Active and Passive Voice

TO BE : be ;
am.is, are - present
was, were - past
has been, have been - present perfet
had been - past perfect
MODALS : must, can, shall, should, will, would, etc
do, does, did
Now we are still talking about them especially when we are talking about
Passive Voice. In Bahasa Indonesia there are :
1. Saya memanggil = I am calling--- Active
2. Saya dipanggil = I am called -- Passive
Where is the difference?
It is in the VERB
- VERB + ing in no 1 is Active
- Verb III or Past Participle is Passive
How to make a Passive from Active ?
1. Subject in Active becomes Object in Passive
Object in Active becomes Subject in Passive
3. Tenses ( Time) is like in Active
2. To be + Verb III

E.g :

Active : I write a letter = Saya menulis sepucuk surat

Passive : A letter is written by me = Sepucuk surat ditulis oleh saya.

Past
Active : He hated me = Ia membenci saya
Passive : I was hated by him = Saya dibenci olehnya
Remember again :
1. To be and the subject.
I am - He is. - She is They are the police are the lady is etc.
The changing of Subject to Object
I -> me, you -> you, he -> him, she ->her, we-> us, they -> them, it ->
it.
The changing of irregular verbs and regular verbs.
Murder murdered murdered, spend spent spent, etc
Verb I and Verb II -> Verb III (past participle)
Verb I Verb III -> To hate > hated, to eat -> eaten
Verb II Verb III -> Knew > known , wrote written
2. The changing of singular and plural of personal pronouns.
Otherwise you will have difficulties in the placement of to be
(am,is,are,etc)
e.g. : he is typing a letter ----- A letter is typed by him
The police arrested the thief The thief was arrested by the police

Active to passive voice

Simple Present
Rumus : Noun + is/am/are + verb III
Active : I write a letter
Passive : A letter is written by me

Present Continuous
Rumus : Noun + is/am/are + being + verb III
Active : He is buying a car
Passive : A car is being bought by him
Simple past
Rumus : Noun + was/were + verb III
Active : The judge sentenced the convicted 5 years imprisonment
Passive : The convicted was sentenced 5 years imprisonment by the judge
Past Continuous
Rumus : Noun + was/were + being + verb III
Active : The officer was investigating the case
Passive : The case was being investigated by the officer
Simple Future
Rumus : Noun + shall/will + be + verb III
Active : The judges will issue a verdict against the accused.
Passive : A verdict against the accused will be issued by the judges
Past Future
Rumus : Noun + should/would + be + verb III
Active : The investigator would hand in the file
Passive : The file would be handed in by the investigator
Simple Perfect
Rumus : Noun + has/have + been + verb III
Active : They have committed another crime

Passive : Another crime has been committed by them

Past Perfect
Rumus : Noun + had + been + verb III
Active : We had found your watch
Passive : Your watch had been found by us
Simple Future Perfect
Rumus : Noun + shall/will +have +been + verb III
Active : The witness shall have shown the evidence
Passive : The evidence will have been shown by the witness
Past Future Perfect
Rumus : Noun + should/would +have + been + verb III
Active : The major should have been invited the president
Passive : The president should have been invited by the major
Modals :
Rumus : Noun + must/shall/will/have to/has to + be +verb III
Active : Sugiarto must report his attendance to the police once a week
Passive : His attendance must be reported by to the police once a week