Annual Report 2012-2013

Annual
progressReport
20122013
Helping light
theway forward
Global
S u s ta i n a b l e
Elec tricit y
Member
Pa r t n e r sh i P
m i ss i o n
C o m pa n i e s
The Global Sustainable
Our mission is to play
Electricity Partnership (GSEP)
an active role in global
American Electric Power

United States
which comprises the
electricity issues in an
leading electricity companies
international framework
from the global electricity
and to promote sustainable
sectorpromotes sustainable
energy development. This
energy development through
diverse international group
electricity sector projects
offers electricity sector skills
and human capacity building
and practical competencies
activities in developing nations
in electricity generation,
worldwide. Our projects and
transmission and distribution.
activities are mainly financed
With international field-
by our member companies,
proven expertise in the
who also contribute in-kind
planning, management,
resources for their execution.
design, operation and

maintenance of energy
The opening of our
facilities, member companies
membership to major
assist and share their
electricity companies
know-how in the effective
from emerging countries
implementation of sustainable
emphasizes our commitment
energy development with
to a truly global mission
counterparts in developing
ofpromoting sustainable
and emerging countries.
energy development.
Comisin Federal
deElectricidad
Mexico
Duke Energy
United States
lectricit de France
France
Eletrobras
Brazil
Message fromthe Chair
Berlin Summit
United Nations Sustainable

Energy for All
On the International Stage
The Education for

Sustainable Energy
Development Program
10 1992-2013:
OurActivities Worldwide
12
Human Capacity
BuildingInitiatives
14
Eskom
South Africa
Argentina Patagonia
Wind-Diesel Hybrid and
Micro-Hydro Projects
16
Hydro-Qubec
Canada
Nepal Energy for

Education Project
18
JSC RusHydro
Russia
Dhiffushi Solar
IceProject
19
Kansai Electric Power

Company, Inc.
Japan
Uruguay Biogas
MicroGeneration
System Project
20
Highlighting aMilestone
ENEL S.p.A.
Italy
RWE AG
Germany
State Grid Corporation
ofChina
China
Tokyo Electric Power
Company, Inc.
Japan
Reaffirming
our commitment to
universal access
Message
fromthe Chair
hen Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon declared 2012 as the Year for

Sustainable Energy for All, we at the Global Sustainable Electricity
Partnership could not have been more delighted. After all, promoting renewable energy and universal access has been GSEPs mission
since our founding in 1992.
We wasted no time in supporting the Secretary-Generals goal to bring sustainable electricity
to the 1.3 billion people who, today, do not have it. We consider it a personal challenge.
Last June in Berlin, GSEPs Board of Directors agreed on three commitments, which were
publicly communicated at the Rio +20 conference:
Place 50,000 solar lanterns in partnership with the Global BrightLight Foundation in off-grid
communities around the world;
Expand our current capacity-building workshops in developing countries;

Fund the development of electrification roadmaps for Southern Africa and other regions.
Work has begun on all three of these commitments. It is my hope that this is just the beginning of what GSEP will do to help bring light to every corner of the planet.
In the past year, we built and commissioned two projects and a third will be dedicated this
summer. In Nepal, GSEP installed solar panels and computers at a rural school, demonstrating
the link between light and learning. In Argentina, the remote village of Cochico now receives
continuous clean power from a micro-hydro unit built over a glacial stream. This July, another
village in Argentina, Chorriaca, will receive three wind turbines meeting their power needs with
clean, renewable energy.
While designing and building our projects, we seek their short- and long-run sustainability.
This year we are pleased to celebrate the beginning of six years of operations of our awardwinning Galapagos San Cristbal Wind Project.
GSEP held two successful financing dialogues in Chile and Benin this year. These workshops
attracted private and public sector leaders from Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, facilitating understanding in financing of universal access. Additionally, GSEP conducted two energy
efficiency workshops in the Pacific Islands and a large hydroelectric workshop in central Russia.
We are thrilled at the chance to expand our scholarship program thanks to a generous contribution from global technology leader Emerson, which will finance the two-year education of
a deserving student in sustainable energy. Our scholarship program attracts hundreds of applicants each year and I hope Emersons vision inspires our many partner companies to follow suit.
Finally, we will be pleased in June to welcome a new member to the GSEP. Iberdrola of
Spain is a world leader in sustainable energy practices. We grow stronger as new members
bring ideas, creativity and commitment.
It has been my honor to serve as GSEPs chairman this year. Weve made great strides but
ours is always a work in progress. We ca never let up. 1.3 billion people are counting on us.
Jim Rogers, GSEP Chairman 2012-2013

