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RichardMay TeamLead,Aqwadevelopment
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
1.Introduction
Oceanwaveswithdifferentfrequencies anddirections
areverydifficulttomodelmathematically
Varioussimplified theories&spectralmodelsofoceanwaves
smallamplitudelinearAirywave
higherorderStokeswave
longcrestedirregularwaves
multipledirectional(shortcrested)irregularwaves
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Wavesinduceforcesonoffshorestructures:
thewaveexcitingforcesatwavefrequency
nonlinearwaveforces:
lowfrequencydriftforce&sumfrequencyforces,
duetotheinstantaneouswettedhullsurfacevarying,
impact,slammingforces.
Longcrestedwavecasedoesnotnecessarilyleadto
conservativeresults,
theinteractioneffectbetweenwavesfromdifferent
directionsmaybeimportant(Renaud etal.2008)
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
2.OceanWavesModelinginAqwa
13.0andbefore
Airywave
SecondorderStokeswave
same
Formulatedspectrum
Userdefinespectrum
Importedwaveelevation(IWHT)
same
Main+crossswell
Spreadingwaves
2Dcarpetwaves
14.0andthereafter
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Spectralgroup
Anycombination
same
14.0 inLibriumandDrift
14.5 inFer
same
onesubdirninLine&Naut
Structureofwavespectralgroup
WaveSpectralGroup
Singlespectrum
Main+crossswell
2DCarpet
SpreadSea
ImportedWHT
1subdirn
2subdirns
Upto41
subdirns
7subdirns
1subdirn
Upto5IWHTs
Upto20Spectra,41subdirections
*IWHTs:Importedfilesofwaveelevationtimehistory
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
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DefinitionofspectralgroupinAqwasuite
13SPGR
13SGNM
UDEF + PSMZ + 2 IWHTs
13CURR
0.5
50.0
13ISOW
13WIND
15.0
150.0
*-------------------------------------------------13NAME
1.UDEF - LONG CRESTED
*-------------------------------------------------13SEED 1005
13SPDN
0.000
13UDEF
0.3142
0.0000
...
13UDEF
1.8850
0.4618
13FINI
*--------------------------------------------------13NAME
2. LONG CRESTED -FORMULATTED
*--------------------------------------------------13SEED 1006
13PSMZ
0.3
2.5
0.001
*--------------------------------------------------13NAME
3. IMPORTED WAVE ELEVATION
*--------------------------------------------------13SEED 1007
13IWHT
MTWAVE1.WHT
13IWHT
MTWAVE2.WHT
13NODR
END13
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Spectralgroup&name
Onecurrent/windsetting
Wavespectrumdefinition
Seeddefinition
7.0
(seeAqwa reference4.13.6
fordefaultvalues)
Ignore2nd forceofthis
subdirectionalspectrum
DefinitionofspectralgroupinAqwaWorkbench
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
3.MultiDirectionalWaveEffectsonLoads
Waverepresentation:Linearsuperposition nointeraction
Nd Nw
i (K X cos K Y sin t
( X , t ) a jm e
jm
jm
jm
jm )
m 1 j 1
1st orderwaveexcitingforce:Linearsuperposition
N d Nw
1
(1) i ( jm t jm )
F (t ) a jm F jm e
m 1 j 1
Morisondragforce:Linearsuperpositionoffluid particlevelocities
1
C d U r ( t ) U r ( t ),
2
Nd Nw
i ( jm
U r ( t ) a jm V jm ( X ) e
Fd ( t )
m 1 j 1
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
t jm )
UC U S
Secondorderwaveforces
Nd Nd N m N n
( 2)
F (t ) a jm akn{ Pjkmn
cos[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]
m 1 n 1 j 1 k 1
Q jkmn sin[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]
Pjkmn
cos[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]
Q jkmn sin[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )] },
Quadruplesummations
Interactionbetweenfrequencies (sumanddifference)
andbetweendirections
Driftdamping(Kimetal,1997)
Nd
Nd Nw
B11 11 ( j ; m , n )Fx ( j ; m , n ),
m 1 n 1 j 1
1
1
2K j
) (sinm
)}
11(j ; m, n ) { (cosm cosn ) (k j
sinn
2
j Cgj Cgj
m
n
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
MeanDriftforceformultiple directionalwavecase
F
( 2)
Nd
Nd Nw
a jm a jn{ Pjjmn
cos( jm jn ) Qjjmn sin( jm jn )}
m1 n1 j 1
MeanDriftforceforsingle directionalwavecase
F
Nw
a j P jj
(2)
j 1
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
Triplesummationsincludingdirectionalcoupling,
Inphaseandoutofphasecomponents,
Sensitivetowaveletrandomphases.
November26,2012
ForcespectruminFer
Firstorderwaveexcitingforce
Nd
2
(1)
Fm ( ) S m ( )
S F (1) ( )
m 1
Differencefrequencysecondorder waveforce(v14.5)
Nd Nd
m1 n1
Dmn (, )
2
Pmn
( ,
Totalwaveforce
SF () SF (1) () SF ( 2) ()
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Qmn
( ,
Secondorderforcecoefficients
1
g r( 1 ) r( 1 ) n dl
F (2)
2
WL
1
[ ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ] n dS
2 S0
[ X
S0
(1 )
S0
(1 )
d (1 )
] n dS
dt
Waterlineintegral
Bernoulli
Acceleration
F (1 )
Momentum
d (2)
n dS
dt
2nd orderpotential
withoutthe5th termandusingcomplexvaluesforunitwaveamplitude
1
1
'
'
n dl [ 'jm 'kn ] n dS
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn ) g rjm
rkn
4
4 S0
WL
'
'
d 'kn
1
1
[ X jm
] n dS 'jm [ M s Xgkn
],
dt
2 S0
2
1
1
'
'*
n dl [ 'jm '*
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn ) g rjm
rkn
kn ] n dS
4
4 S0
WL
'*
'
'*
1
d kn
1
[ X jm
] n dS 'jm [ M s Xgkn
].
2 S0
dt
2
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
4.ExtendedNewmansApproximation
(
P
,
Q
,
P
,
Q
jkmn
jkmn
jkmn
jkmn )
Storedatabase,
(Pjkmn
, Q jkmn , Pjkmn
, Q jkmn )
Interpolatingofallwaveletsateachtimestep,
Quadruplesummationofall2nd orderforcecomponents
isnumericallyprohibitive
Newmansapproximationforsingle directionalwaves
1
P jk ' [ P jj Pkk ]
2
ExtendedNewmansapproximationformultiple directionalwaves
'
1
Pjkmn [ Pjjmn Pkknm ],
2
'
1
Q jkmn
[Q jjmn Qkknm
].
2
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
4.NewmansApproximation
=12.........j
2
.
.
.
j
14
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
4.ExtendedNewmansApproximation
=12....................j
2
.
.
.
j
15
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
EmployingextendedNewmansapproximation
(2)
F
{( c jm ) [ ( c kn Pkknm s kn Q kknm ) ]}
Nd
Nm
Nd Nn
m 1
j 1
n 1 k 1
{( s jm ) [ ( s kn Pkknm c kn Q kknm )] }
Nd
Nm
Nd Nn
m 1
j 1
n 1 k 1
Requiredirectional couplingmeandriftforcecoefficientsdatabase,
(
P
,
Q
Obtainofactualrelativedirectionateachtimestep,
kknm
kknm )
Quadruplesummationreducedtotriple summation.
Lessharddiskandmemoryrequirement,
moreefficient
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
ValidationofextendedNewmansapproximation
'
Pjkmm
'
Q jkmm
Surge
1.E+5
6.E+4
0.E+0
-1.E+5
-2.E+5
Full QTF
4.E+4
Newman
Approximation
2.E+4
0.E+0
-3.E+5
-2.E+4
-4.E+5
-4.E+4
-5.E+5
-6.E+4
-6.E+5
-8.E+4
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.025(rad / s)
1.E+5
8.0E+4
0.E+0
4.0E+4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-1.E+5
Rectangularboxindeepwater,
Internallid,
No5th term
0.0E+0
-2.E+5
-3.E+5
-4.0E+4
-4.E+5
-8.0E+4
-5.E+5
-1.2E+5
-6.E+5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
m n 180
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0E+0
-4.0E+4
Pjkmm
Q jkmm
Goodforsmall
-2.E+5
-8.0E+4
-3.E+5
-1.2E+5
-4.E+5
-1.6E+5
-2.0E+5
0.0
2011ANSYS,Inc.
0.6
4.0E+4
0.E+0
-5.E+5
17
0.4
8.0E+4
-1.E+5
0.2
0.05(rad / s)
m=n:Newmansapproximation 1.E+5
0
0.0
November26,2012
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.1(rad / s)
0
0
2nd ordersurgeforce (m 180 , n 90 )
'
Pjkmn
1.5E+5
'
Qjkmn
1.0E+5
0.025(rad / s)
1.0E+5
0.0E+0
5.0E+4
0.0E+0
-1.0E+5
-5.0E+4
Full QTF
-1.0E+5
Newman
Approximation
-1.5E+5
-2.0E+5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-2.0E+5
-3.0E+5
0.0
1.0E+5
5.0E+4
5.0E+4
0.0E+0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.05(rad / s)
-5.0E+4
0.0E+0
-1.0E+5
-5.0E+4
-1.5E+5
-1.0E+5
-2.0E+5
-1.5E+5
-2.5E+5
-2.0E+5
-3.0E+5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.0E+5
1.0E+5
0.1(rad / s)
0.0E+0
0.0E+0
-1.0E+5
-1.0E+5
-2.0E+5
-3.0E+5
-2.0E+5
0.0
18
0.2
2011ANSYS,Inc.
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
November26,2012
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
'
'
Pjkmn
, Qjkmn
sameorder
Goodforsmall
Directionalcouplingeffecton2nd ordersurgeforce
6.E+5
3.0E+5
5.E+5
2.5E+5
4.E+5
2.0E+5
' 2
'
(Pjkmn
) (Qjkmn
)2
m 1800
0.05(rad / s)
1.5E+5
3.E+5
2.E+5
1.E+5
Full QTF
1.0E+5
Newman
Approximation
5.0E+4
0.0E+0
0.E+0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
40
3.0E+5
3.0E+5
2.5E+5
2.5E+5
2.0E+5
2.0E+5
1.5E+5
1.5E+5
1.0E+5
1.0E+5
5.0E+4
5.0E+4
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.0E+0
0.0E+0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
90 0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
130 0
Extended Newmansapproximation
Enabletoestimatetoincludedirectionalcouplingeffect
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn )
AsgoodastheoriginalNewmansapproximationformultipledirections
Easyaccomplishment
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
5.Effectofmultidirectionalspectrum
onamooredLNGcarrier
Lengthbetweenperpendiculars:274m
Draft:11m
Softmooringsystem:
Longitudinalmooringstiffness:281kN/m
Transversemooringstiffness:254kN/m
Rotationalmooringstiffness:4.58E6kNm
Rolldamping:4.0e5kNms/rad
13500m^3storagecapacityLNGcarrier
(bycourtesyofSBM)
Spreadsea:
JONSWAPspectrum:Hs=1m,Tp=10s, 3.3
spreadingform:cos 2 ( ), 180 0
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Waterdepth:15m
AqwaLineCalculation
Softspringsystemisdefinedbyadditionalstructuralstiffness(SSTF)
39frequenciesand37directionsin[180,180]degrees
UseMQTF optiontocalculatethedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFmatrices
25%extraCPUtimeforthedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFcalculation
*.MQTsizeof12mb comparedto2.3mbof*.RES
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Effectsonequilibriumposition
Threetreatmentsofspreadingsea:
(1)Longcrestedwavealongmainheading AB7878P2LONG
(2)Representedby7pointGaussianintegration,nodirectionalcouplingMQTF AB7878P2NOQTF
(3)Representedby7pointGaussianintegration,withdirectionalcouplingMQTF AB7878P2MQTF
91
DRM1
91FILE
91CSTR
1
END91
AL7878P2M15.MQT
Inputdata
Iterativeprocedure
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Timedomainanalysis(AqwaDrift)
5%CPUincrementfor7subdirectioncouplingdriftforcecalculation
Evidentdifferencesbetween3treatmentresults
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Frequencydomainanalysis(AqwaFer 14.5)
Outputtotalforce/responsespectrumcontributedbyallsubspectra
OutputRAOetalinmainsubdirection(withmax.Hs)
OptionallyoutputRAOinspecifiedsubdirection(SSPC indeck18)
Comparisonofthesignificanttranslationalmotions
Surge (m)
24
Sway (m)
Drift freq.
Wave freq.
Drift freq.
Long crested
1.073
0.018
Spread,
no coupling
Spread, coupling
0.558
0.620
2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Heave (m)
0.000
Wave
freq.
0.000
Drift freq.
0.011
Wave
freq.
0.036
0.025
0.563
0.040
0.007
0.055
0.025
0.618
0.040
0.007
0.055
6.Conclusions
Spectralgroupisintroducedtomodelmultidirectionalwaves
ThedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFsarecalculatedandusedinAqwa
ExtendedNewmansapproximationprovidesafast&relativelyaccurate
approachwithacceptableharddisk/memoryrequirements
MultipledirectionalwavesanddirectionalcouplingQTFshouldbe
consideredformooredoffshorestructurehydrodynamicanalysis.
Thanks!
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2011ANSYS,Inc.
November26,2012
Azzalini A,DuS.,MayR.(2012)ExtendedNewmansapproximationforthesecondorderdriftforceinshortcrestedwaves,preparedforNAV2012.
ChenX.J.,MoanT.,FuS.X.andCuiW.C.(2006)"SecondOrderHydroelastic AnalysisofaFloatingPlateinMultidirectionalIrregularWaves",International
JournalofNonLinearMechanics,Vol.16,pp.12061218.
KimS.,Sclavounos P.D.andNielsenF.G.(1997)"SlowDriftResponsesofMooredPlatforms",Proc.ofthe8thInt.Conf.ontheBehaviourofOffshore
StructuresBOSS1997,July1997,Delft,TheNetherland,Vol.2,pp.161176.
NewmanJ.N.(1974)"SecondOrder,SlowlyVaryingForcesonVesselsinIrregularWaves", Proc.ofInt.Symp.DynamicsofMarineVehiclesand
StructuresinWaves,Ed.BishopREDandPriceWG,Mech.Eng.PublicationsLtd,London,UK,pp.193197.
PinksterJ.A.(1980)"LowFrequencySecondOrderWaveExcitingForcesonFloatingStructures",PhDThesis,DelftUniversity of Technology.
Renaud M.,Rezende F.C.,ChenX.B.andParigi C.J.(2008)"SecondOrderWaveLoadsonaLNGCarrierinMultiDirectionalIrregularWaves",Proc.of 8th
Int.Conf.onHydrodynamics ICHD,October2008,Nantes,France,pp.373380.
Renaud M.,Rezende F.,WaalsO.,ChenX.B.andvanDijk R.(2008)"SecondOrderWaveLoadsonaLNGCarrierinMultiDirectionalWaves",Proc.ofthe
27thInt.Conf.onOcean,offshoreandArcticEngineeringOMAE2008,June2008,Estoril,Portugal,Vol.1,PaperNo.OMAE20085740979,pp.363370.
Rezende F.C.andChenX.B.(2010)"ApproximationofSecondorderLowFrequencyWaveLoadinginMultiDirectionalWaves",Proc.oftheASME29th
Int.Conf.onOceanandArcticEngineering,June2010,Shanghai,China,Vol.3,PaperNo.OMAE201021099,pp.855861.
Sergent E.andNaciri M.(2010)"WaveSpreadingandWaveDriftLoadsforaStandardLNGCarrierinShallowWater",Proc.oftheASME29thInt.Conf.
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