline year of meter data.
Percentage Reduction
Points (except Data Centers)
Points (Data Centers)
<5%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Active Status:
With a property such as a hotel. Further reduction in flow of water and usage is not
significantly possible. The data for the property reflected that even under stringent
conservation policies set forth by the engineering department, the usage cannot be limited as
the usage of water by guest cannot be curbed. Also brand standards for flow and use of water
cannot be violated therefore a maximum possible reduction in the usage of water in the
system is approx. 2-3%
This entitles the project to be 1 point on this scale and is limited to such by external factors.
Points Awarded: 1 point
5.5 Cooling Tower Water Use

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For cooling towers and evaporative condensers, conduct a potable water analysis within five
years of submission for certification, measuring at least the five control parameters listed in
Table.
Parameter [Ca (as CaCO3)]
Maximum level [1,000 ppm]
Total alkalinity
1,000 ppm
SiO2
100 ppm
Cl
250 ppm
Conductivity
2000 S/cm
ppm
parts
per
million
S/cm = micro siemens per centimeter

Calculate the number of cooling tower cycles by dividing the maximum allowed
concentration level of each parameter by the actual concentration level of each parameter
found in the potable makeup water.
Limit cooling tower cycles to avoid exceeding maximum values for any of these parameters.
Cooling tower cycles
Points (except Data
Points (Data
Centers)
Centers)
Maximum number of cycles

achieved without exceeding
any
filtration
affecting
levels
operation
or
of
condenser water system (up

to maximum of 10 cycles)
Achieve
minimum
10
cycles by increasing the level

Page 23
of treatment in condenser or
make-up-water
OR
Meet the minimum number of
cycles to earn 1 point and

use a minimum 20% recycled
nonpotable water
Active Status:
From the first table the parameters of the water are
Total alkalinity 666ppm
SiO2 98ppm
Cl 200ppm
Conductivity 1835 S/cm

The calculations for the above ratios are:
Total alkalinity 0.666
SiO2 0.98
Cl 0.8
Conductivity 0.9175
Over the cycles of usage (10) the maximum values for the above rations never reached higher
than 1. The maximum values are given below.
Total alkalinity 0.832
SiO2 0.99
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Cl 0.92
Conductivity 0.9821
Under the purviews of the above requirements the points awarded to the property for
management of the system are 2.
5.6 Water Metering

Establish permanently installed meters; 1 point for two water subsystems, 2 points for four or
more water subsystems:
Irrigation. Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the irrigated landscaped area.
Calculate the percentage of irrigated landscape area as the total metered irrigated landscape
area divided by the total irrigated landscape area. Landscape areas fully covered with
xeriscaping or native vegetation that requires no routine irrigation may be excluded from the
calculation.
Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings. Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the indoor
plumbing fixtures and fittings listed in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water-Use Reduction, either
directly or by deducting all other measured water use from the measured total water
consumption of the building and grounds.
Cooling towers. Meter replacement water use of all cooling towers serving the facility.
Domestic hot water. Meter water use of at least 80% of the installed domestic hot water
heating capacity (including both tanks and on-demand heaters).
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Reclaimed water. Meter reclaimed water, regardless of rate. A reclaimed water system with a
makeup water connection must also be metered so that the true reclaimed water component
can be determined.
Other process water. Meter at least 80% of expected daily water consumption for process end
uses, such as humidifiers, dishwashers, clothes washers, and pools.
All meters, including whole-building meters, must be recorded at least weekly and used in a
regular analysis of time trends.
Meters must be calibrated within the manufacturers recommended interval if the building
owner, management organization, or tenant owns the meter. Meters owned by third parties
(e.g., utilities or governments) are exempt.
Active Status:
Sub-systems with meters present:
Irrigation
Cooling Tower
Domestic Hot Water
Reclaimed Water
Pool
Kitchen Areas
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6.
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
To promote continuity of information that is spread to ensure that energy-efficient operating