Chairman, President and CEO, Duke Energy
1
A n n ua l p r o gr e ss R ep o r t 20122013
Berlin
Summit
Sharing views on
opportunities and challenges
lying ahead
Our Annual Summit is a unique international event where the heads ofthe
worlds leading electricity companies discuss relevant issues with other
leaders in the industry and distinguished guests.
The 2012 Summit took place on May 31st in Berlin,
was issued at the Berlin Summit. Based on a survey of
Germany. Joined by renowned experts such as
more than a hundred major public and private actors, as
Mr.Gnther Hermann Oettinger, European Commissioner
well as development banks and agencies over the course
for Energy, and Dr. Robert Ichord, Deputy Assistant
of two years, the report compiles the latest international
Secretary at the US Department of State, Bureau of
research on what elements are necessary to strengthen
Energy Resources, among others, the Global Sustainable
public-private partnerships and ensure their success. In
Electricity Partnerships (GSEP) Chairmen discussed the
this cutting-edge study, key recommendations and best
major challenges to be faced by electric utilities in the
practices are derived from the wealth of knowledge
next decade and the role utilities can have in accelerating
compiled, giving insights into the role these partnerships
the building of a low-carbon economy with universal
have in advancing the global deployment of low-carbon
access to electricity.
electricity and helping increase access to cleaner
The Chairmen believe that the next ten years will prove
electricity.
vital in the future of sustainable energy development.
At the Berlin Summit, the Chairmen also celebrated
Faced with concerns over resource availability, climate
our 20th anniversary. Coinciding with the UNs
change, energy security, and economic uncertainties,
International Year for Sustainable Energy for All, the
our Chairmen agreed that working together cooperatively
Chairmen reflected on how the GSEP has contributed
with all stakeholders will be the only way to provide
to sustainable energy development since its inception in
universal access to electricity and to meet growing
1992, and on ways to move forward. Another milestone
electricity demand across the world in a sustainable way.
was marked in Berlin with the official induction of
To underline the importance of public-private
Comisin Federal de Electricidad of Mexico as a member
partnerships, the second edition of the joint GSEP-UNEnergy report Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships
2
of the GSEP.
The GSEP Chairmen and guests

discuss around the table at the 2012
Summit in Berlin.
Berlin Summit Statement

It is essential to help build a common understanding of the electricity sectors challenges
and perspectives so that enabling environments are created in order to achieve a
positive impact in sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation and
adaptation strategies are developed for the electricity sector worldwide.
The Chairmen of the GSEP strongly assert that the use of a wide mix of electricity
generation is essential to meet the need for sustainable development and lower carbon
emissions everywhere. They identified the following 3 main challenges the international
power sector will face in the next ten years that must be overcome to accelerate the
building of a low-carbon economy with universal access to electricity:
1) Decarbonization of power generation by combining a well-balanced generation mix
including renewables and low-carbon generation such as large hydro, advanced coal
technologies and nuclear as base load with greater energy efficiency.
2) Optimization and adaptation of transmission, distribution and interconnection
systems. The integration of more renewable energy into the gridwith high
intermittence of sources, as well as the need for more load demand management,
better stabilization devices for the grids, and increased energy efficiency, immediately
places greater pressure on the electricity industry to invest in transmission and
distribution networks in preparation for such new challenges.
3) Guarantee of stakeholder affordability of electric energy supply. The first two
challenges will require large-scale investments in the power sector. Building
awareness of the financial costs involved in the electricity sector reform is vital.
Governments must define stable, coherent energy policies oriented to the long term
and a regulatory framework to attract public and private investments and ensure
proper unbiased market conditions, as well as a level playing field among different
technologies to encourage a well-balanced energy mix.
3
United Nations
Sustainable
Energy for All
Responding
to a call for action
In line with our mission to promote sustainable energy development, our

