Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Deterioration
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Cavitation
Good-quality concrete shows excellent resistance to
steady high-velocity flow of clear water; however
nonlinear flow at velocities exceeding 40 ft/sec. may
cause severe erosion of concrete due to cavitation.
Note: In contrast with erosion or abrasion, a strong
concrete may not necessarily be effective in preventing
damage due to cavitation. Solution = eliminate the
causes of cavitation (review hydraulic design such as
surface misalignments or abrupt change of slope).
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Crystallization of salts
The crystallization of salts in the pores of
concrete can produce stresses that may
damage the concrete structure. This can
happen when the concentration of the solute
(C) exceeds the saturation concentration (Cs).
Higher C/Cs ratio (degree of supersaturation)
produces higher crystallization pressure.
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
The problem
The transformation of ice from liquid water generates a
volumetric dilation of 9%. If the transformation occurs in
small capillary pores, the ice crystals can damage the
cement paste by pushing the capillary walls and by
generating hydraulic pressure.
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
The solution
Air voids can provide an effective escape boundary to
reduce this pressure.
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Air-Entraining
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Degree of Saturation
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Degree of Saturation
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Degree of Saturation
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Low-temperature SEM
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Images
Ice
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Freezing of concrete
Ice
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Physical Deterioration
MSA (in)
3/4
4.5
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
D-cracking
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Deterioration by fire
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Fire in tunnels
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Physical Deterioration
Consequence
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
Fire in the
Chunnel
Physical Deterioration
P.K. Mehta and P.J.M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials