Block 1

A. Present Perfect Simple

1.- Description
AFF: Subject + has / have + verb in past participle + complement.
NEG:

Subject + hasn`t / haven`t + verb in past participle + complement.

INT: Has / Have + Subject + verb in past participle + complement + ?.

2.- Function
Used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just
finished.

3.- Special Features

Has( he, she, it ).
Have( I, You, we, they ).

4.- Examples
I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken

5.- Exercises

Aff:

I have studied English all day.

Neg:

I havent studied English all day.

Int:

Have I studied English all day ?

Yes, I have.
No, I havent.

Aff:

She has gone to the supermarket.

Neg:

She hasnt gone to the supermarket.

Int:

Has She gone to the supermarket ?

Yes, She has.
No, She hasnt.

Aff:

They have eaten pizza.

Neg: They havent eaten pizza.

Int:

Have They eaten pizza ?

Yes, They have.
No, They havent.

B. Present Perfect Continuous

1.Description
AFF:

Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing + complement.

NEG: Subject + hast / havent + been + verb-ing + complement.

INT:Has / Have + Subject + been + verb-ing + complement + ?.

2.- Function
Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going
on or has just finished.
We use the Present Perfect Progressive to emphasise the duration or continuous
course of an action.

3.- Special Features

Has( he, she, it ) + been + verb-ing.
Have( I, You, we, they ) + been + verb-ing.

4.- Examples
I / you / we / they have been speaking.
he / she / it has been speaking.
5.- Exercises
Aff:

I have been playing videogames all afternoon.

Neg:

I havent been playing videogamesall afternoon.

Int:

Have I been playing videogames all afternoon?

Yes, I have.
No, I havent

Aff:
Neg:
Int:

He has been studying for the test.

He hasnt been studying for the test.
Has He been studying for the test?.
Yes, He has.
No, He hasnt.

C. Present Perfect Simple VS Present Perfect Continuous

(contrast)

BLOCK 2

A) Used to / Didn`t use to / Would

a) Description: Used to
We use Used to for past habits. When we talk about things that happened in
the past but dont happen anymore. Use (to) (used in the past tense) expresses
that an activity was a past habit; it occurred at an earlier stage of life but not
now. It focuses on the habit, not duration or frequency.
1. Function
We can use used to to talk about past states or we can use used to to talk about
repeated past
actions.
used to is only for past states/actions that dont happen now.
2. Special Features
Aff: Subject + used to + verb base form + complement.
Neg: Subject + didnt use to + verb base form + complement.
Int: Did + Subject + use to + verb base form + complement + ?
3. Examples
Aff: We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
Neg: We didn`t use to live in New York when I was a kid.
Int: Did we use to live in New York when I was a kid?
Yes, we did.
No, we didnt.

4. Exercises
We

used

to go to the beach after school.

We

used

to put on our swimsuits.

We

used

to head for the waves.

used

to smoke and act "cool".

Theguys

b) Description: Didn`t use to

We use Didnt use to for past habits in negative sentences When we talk
about things that happened in the past but dont happen anymore.
1. Function
We can use Didnt used to to talk about past states in negative or we can use Didn`t
used to to talk
about repeated past actions in negative.
Didn`t used to is only for past states/actions that dont happen now.
2.-Special Features
Aff:

Subject

+ used to + verb base form + complement.

Neg: + didnt use to + Subject verb base form + complement.

Int: Did + Subject + use to + verb base form + complement + ?
3.Examples
We didn`t use to live in New York when I was a kid.
I didnt use to swim when I was at school.
He didn`t use to do homework on weekends.

4.Exercises
We

didn`t use

to go to the beach after school.

We

didn`t use

to put on our swimsuits.

We

didn`t use

to head for the waves.

Theguys

didn`tuse

to smoke and act "cool".

c)Description: Would
Would expresses that an activity was routine, typical behavior, frequently repeated.
1.Function
To talk about the past, about something we used to do long ago but no longer do.
2.Special Features
Aff: Subject + would + verb base form + complement.
Neg: Subject + wouldnt + verb base form + complement.
Int: would + Subject + verb base form + complement + ?

3.Examples
I would go to the beach after school.
I wouldn`t go to the beach after school.
Would I go to the beach after school?

4.Exercises
We

would

go to the beach after school.

We

would puton ourswimsuits.

We

would head forthewaves.

Theguys

would smoke and act "cool".

*Further information at: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/grammarreference/past-habitused-towouldpast-simple and http://www.grammarquizzes.com/past1c.html

B) Past Perfect Simple

1. Description
This tense is formed using two components: the verb have (in past tense), and the
past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED
(just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you
have to learn.
2. Function
The Past Perfect Tense is often used in English when we are relating two events
whichhappened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first.
3. Special Features
Here are the rules, using the regular verb "arrive" and the irregular verb "eat.