strategies are used and maintained at the property. It is important to provide a foundation for
training and system analysis of energy and other operation related systems. To reduce the
environmental and economic harms associated with excessive energy use by establishing a
minimum level of operating energy performance.
6.1 Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices
Requirements for N/A Points:
The following is a prerequisite for the above criteria.
Conduct an energy audit that meets both the requirements of the ASHRAE preliminary energy
use analysis and an ASHRAE Level 1 walk-through assessment identified in the ASHRAE
Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits or equivalent.
Prepare and maintain a current facilities requirements and operations and maintenance plan
that contains the information necessary to operate the building efficiently. The plan must
include the following:
a current sequence of operations for the building;
the building occupancy schedule;
equipment run-time schedules;
set points for all HVAC equipment;
set points for lighting levels throughout the building;
minimum outside air requirements;
any changes in schedules or set points for different seasons, days of the week, and times of
day;
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a systems narrative describing the mechanical and electrical systems and equipment in the
building; and
a preventive maintenance plan for building equipment described in the systems narrative.
Active Status:
Comparing to the points mentioned the checklist and status of the above mentioned points is:
The hotel functions on a large number of laterally running parallel system set in place to run
simultaneously.
The building has a staff occupancy schedule but since the building itself cannot predict or
regulate the influx of guests into the hotel an accurate schedule of occupancy cannot be set
forth.
All equipment across the hotel, except specific machinery like, AHUs, booster pumps,
appliances in the kitchen can have and have continuous running hours and are managed and
monitored accordingly.
Air conditioning set points are variable and based on usage per room. Through this the set
points for the system itself cannot be put forward as the load on the system is very widely
varying.
The lighting level throughout the building in public areas is constant. The restaurants have
lighting that is turned off in the night. All other set points are set as active or not. The lights
in the rrom also have variable set points based on usage.
The set points for property vary significantly with season. During winter the performance and
energy requirement set points for the HVAC systems are lower and the building lighting set
point go higher due to lower temperatures and smaller days.
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A system narrative is present and is used to monitor a constant use of each subsystem, i.e. the
mechanical systems such as plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, etc and electrical systems that
provide direct power to these and the central guest room grid.
Preventive maintenance of the buildings and its systems is taken care of and acts on a
constant basis.
Points Awarded: N/A
6.2 Minimum Energy Performance

The following is also a prerequisite needed for the following of the needed criteria.
Calibrate meters within the manufacturers recommended interval if the building owner,
management organization, or tenant owns the meter. Meters owned by third parties (e.g.,
utilities or governments) are exempt.
Meter the buildings energy use for a full 12 months of continuous operation and achieve the
levels of efficiency set forth in the options below. Each buildings energy performance must
be based on actual metered energy consumption for both the LEED project building(s) and
all comparable buildings used for the benchmark.
Projects Not Eligible for ENERGY STAR Rating
Projects not eligible to use EPAs rating system may compare their buildings energy
performance with that of comparable buildings, using national averages or actual buildings,
or with the previous performance of the project building.
Option 1. Benchmark against Typical Buildings
Path 1. National Average Data Available
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Demonstrate energy efficiency performance that is 25% better than the median energy
performance of similar buildings by benchmarking against the national source energy data
provided in the Portfolio Manager tool.
Path 2. National Average Data Not Available
If national average source energy data are unavailable for buildings of similar type,
benchmark against the building site energy data of at least three similar buildings,
normalized for climate, building use, and occupancy. Demonstrate a 25% improvement.
OR
Option 2. Benchmark against Historical Data
If national average source energy data are unavailable, compare the buildings site energy
data for the previous 12 months with the data from three contiguous years of the previous
five, normalized for climate, building use, and occupancy. Demonstrate a 25% improvement.
Active Status:
All energy consumption meters of the building are very accurately calibrated as the energy
consumption on the property is very high and cannot sustain additional costs. The energy
meters in the building are constantly checked and made sure are working properly.
The above ensure that all energy consumed by the building is accurately measured and
monitored. The hotel also maintains strict logs of energy usage and maintains a very strict
regime of control on the consumption. The hotel maps the usage for peaks and checks for
such are done to see why the consumption on the given day were higher.
Option 2 was taken into consideration as historical data for other buildings could not be
procured. This left the option of mapping data and consumption for the previous 5 years. The
property however has only been on site for 2 years. Unsure of whether this would
automatically disqualify the property or not, the analysis was carried out.
Page 30
The median of energy consumption for the hotel on a daily basis median averaged out at
26550.8 units. This daily average when compared to systems utilized in the last year, showed
only as little as 2% improvement.
Since the 25% improvement was required from the building, this re-requisite has failed.
However recommendations have to be made for the improvement of the energy needs for the
building to approach the benchmark and deliver on the awardable criteria. The
recommendations were made:
Use of LED lamps across all public and private guest area of the hotel.
Increased energy control and increased monitoring of the HVAC and peripheral systems
Refrigeration units in kitchen area can employ a cascading expansion valve system and be
placed more strategically to improve performance.
Improved flow and use of AHUs in the system can improve efficiency of cooling. Improved
location of vents and outlets in public area were suggested.
The faade of the building was suggested to have to it added an extra layer of reflective
coating
Points Awarded: N/A
6.2 Building-Level Energy Metering

