Example of fluid : WATER

Proces data :
P1 :

P2 :

deltaP:

T:

1 kgf/cm2G =
=

14.223 psig
28.923 psia

= 199.2795 kPa

0.5 kgf/cm2G = 7.1115 psig

= 21.8115 psia

= 150.2812 kPa

7.1115 psia
48.998 kPa

(deltaP of absolute pressure)

(deltaP of absolute pressure)

100 degC

=
=

212 degF
373 K

1000 kg/m3

62 lb/ft3

1 T/H

=
=

1000 kg/h
1 m3/h

1 m3/h

=
=

1000 kg/h
4.403 gpm

v @ FTP :

1 cp
1 Pas

=
=

0.001 Pas
1000 cp

Pv :

1 kgf/cm2G =
=

14.223 psig
28.923 psia

= 199.2795 kPa

2 kgf/cm2G =
=

28.446 psig
43.146 psia

= 297.2759 kPa

rho :
Q:

Pc :

v:

1 m2/s

u:
v:

1 cp
1E-006 m2/s

=
=

2200 lb/h
4.403 gpm

2200 lb/h

(kinematic viscosity)

0.001 Pas

(dynamic viscosity)

(inlet ABSOLUTE pressure)

outlet ABSOLUTE pressure)

Valve & Piping data :

D1 :
1 inch
D2 :
1 inch
d:
1 inch
Fl :

=
=
=

@ page 26 Table 2 ISA 75.0

=
0.9 (example)

Calculation :
1. Check flow is chocked or non-chock
1.a. Non-choked flow without attached

48.99824 <

43.461

where Ff :

(ABSOLUTE vapor pressure)

0.7307

if Non-choked flow without attached fi

(ABSOLUTE thermodynamic critical pressure)

Cv =
Kv=

1.652
1.429

Next, calculate Reynolds number :

viscosity)
=

28699

25.4 mm
25.4 mm
25.4 mm

e 26 Table 2 ISA 75.01

(example)

hocked or non-chocked
ow without attached fitting

ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa

ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa

w without attached fitting, then the Cv :

N1 =

0.0865 (m3/h, kPa)

ynolds number :
N2 =
N4 =
Fd =
> 10000 = TURBULENT

0.0016 (mm)
0.0707 (m3/h, m2/s)
0.46 (@ Table 2 of ISA75.01 valve style modifier)

1.b. Choked flow without attached fitting

48.99824 >=

43.46137 ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa

if choked flow without attached fitting, then the Cv :

Cv=
Kv=

1.753607
1.51687

Next, calculate Reynolds number :

Rev=
27853.85 > 10000 = TURBULENT

modifier)

1.c. Non-choked flow with attached fitting

Before calculate above equation, use the following :

Iterasi 1 : Fp =
1
Ci = C from calculated non-chocked flow
=
1.428597 (non-chocked)
Calculate Flp :

where

=
where

Calculate :

48.99824 <

43.46137 ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa

0.9

Calculate C :
Cv =
Kv =
Ci/C1

1.651557
1.428597

if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AL48 row as calculated Cv =

else, then continue to 2nd Iteration :
Iterasi 2 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 1st iteration:
=

1.651557

where

where

Calculate Flp using Cv in 1st iteration :

0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 <
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.651557
C1/C2 =
1
Kv =
1.428597
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ73 row as calculated Cv =
1.651557
else, then continue to 3rd Iteration :
Iterasi 3 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 2nd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 2nd iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 <
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.651557
C2/C3 =
1
Kv =
1.428597
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ83 row as calculated Cv =
1.651557
else, then continue to 4th Iteration :
Iterasi 4 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 3rd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 3rd iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :

48.99824 <
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.651557
C3/C4 =
1
Kv =
1.428597
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ93 row as calculated Cv =
1.651557
else, then continue to 5th Iteration :
Iterasi 5 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 4th iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 4th iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 <
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.651557
C4/C5 =
1
Kv =
1.428597
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ103 row as calculated Cv = 1.651557
else, then continue to 6th Iteration :

1.d. Choked flow with attached fitting

Before calculate above equation, use the following :

Iterasi 1 : Fp =
1
Ci = C from calculated chocked flow
=
1.51687 (choked)
Flp =
48.99824 >=
Calculate C :

0.9
43.46137 ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa

Cv =
1.753607
Ci/C1 =
1
Kv =
1.51687
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS30 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 2nd Iteration :
Iterasi 2 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 1st iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 1st iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 >=
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.753607
C1/C2 =
1
Kv =
1.51687
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ40 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 3rd Iteration :
Iterasi 3 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 2nd iteration:
Fp =
1

Calculate Flp using Cv in 2nd iteration :

0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 >=
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.753607
C2/C3 =
1
Kv =
1.51687
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS50 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 4th Iteration :
Iterasi 4 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 3rd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 3rd iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 >=
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.753607
C3/C4 =
1
Kv =
1.51687
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS60 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 5th Iteration :
Iterasi 5 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 4th iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 4th iteration :
0.9
Check chocked or non-chocked :
48.99824 >=
43.46137
ABSOLUTE pressure of kPa
Calculate C :
Cv =
1.753607
C4/C5 =
1
Kv =
1.51687
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS70 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 6th Iteration :

1.753607

ressure of kPa

1.753607

ressure of kPa

1.753607

ressure of kPa

1.753607

ressure of kPa

1.753607

Example of fluid : CO2

Proces data :
P1 :

P2 :

deltaP:

1 kgf/cm2G =
=

14.223 psig
28.923 psia

= 199.2795 kPa

0.5 kgf/cm2G = 7.1115 psig

= 21.8115 psia

= 150.2812 kPa

7.1115 psia
48.998 kPa

(deltaP of absolute pressure)

