IPv6 network in GNS3

OLT KBO SNYERS Frdric

Outline

Introduction IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
GNS3 Setup
GNS3 Connectivity

Introduction to IPv6

Introduction IPv6
Shortcomings IPv4:
Limited address space (IPv4 32-bit -> IPv6 128-bit)
Forces using of NAT | Private and public addresses

Address configuration issues

Need for DHCP

IPsec was later addition to IP

Large routing tables
QOS is limited

Advantages IPv6

Larger address space

Stateless and stateful address
Autoconfiguration is possible (NO DHCP needed)
Built-in security of IPsec
Better QOS support (more fields reserved)
Improved Host and Router Discovery (NDP)

Conclusion
Easier management of networks
Auto configuration (no DHCP required)

End-to-end connective integrity

Direct addressing (no NAT required)

Unconstrained address abundance

128 bit addresses

Security Features
Built in IPsec

IPv6 Addressing
128-bit addresses
Auto configuration requires 64bit (interface
ID) -> based on MAC-address (48bit)
! Privacy concern (no NAT) ! -> privacy
extension added

IPv6 Addressing
3 Types of addressing:
Unicast (one to one)

Anycast (one to nearest of group)

Think of DNS-servers
Manually group configuration

 Multicast:

IPv6 Addressing

FF <SCOPE ID> ::<GROUP ID>

Group ID=1 : Nodes
Group ID=2 : Routers
Group ID=5 : OSPFv3 Routers

IPv6 Addressing
Link Local Address (Like private IP IPv4)
FE80::INTERFACE-ID

Global Unicast Address (Like public IP IPv4)

Not Depending of MAC (random) & temporary state

Private Unicast Address

Depending on MAC address

N bits

M bits

128-(N+M) bits

IPv6 Addressing
Solicited-node multicast address (SNMA)
Type of anycast
Used for L2 address resolution -> Neighbor solicitation
Duplicate Address Detection
Send to proposed SNMA
If no answer -> address is free.

FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX

Multicast

Scope-ID

Solicited-node

Last 24-bits of IPv6 address

IPv6 Addressing
Interface-ID:
Automatically (EUI-64) -> based on MAC (GUA)
DHCPv6 -> attributed
Random (private)
Manually (statefull)

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

Functionalities
Router and subnet discovery
Address auto-configuration
L2 <> L3 Address resolution => NO ARP
Neighbor unreachability detection
Duplicate address detection

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

5 types of ICMPv6 messages:
Router Solicitation (type 133)
Router Advertisement (type 134)
Neighbor Solicitation (type 135)
Neighbor Advertisement (type 136)
Redirect (type 137)

ARP-replacement

 Router Solicitation message

Every node can request all routers on local link by
sending RS messages.
Need of network information
Source: LLA
Destination: Router Multicast (ff02::2)

 Router Solicitation

S: LLA
D: Router Multicast

 Router Advertisement message

Router sends periodically RA messages with
different options and network information.
Source: LLA
Destination: all-nodes multicast (ff02::1)

 Router Advertisement message

Router Advertisement

S: LLA
D: Node Multicast

 Neighbor Solicitation | Advertisement message:

L2<->L3 address resolution (ARP replacement)
Duplicate Address Detection
Host availability check

 Neighbor Solicitation message:

Source: LLA (L2<->L3) or unspecified (stateless
conf)
Destination: unicast or SNMA

Neighbor Solicitation

S: not applicable
D: SNMA

 Neighbor Advertisement message:

Neighbor Advertisement

 Neighbor Redirect Message

 Neighbor Redirect message

GNS3 Setup
Topology
3 cisco c7200 routers (3 fe interfaces), 2 Ethernet
switches and 2 Ubuntu 14.04 clients

GNS3 Setup
Subnetting:
f0/0

f0/1

f1/0

Router-ID

R1

2014:1:1:1221/64

2014:1:1:1331/64

2014:2:2:A/64

1.1.1.1

R2

2014:1:1:1221/64

2014:1:1:2332/64

2014:2:2:A/64

2.2.2.2

R3

2014:1:1:1331/64

2014:1:1:2332/64

2014:2:2:B/64

3.3.3.3

Addressing
Automatic eui-64 addressing on all nodes and
interfaces.

GNS3 Setup
Host configuration

GNS3 Setup

GNS3 Setup
Routing:
OSPFv3 (IPv6 based) with router-id (Ipv4)
Only 1 area is considered (small network)

GNS3 Connectivity
Routing table (example R1)

GNS3 Connectivity
Ping:
Host B

Host A

References
Cisco 7200 Series Port Adapter Hardware Configuration
Guidelines, Bandwidth Points Documentation
IPv6 Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15.2MT
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Problems, Joel Jaeggli
What are the limitations of IPv4, What is IPv6, Bosco
Eduardo Fernandes
RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IPv6
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Messages, Lawrence Hughes
Types and Categories of IPv6 Addresses, TCP/IP Users
Guide, SC24-6127-04