The following is also a pre-requisite.
Install new or use existing building-level energy meters or submeters that can be aggregated
to provide building-level data representing total building energy consumption (electricity,
natural gas, chilled water, steam, fuel oil, propane, etc). Utility-owned meters capable of
aggregating building-level resource use are acceptable.
Page 31
Compile meter data into monthly and annual summaries; meter readings can be manual or
automated.
Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting energy consumption data and electrical
demand data (if metered) for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts
LEED certification or typical occupancy, whichever comes first. At a minimum, energy
consumption must be tracked at one-month intervals.
This commitment must carry forward for five years or until the building changes ownership
or lessee.
Active Status:
The building has pre-installed meters and sub-meters for each system. The fuel meters are
separate from the central system as fuel is manually fed to the boiler and the water heaters.
All data and stats for the building are available in extremely well kept logs and was collated
to find the average monthly and yearly consumption.
The hotel intends to maintain strict and thorough logs for usage and cost purposes and are
sustained and maintained.
Points Awarded: N/A
6.3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management

The below is also a prerequisite.
Do not use chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in heating, ventilating, airconditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems unless a third-party audit shows that
system replacement or conversion is not economically feasible or unless a phase-out plan for
CFC-based refrigerants is in place. Phase-out plans should be scheduled for completion
within 10 years. The replacement or conversion of HVAC&R equipment is considered not
Page 32
economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement or conversion is greater than
10 years. Perform the following economic analysis:
Simple Payback=
Cost of replacement conversion

Resulting annual energy cost difference+ Resulting annual maintenance
refrigerant cost difference
If CFC-based refrigerants are maintained in the building, reduce annual leakage to 5% or

less using the procedures in the Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608, governing refrigerant
management and reporting (or a local equivalent for projects outside the U.S.), and reduce
the total leakage over the remaining life of the unit to less than 30% of its refrigerant charge.
Small HVAC&R units (defined as containing less than 0.5 pound [225 grams] of refrigerant),
standard refrigerators, small water coolers, and any other cooling equipment that contains
less than 0.5 pound (225 grams) of refrigerant are exempt.
Active Status:
The property utilizes Freon based R12 refrigeration across all systems. Therefore the above
criteria is directly met.
Points Awarded: N/A
6.4 Existing Building Commissioning - Analysis

Evaluate the current performance of the project building against the performance
specifications in the current facilities requirements and the operations and maintenance plan.
Identify the systems and components in the facility to be investigated and analyzed as part of
the existing building commissioning or energy auditing process. Provide a breakdown of
estimated resource use for each of these systems.
Option 1. Existing Building Commissioning
Page 33
Develop an existing building commissioning plan to effectively inventory and evaluate

specific opportunities within the systems being analyzed. The commissioning plan must
include the following:
updated current facilities requirements;

the commissioning team members and their roles and responsibilities during the
commissioning process;
a description of the approach for identifying and analyzing facility improvement
opportunities;
the process for reviewing and prioritizing identified opportunities with the owner and
developing an implementation plan;

the format and content of the eventual deliverables from the commissioning process; and
The proposed schedule.
Option 2. Energy Audit
Develop an energy audit plan following the requirements of ASHRAE Level 2, Energy Survey
and Analysis, to evaluate efficiency opportunities. The audit plan must include the following:
the audit team members and their roles and responsibilities during the audit process;
a description of the approach for identifying and analyzing facility improvement
opportunities;
the process for reviewing and prioritizing identified opportunities with the owner and
developing an implementation plan;

the format and content of the eventual deliverables from the audit process; and
The proposed schedule.
Active Status:
The property decided that an energy audit of the building is a favorable option compared to
building commissioning. As the criteria suggests the following action was taken for such to
set up an audit within the engineering team:
5 members will be a part of the audit team each allotted a separate role, each allotted their
specialty field to make for efficient analysis. The fields selected are HVAC, lighting,
plumbing, and refrigeration systems.
Page 34
A part by part analysis subjecting the system to stress tests to see changes in performance.
The systems will then be checked for losses and improvements will be suggested.
The reviewing and prioritizing cannot be done under my purview of study as it is over my
level of authorization. However once the changes are selected and ordered the process will
carry forward.
The tender for the above can be easily made once the decision for parts and changes being
made are finalized.

The schedule for changes are proposed over the period of 2 years to allow for easy
investment and measurable improvement.
6.5 Ongoing Commissioning

Meet the requirements of EA Credit Existing Building CommissioningAnalysis and EA
Credit Existing Building CommissioningImplementation.
Establish an ongoing commissioning process that includes planning, point monitoring,
system testing, performance verification, corrective action response, ongoing measurement,
and documentation to proactively address operating problems in the systems being
commissioned.
Develop an on-going commissioning plan that defines the following:
roles and responsibilities;

measurement requirements (meters, points, metering systems, data access);
the points to be tracked, with frequency and duration for trend monitoring;
the limits of acceptable values for tracked points and metered values;
the review process that will be used to evaluate performance;
an action plan for identifying and correcting operational errors and deficiencies
planning for repairs needed to maintain performance;
the frequency of analyses in the first year (at least quarterly); and
the subsequent analysis cycle (at least every 24 months).
Page 35
Active Status:
We applied the requirements below to all direct energy-consuming or energy-producing
systems, including lighting, process loads, HVAC & R, domestic water heating, and
renewable energy.
Updated the systems manual with any modifications or new settings.

Reason for any modifications from the original design were set forth.
Defined methods for improving operations and maintenance were also set forth.
Quarterly reports during the first year of implementation and annual reports on the
performance of building systems were suggested to the head of engineering and were agreed
upon to be followed up to.
The propertys operating and maintenance plan and current facilities requirements will be
continually monitored to reflect actual conditions. All issues of annual revisions of these
documents will be made.
The above points were set in motion with the consent of the hotel management. A
commissioning plan was suggested but the audit is very similar and a plan would not fall into
place therefore, though measure are taken to ensure the above criteria points cannot be
awarded for it.
6.6 Optimize Energy Performance

Demonstrate increased energy efficiency or efficiency improvement beyond EA Prerequisite
Minimum
Energy Performance as described below. Each building must provide actual metered energy
data. A full
12 months of continuous energy data is required.
Page 36
.Case 1. ENERGY STAR Rating (320 points)

For buildings eligible to receive an energy performance rating using the EPA ENERGY
STARs Portfolio Manager tool, points are awarded for ENERGY STAR scores above 75,
according to Table 1. For projects outside the U.S., consult ASHRAE/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.12010, Appendixes B and D, to determine the appropriate climate zone.
Table 1. Points for ENERGY STAR performance ratings
ENERGY STAR ratingPoints

76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
10
84
11
85
12
86
13
87
14
88
15
89
16
90
17
91
18
93
19
95
20
Case 2. Projects Not Eligible for ENERGY STAR Rating

Page 37
Projects not eligible to use EPAs rating system may compare their buildings energy
performance with
35
10
that of
comparable
36
11
buildings,
using national
37
12
averages or
actual buildings,
38
13
or with the
previous
39
14
performance of
40
15
41
16
42
17
43
18
44
19
45
20
building.
Option 1.
Benchmark
against Typical
Buildings (120
the project
points) Path 1. National Average Data Available (120

points)
Demonstrate energy efficiency performance that is at least 26% better than the median
energy performance for typical buildings of similar type by benchmarking against
national average source energy data provided in the Portfolio Manager tool. Points are
awarded according to Table 2.
Table 2. Points for percentage improvement over nation
Percentage improvement
Points
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33 of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