(Regular verb)
Aff: Subject + had + verb in past participle + complement.
Neg: Subject + hadnt + verb in the participle + complement.
Int: Had + Subject + verb participle + complement + ?
(Irregular verb)
Aff: Subject + had + verb in past participle + complement.
Neg: Subject + hadnt + verb in the participle + complement.
Int: Had + Subject + verb participle + complement + ?
4. Exercises
Aff:
Neg:
Int:

I had arrived to the train station.

I hadn`t arrived to the train station.
Had I arrived to the train station?
Yes, I had.
No, I hadnt.

Aff:
Neg:
Int:

I had drunk a lot of beer.

I hadnt drunk a lot of beer.
Had I druck a lot of beer?
Yes, I had.
No, I hadnt.
*Further information and exercises at:
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pastpf.htm

Block lll
A) Vocabulary

1. Films

Actor: Actor
Actors: Actores
Actress: Actrices
Audience: Pblico, audiencia.
Cast: Reparto
Cinema: Cine
Climax: Clmax (desenlace de la pelcula)
Director: Director de cine
Extra: Figurante, actor extra.
Film: Pelcula (UK)
Genre: Gnero (tipo de pelcula)
Language: Idioma
Lead role: Papel principal
Main actor: Actor principal
Movie: Pelcula (USA)

Original Version: Versin original

Plot: Trama
Scene: Escena, escenario, decorado.
Script: Guin

1. Book genres
Biography/Autobiography - Narrative of a person's life. A true story about a real
person.
Essay - A short literary composition that reflects the author's outlook or point.
Narrative nonfiction - Factual information presented in a format which tells a story.
Speech - Public address or discourse.
Textbook - Authoritative and detailed factual description of a topic.
Reference book - Dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac, atlas, etc.
Romance
Satire
Tragedy
Comedy

B) Writing
1. Film review.
The Avengers(2012)
Cast:
RobertDowneyJr., Chris Evans,TomHiddleston, Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo,
Scarlett Johansson,JeremyRenner, Samuel
L.Jackson,ClarkGreggandCobieSmulders
Synopsis:

NickFury, director of the organization of peacekeeping known as SHIELD,

recruits IronMan, Hulk, Thor, and Captain America to form a team. The group
must stop Thor's brother, Loki, to prevent the destruction of the planet.
Review:
Sharing the narrative links with Thor and Captain America, this time revolves
more around the almighty Tesseract, a cube of renewable energy. Descendant of
Asgard, and sought by those who wish to impose power on Earth. An aspiring
rogue god, Loki (Tom Hiddlestone), escaped from their home planet and intends
to make the human race his subjects.
Meanwhile, Nick Fury agent tries to keep the peace, should take advantage of
supersized egos and skills of our group of supermen of several million dollars to
avoid an intergalactic war.
The satisfaction for those educated in the subject of Marvel, either by eating
comics or just get hooked when Iron Man was stratospheric in 2008, is that Joss
Whedon has created a film enthusiast action that takes all aspects successful the
each character franchise and improved tenfold.
Stark is funnier, referring to Thor as "Breaking Point" and thank God his
petulance downwardly. Banner, very well played by Mark Ruffalo, constantly
rubbing his hands and referring to Hulk as "the other" is a much more confident
person, and versions of Norton neurosis and Bana were in history.
But Natasha Romanoff Scarlett Johansson who emerges havoc with most of the
credit. Maybe it's not so surprising considering Whedon's predilection for strong
female characters (see Buffy and Dollhouse). She is the most rounded of
superheroes and share a genuine connection with most, if not all, of the whole
costume.
And therein lies the difference between this and the similarly grandiose Dark of
the Moon; Whedon ensures that worry about these characters before the start of
the impressive destruction of concrete. There is a real sense thanks to the
brilliant performances, this group is a team fighting for each other.
Reunited with enough to breathe each of the characters that shine in no time
threatens to become a gooey film and soulless space; this is definitely a great
movie spectacular proportions.

2. Book review.
Book: The battles in the desert
Author: Jos EmilioPacheco

Synopsis:
The battles in the desert, develops the love story of a boy named Charlie who falls
for the mother of his best friend (Jim). One day Carlos decided to tell his love
(Mariana) about your feelings for it escapes from school without permission to go
to the house of Mariana and confess what happened to her feelings, but people
realized what was happening took it like crazy, without knowing pure and sincere
love of the child's parents Carlitos thought this needed professional help for it led
him to a priest and a psychologist to help; in subsequent problems worsened and
Jim stopped being his enemy and became something much worse than enemies.
Review:
The work Battles in the Desert is a work of the author Jos Emilio Pacheco, where
the author is primarily aimed at adults as it tells a love story and a little history of
our country, but why not also children and youth.
The style that the author uses is a formal style, although the style is simple; in
some cases uses a style as old as a book a few decades ago the language is dated
for these times is.
The author addresses the issue of the political situation that our Mexico passes
around the 50's, especially the city of Mexico, where the story unfolds, it also
addresses issues such as evolution or rather the change in our country rural to an
urban country with technology of the time.