Chairmen proudly pledged three commitments as immediate contributions
to the United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative.
Led by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, SE4ALL aims
communities through a pay-as-you-go program to ensure
to mobilize key actors around the world in an effort to
that the beneficiaries take ownership and responsibility for
make sustainable energy for all a reality in 2030. Our
the lanterns and their care.
commitments to the initiative, announced during the
Currently, there are projects being reviewed for
UNs Rio+20 Conference in June2012, are:
implementation in Asia and Africa that will place close to
1) To provide 50,000 solar lanterns in partnership with
18,000 lamps. Other projects in these regions, as well
the Global BrightLight Foundation in order to increase
as in Latin America, are also being considered to reach
clean electricity access to off-grid households;
our target 50,000 lamps. The lamps placed in our Nepal
2) To expand our current capacity-building workshops in
Energy for Education project will also count towards this
developing countries in order to help develop local,
goal. Replacing kerosene, candles orin some cases
regional and sub-national capacities and improve the
animal waste with clean solar lanterns will improve
understanding of local circumstances;
indoor air quality, facilitate greater access to education,
3) To fund the development of electrification roadmaps
enhance personal safety and enrich the quality of life of
for Southern Africa and other underserved areas of
these communities. The simple provision of solar light will
the world, with the aim of showing how to provide
generate opportunitieseven economic onesthat these
access to electricity for 500 million people by 2025.
people currently lack.
The UN is calling for greater business sector
in the SE4ALL High-level Group in charge of mobilizing
Commitment to Expand
Current Capacity-Building
Workshop Program
commitments to the initiative.
We represent an international pool of expertise from the
involvement in achieving its goals, and some of our

Chairmen are leading the way with their participation
electricity industry, and as part of our mission, we build
Commitment to Provide
50,000 solar lanterns
local capacities by sharing this business know-how and

experiences. Under this commitment, we seek to build on the
In conjunction with the Global BrightLight Foundation,
GSEPs 20 years of experience and our members business
50,000 solar lanterns will be provided to off-grid households
know-how and expertise in electrification projects to develop
in developing countries. Without access to a reliable and
workshops with toolkits aimed at helping participants create
affordable source of energy, remote communities are the
sound business models for sustainable-energy projects.
most prone to poverty and low-quality living conditions. Off-
The first new program of regional workshops will focus
grid solutions are sometimes the most efficient way to give
on best practices for developing successful public-private
them access to clean energy. Priced comparatively to similar
partnerships (PPP) in the sustainable energy sector. Slated
kerosene lanterns, the solar lanterns will be provided to the
to begin in 2013, the workshops will be based on our
4
1.
Newly hired staff

getthe necessary
technical training to operate

the mini-hydro power
2
plant we commissioned in
the Ifugao province of the
Philippines in 2010.
Our actions
seminal 2 year survey of the best practices for successful
PPP, sharing the latest international consensus on what
works and what does not. We are partnering with the UN
2.
A newly trained park

ranger inspects one
of the PV systems that
andcommitments
weinstalled at the WPark

inthe limits of Benin,
Burkina Faso, and Niger
in2004.
are helping
Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) to integrate

our lessons learned with their experience and their
International PPP Center of Excellence.
Commitment to Fund
the development of the
Electrification Roadmap
forSouthern Africa
We pledged to help fund the Electrification Roadmap for
Southern Africa to help these countries both plan and
makeuniversal
access to
sustainable
electricity
identify how to connect their populations to the grid, and

implement these connections by identifying concrete project
development roll outs. The aim of this roadmap is to show
areality.
the way forward to providing access to electricity to about

