cHAPTER 7 limits and

continuity

Focus on Exam 7

1 (a) |x + 3| =

-x - 3, x < -3,
x + 3,

x -3.

(x + 1)(-x - 3)
x+3
= -x - 1
(x + 1)(x + 3)
For x -3, f(x) =
x+3
=x+1
Hence, in the non-modulus form,
-x - 1, x < -3
f(x) =
x + 1, x -3
For x < -3, f(x) =

(b) The graph of f(x) is as shown below.

y = x 1

y=x+1

1
3

1
2

(c) lim- f(x) = -(-3) -1

x-3

=2

lim f(x) = (-3) + 1

x-3+

= -2
(d) lim f(x) does not exist because lim f(x) lim+f(x).
x-3

x-3

x-3

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ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term

2 (a) lim- h(x) = 2

x 1

x = -1 is in the range -3 x < 0, so the

part of the function x + p is used.

-1 + p = 2
p = 3

(b) Since lim h(x) exists,

x-3

lim h(x) = lim+h(x)

x-3-

x-3

x2 - k

(-3) - k = -3 + 3
k = 9
Since limh(x) exists,

lim- h(x) = lim+ h(x)

x0

x0

x+3

0 + 3 = e0-q

e x-q

ln 3 = -q
q = -ln 3
= ln 3-1
= ln1
3

(c)

h(x) =

x 2 - 9, x < -3,
x + 3,
-3 x < 0,
x
x 0.
3e ,
e x-q =

3 (a) fog = f [g(x)]

1

= f
x-3

(1, 8.15)

ex
eq
ex
ln

y = 3e x
1

e 3
ex
=
1
3
= 3e x

x0

x+3

y = x2 9

4 3 2 1 O

x
1

1
1
x-3

= 2(3 + x - 3)

= 2x
The domain of fog is the same as the domain of g, i.e. {x : x R, x 3}.
Because the domain cannot take the value 3, the range of fog cannot take the value
2x = 2(3)

= 6.
Hence, the range of fog is {y : y R, y 6}.

=2 3+

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Fully Worked Solutions

(b)
y

y = 2x

limfog(x) = 2(3)
(c) 
x3
=6
and
limfog(x) = 2(3)
-

x3+

=6
Since limfog(x) = limfog(x)
x3-

x3+

=6
o
then limf g(x) = 6
x3

4 In the non-modulus form,

f(x) =

(a)

x 2 - 1,
x < -1
2
-x + 1,
-1 x < 1
(x - 2)(x - 3), x 1
y

2
y = x2 1

y = (x 2)(x 3)

1
1 O

y = x 2 + 1

(b) (i) lim f(x) = 12 - 1

x-1

=0
lim f(x) = -12 + 1
x-1

=0

f(-1) = -12 + 1

=0
-

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term


Since lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x-1-

= f(-1)
= 0, then f(x) is continuous at x = -1.

x-1+

(ii) lim f(x) = -12 + 1

x1-

=0

lim f(x) = (1 - 2)(1 - 3)

x1+

=2


Since limf(x) limf(x), then limf(x) does not exist.
x1-

x1+

x1

Hence, f
(x) is not continuous at x = 1.
5 (a)

f(x) =

x2 , x < 0
-x

x2 , x 0
x
In the non-modulus form,

-x, x < 0
f(x) =

x, x 0

g(x) =

-x + 3x , x < 0
2

x + 3x , x 0
2
In the non-modulus form,

g(x) =

(b)

of(x) =
g


of(x) =
g

x,

x<0

2x, x 0

{
{

g(-x), x < 0
g(x), x 0
-x, x < 0

2x, x 0

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014

Fully Worked Solutions

(c) limgof(x) = -0
x0

=0
limgof(x) = 2(0)
x0

=0

gof(0) = 2(0)

=0
-

Since limgof(x) = limgof(x)

x0-

x0+

= f(0)
= 0, then gof(x) is continuous at x = 0.

(d)

y
4

2
y = 2x
y = x

3x + 1
x+2
As f(x), the denominator of f(x) 0

x+20

x -2
Hence, x = -2 is the vertical asymptote.
3x + 1
lim f(x) = lim

x
x x + 2
6 f(x) =

1 2
1 2

3x 1
+
x x
= lim
x
x 2
+
x x

1
x

= lim
x
2
1+
x
3+0

=
1+0

=3
Hence, y = 3 is the horizontal asymptote.
3+

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term

1
2
2

1
3

y
y=

x+1

y = x 1

y=x1
1

(a) lim f(x) = -(-1) - 1

x-1

= 0

Substituting x = -1 into -x - 1.

lim f(x) = -1 + 1
=0

lim f(x) = 1 + 1

x1-

Substituting x = 1 into x + 1.

= 2

Substituting x = -1 into x + 1.

x-1+

lim f(x) = 1 - 1
=0

x1+

Substituting x = 1 into x - 1.

(b) f (x) is continuous at x = -1 because lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(-1) = 0

x-1-

x-1+

but not continuous at x = 1 because lim f(x) lim f(x).

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014

x1-

x1+

Fully Worked Solutions

6
90

8 (a) lim f ( x ) =
x 0

=2

x
=
1+ x 1

1+ x +1

)( 1 + x + 1)
x ( 1 + x + 1)
=
1+ x 1

1+ x 1
= 1+ x +1
lim+ f ( x ) = 1 + 0 + 1
x0

=2

Since lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 2,

lim f ( x ) exists.
x 0

x 0

x 0

(b) f ( 0 ) = 10

From (a), lim f ( x ) = 2 .

x 0

Since lim f ( x ) f ( 0 ) , f is not continuous at x = 0.

x 0

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