8
Dept.
34
Page 38
Path 2. National Average Data Not Available (214 points)

If national average source energy data are unavailable for buildings of similar type,
benchmark against the building site energy data of at least three similar buildings,
normalized for climate, building use,
and occupancy. Points are awarded according to Table 3.
OR
Option 2. Benchmark against Historical Data
If national average source energy data are unavailable, compare the buildings site energy
data for the previous 12 months with the data from three contiguous years of the previous
five, normalized for climate,
building use, and occupancy. Use Table 3 to determine points.
Table 3. Points for percentage improvement over comparable buildings (Option 1,
Path 2) or historical data (Option 2)
Percentage improvement
Points
27
30
33
36
39
10
42
12
45
14
Page 39
OR
Option 3. Benchmark against Both Similar Buildings and Historical Data
Follow the requirements of both Option 1, Path 2, and Option 2 to benchmark against the
site energy data for the three similar buildings and the buildings historic data. Use Table 2
to determine points.
Active Status:
The data for the above was collected and option 3 using historical data as for the pre-requisite
was collated and set for the above and as per the given guide lines. The building
improvement in energy consumption was negligible as compared to historical data as no
significant changes to the systems in the hotel were made in the recent past.
This therefore, since once already disqualified for the above criteria does not earn the site any
leverage or points.
3.7 Renewable Energy and Carbon Offsets

Demonstrate one or both of the following for at least a portion of the buildings total energy
use.
Total energy use is met directly with renewable energy systems.
A minimum two-year contract is in place, with the commitment to renew on an ongoing

basis, to purchase qualified resources that will be delivered at least annually. Resources
must have come online after January 1, 2005.
Meet at least some of the buildings total energy use directly with renewable energy
systems, or engage in a contract to purchase green power, carbon offsets, or Renewable
Energy Certificates (RECs).
Page 40
Green power and RECs must be Green-e Energy Certified or the equivalent. RECs can be
used only to mitigate the effects of Scope 2, electricity use.
Carbon offsets may be used to mitigate Scope 1 or Scope 2 emissions on a metric ton of
carbon dioxideequivalent basis and must be Green-e Climate certified, or the equivalent.
For U.S. projects, the offsets must come from greenhouse gas emissions reduction projects
within the U.S.
Use the following equation to calculate credit, up to the 5-point limit:
Active Status:
The hotel does not employ any form of renewable energy. All energy utilized by the hotel is
bought off of the grid. Since the site is surrounded by city and has constraints of space, no
possibility of adding renewable energy can be added. Therefore this criteria has failed.
Page 41
7. CONCLUSION
The hotel has a lot of scope for improvement in terms of energy policy and environmental
policy changes to improve its systems. The changes above have been suggested are only a
small section of the full report needed and produced while working at the Westin Mumbai
Garden City.
The full LEED analysis of the hotel is a massive feat that if given a longer opportunity to
work with the hotel I would have pursued and applied for accreditation of the building. The
current status of the building and my opportunity there limits the scope of my study.
From the above, the total credits earned by the property so far are: 18 points.
The total point that could have been awarded to the hotel are
: 68 points.
The LEED criteria for a silver (minimum successful rating) is 50 points. The hotel can strive
to achieve the rating or even higher, however the expense and the work required might offset
the benefit towards the environment.
Page 42

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REPORT ON

THE WESTIN MUMBAI GARDEN CITY

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

June 2013 July 2013

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

2.1 The Westin Mumbai Garden City

2.2 About LEED

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Building Design and Construction

Each rating system is made up of a combination of credit categories.

2.3 Scope of work

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION

The location of a commercial building or workspace is of great significance in how it effects

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Site Overhead View

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

4.3 Heat Island Reduction

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

4.4 Light Pollution Reduction

4.5 Site Management

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Requirement for 1 Points:

Limited Turf Area

All Manual or Electric-Powered Equipment

o Use all manual or electric-powered equipment in all site management operations.

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Reduction in Emissions from Site Management Equipment

4.6 Site Improvement Plan

Documentation of existing site conditions;

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Site improvement objectives;

Performance standards to evaluate ongoing progress; and

Vegetation. Documentation of existing vegetation on-site, turf area reduction, management of

Soils. Documentation of general soil structure, preservation of healthy soils, remediation of

4.7 Joint Use of Facilities

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

In collaboration with the building authorities, contract with community or other

community service centres (provided by state or local offices);

library or media centre;

parking lot; and

One or more commercial businesses.

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering

The Westin Mumbai Garden City: Engineering Department

Baseline (SI units)

Toilet (water closet)

Public lavatory (restroom) faucet

1.9 lpm at 415 kPa, all others except private