100 million people in the region by 2030.
Working together with the Global Facilitation Team of
SE4ALL, the African Development Bank, and the World
Economic Forum, among others, we are looking to select
a group of countries from the region to begin the roadmap
with. The first steps would include the assessment of the
electrification needs and national plans of the participating
countries. The objective is to extend the initiative to the rest
of the region. Once completed, this roadmap initiative could
also be replicated in other regions of the world.
Through these commitments and our regular activities,
we will continue to show our strong support for the UN
SE4ALL initiative, aspiring to take on an increasing role in
facilitating energy access by 2030 with other organizations
ready to join the campaign.
5
On the
International
Stage
Joining forces with

other key international
organizations
As an organization of the worlds leading electricity companies, we firmly

believe that strong synergies can result when public, private and civil society
actors commit to working together for one common goal.
Announcing
our commitments
atRio+20
Partnering with R20
We participated at the UN Conference on Sustainable
Arnold Schwarzenegger, and led by regional governments
Together with R20, a non-profit coalition of partners

founded by the former Governor of California (USA),
Development (UNCSD), also referred to as the Rio+20,
to promote low-carbon and climate-resilient economic
held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from June 20-22, 2012.
development projects, policies, and best practices, we
Our participation centered on the public announcement
signed a partnership agreement to combine efforts
of our commitments to the UN SE4ALL initiative. At the
toward fostering the global use of renewable energy.
invitation of the UN Global Compact, the announcement
The agreement strengthens the capacity of both
was made at the Corporate Sustainability Forum on June
organizations to deliver practical results through
17th before a high-level audience. Well received by
strong sub-national action-oriented programs and
attendees, our commitments have since been highlighted
the development of precise business models that will
by the SE4ALL high-level group responsible for guiding
contribute to scaling up energy access and cleaner energy
the UN initiative.
initiatives. Our Executive Director joined the R20 Board
Taking advantage of this unique global platform, we
of Directors in February2013. At their annual conference
publicly unveiled the second edition of the joint GSEP-UN-
in Vienna, Our Chairman, Mr. Jim Rogers, presented the
Energy report Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships,
private sectors perspective on the future of electricity
issued at the Berlin Summit, which summarizes the latest
systems and on coping with climate change. He also
international research, based on a 2-year survey of over
reiterated GSEPs willingness to collaborate with R20.
one hundred major public and private actors, on the
the conference period, lending our voice to other key
Launching of
Global Electricity
Initiative at COP18
international organizations in the call to push forward the
In December2012, we attended the UN COP18/MOP8
objectives of the SE4ALL initiative. Our member Eletrobras
in Doha, Qatar. At the Global Business Day organized by
played a major role in showcasing GSEP initiatives through
the World Business Council for Sustainable Development
their multiple channels on site.
(WBCSD) and the International Chamber of Commerce,
success factors of strong public-private partnerships.

We also participated actively in other forums throughout
More than 40,000 people attended Rio+20, including
the Global Electricity Initiative (GEI) was launched on
legislators, mayors, UN officials, chief executive officers
December 3. This initiative brings together the GSEP,
and civil society leaders, making this an exceptional
the World Energy Council (WEC) and WBCSD, marking
chance to share our experiences and highlight our
the first time three of the worlds largest energy and
achievements.
sustainability networks have teamed up.
6
1.
[From Left to Right]