(deltaP of absolute pressure)

T1 :

100 degC

=
=

212 degF
373 K

rho :

1000 kg/m3

62 lb/ft3

1 T/H

=
=

1000 kg/h
1 m3/h

1 m3/h

=
=

1000 kg/h
4.403 gpm

v @ FTP :

1 cp
1 Pas

=
=

0.001 Pas
1000 cp

Pv :

1 kgf/cm2G =
=

14.223 psig
28.923 psia

= 199.2795 kPa

2 kgf/cm2G =
=

28.446 psig
43.146 psia

= 297.2759 kPa

Q:

Pc :

v:
M:

1 m2/s
44 kg/kmol

2200 lb/h

(molecular mass)

1.3 (specific heat ratio)

Z:

0.988 (compressibility factor)

1 cp
1E-006 m2/s

2200 lb/h
4.403 gpm

(kinematic viscosity)

j:

u:
v:

=
=

0.001 Pas

(dynamic viscosity)

http://www2.spiraxsarco.com/esc/SS_Properties.aspx
http://www2.spiraxsarco.com/esc/SH_Properties.aspx

(inlet ABSOLUTE pressure)

outlet ABSOLUTE pressure)

Valve & Piping data :

D1 :
1 inch
D2 :
1 inch
d:
1 inch
Fl :

@ page 26 Table 2 ISA 75.0

=
0.9

Xt :

@ page 26 Table 2 ISA 75.0

=
0.6

Calculation :
1. Check flow is chocked or non-chock
1.a. Non-choked flow without attached

0.245877 <

0.55714

where Fj :

if Non-choked flow without attached fi

(ABSOLUTE vapor pressure)

where Y :
(ABSOLUTE thermodynamic critical pressure)

Cv =
Kv=

36.22
31.33

Next, calculate Reynolds number :

viscosity)

0.00745

=
=
=

25.4 mm
25.4 mm
25.4 mm

e 26 Table 2 ISA 75.01

(example)

e 26 Table 2 ISA 75.01

(example)

hocked or non-chocked
flow without attached fitting
X = deltaP/P1

= 0.928571

w without attached fitting, then the Cv :

N8 =

0.948 (kg/h, kPa, K)

= 0.852894

ynolds number :
N2 =
N4 =
Fd =
> 10000 = TURBULENT

0.0016 (mm)
0.0707 (m3/h, m2/s)
0.46 (@ Table 2 of ISA75.01 valve style modifier)

1.b. Choked flow without attached fitting

0.245877 >=

0.557143

if choked flow without attached fitting, then the Cv :

Cv=
Kv=

30.76993
26.61599

Next, calculate Reynolds number :

Rev=
0.007762 > 10000 = TURBULENT

modifier)

1.c. Non-choked flow with attached fitting

Before calculate above equation, use the following :

Iterasi 1 : Fp =
1
Ci = C from calculated non-chocked flow
=
31.33269 (non-chocked)
N5 =

0.0018 (mm)

Calculate Xtp :
Xtp =

where

=
where

Calculate :

0.245877 <

0.557143

0.6

Calculate C :
Cv =
Kv =
Ci/C1

36.22276
31.33269

if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AL48 row as calculated Cv =

else, then continue to 2nd Iteration :
Iterasi 2 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 1st iteration:
=

36.22276

where

where

Calculate Xtp using Cv in 1st iteration :

0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 <
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
36.22276
C1/C2 =
1
Kv =
31.33269
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ73 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 3rd Iteration :
Iterasi 3 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 2nd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Xtp using Cv in 2nd iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 <
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
36.22276
C2/C3 =
1
Kv =
31.33269
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ83 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 4th Iteration :
Iterasi 4 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 3rd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Xtp using Cv in 3rd iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :

36.22276

36.22276

0.245877 <
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
36.22276
C3/C4 =
1
Kv =
31.33269
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ93 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 5th Iteration :
Iterasi 5 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 4th iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Xtp using Cv in 4th iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 <
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
36.22276
C4/C5 =
1
Kv =
31.33269
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ103 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 6th Iteration :

36.22276

36.22276

1.d. Choked flow with attached fitting

Before calculate above equation, use the following :

Iterasi 1 : Fp =
1
Ci = C from calculated chocked flow
=
26.61599 (choked)
Xtp =
0.245877 >=
Calculate C :

0.6
0.557143

Cv =
30.76993
Ci/C1 =
1
Kv =
26.61599
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS30 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 2nd Iteration :
Iterasi 2 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 1st iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Xtp using Cv in 1st iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 >=
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
30.76993
C1/C2 =
1
Kv =
26.61599
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AJ40 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 3rd Iteration :
Iterasi 3 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 2nd iteration:
Fp =
1

Calculate Xtp using Cv in 2nd iteration :

0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 >=
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
30.76993
C2/C3 =
1
Kv =
26.61599
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS50 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 4th Iteration :
Iterasi 4 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 3rd iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Xtp using Cv in 3rd iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 >=
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
30.76993
C3/C4 =
1
Kv =
26.61599
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS60 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 5th Iteration :
Iterasi 5 : Calculate Fp using Cv in 4th iteration:
Fp =
1
Calculate Flp using Cv in 4th iteration :
0.6
Check chocked or non-chocked :
0.245877 >=
0.557143
Calculate C :
Cv =
30.76993
C4/C5 =
1
Kv =
26.61599
if Ci/C > 0.99, then used Cv in the AS70 row as calculated Cv =
else, then continue to 6th Iteration :

30.76993

30.76993

30.76993

30.76993

30.76993