Mr. Chirstope Nuttal
(Executive Director, R20),

Ms. Martine Provost
2
(Executive Director, GSEP)

and Mr. Jim Rogers (GSEP
Chairman and Duke Energy
CEO and Chairman) sign
the R20-GSEP Partnerhsip
Partnering
Led by Philippe Joubert as its Executive Chair, theGEI
aims to support electrical utilities efforts to tackle climate change and improve energy access by building on
Agreement on October9,
2012.
withkey
2.
The newly strengthened GEI will identify, compile and

analyse the early action taken worldwide by electricity
utilities to enhance climate change mitigation and adap-
organizations
Sustainable Development"
side event in Rio+20
(June19, 2012), jointly
organized by UNIDO, the
strengthens
Brazilian Ministry of Mines

and Energy, Eletrobras,
Itaipu Binacional, the Sao
our capacity
Paulo Industries Federation,

the Rio de Janeiro Industries
tation. The Executive Chair will lead efforts to create a

dialogue and knowledge platform for utilities to exchange
and promote understanding in achieving energy access
and climate goals. Among its outputs, the GEI will document best practices and encourage their adoption in a
presents at the
"Renewable Energy for
the initiative spearheaded by our member Eskom and

launched at COP 17 at the end of 2011.
Our Executive Director
Federation, the Rio de
todeliver
Janeiro Municipality and

the Roberto Marinho
Foundation.
resultsthat
report to be released in October2013 during the World

Energy Congress in Daegu, South Korea.
Additionally, we published an editorial in the latest
edition of Climate Action Book, an annual publication
produced by Green Media in partnership with the UN
improve access
toenergy.
Environment Program. Our message focused on how

we, major players in the electricity sector, are putting
forward the business case for a bottom-up approach to
sustainable energy development and climate change
mitigation and adaptation, in support of the SE4ALL
initiative. Our projects demonstrate the viability of these
business models, and when developed with the right
partners, they can effectively help advance sustainable
energy solutions and contribute to the sustainable
development goals of some of the most vulnerable
developing nations in the world.
7
The Education
for Sustainable
Energy
Development
Program
Supporting
future academics and
practitioners
For over a decade, our scholarship program has helped exceptional

students build the future they want by supporting their studies in the field
of sustainable energy development.
The Education for Sustainable Energy Development
Beneficiaries of the ESED Program come from all
Scholarship Program (ESED) was established in 2001
regions of the world and pursue academic curricula
to support scholars from developing countries and
in different aspects of the multidisciplinary field of
economies in transition in their pursuit of advanced
sustainable energy development, with a particular focus
studies related to sustainable energy development. In
on technology, environment and social development.
addition to the Masters scholarship offered, ESED also
The scholars host universities are prestigious academic
supports a web-based network of scholars designed to
institutions with strong sustainable energy development
encourage the sharing of information and knowledge
curricula and research programs.
among scholars and alumni.
The ESED Program encourages ESED scholars to
There is an increasing need to create a global
return to their home countries to apply their knowledge
network of practitioners and researchers in sustainable
and share their expertise. A high proportion of our
energy development that can reach out to academic
scholars do so, contributing in their communities as
institutions, industry, government and civil society in
practitioners of sustainable energy development.
order to encourage meaningful contributions to the body

of knowledge and research on sustainable development.
In line with the United Nations Agenda 21, our ESED
Program plays a significant role in supporting a growing
internationally diverse pool of outstanding students
Expanding
the ESED program
who represent the much-needed sustainable energy

development experts and practitioners of tomorrow.
We are excited to announce
Since the Programs inception, we have awarded
that thanks to the generous
eight postdoctoral and 75 Masters level scholarships
support of Emerson Process
to outstanding students from more than 30 different
Management, a global technology leader, the ESED
countries. A panel of distinguished professors and
program was able to award an additional two-year
experts from universities in North America, Europe and
scholarship to a deserving student in 2013. With
Japan reviews all applications.
the collaboration of sponsors like Emerson Process

Management, the ESED program can expand and
reach out to a growing community of outstanding
students from developing countries around the
world looking to pursue advanced studies in sustainable energy development fields.
8
In the spotlight
"What I have learned in my Masters is what I am applying today in my career. I have
brought back home my learning and experience in Denmark to make a significant contribution to my community here, like through our joint project with the Dhaulagri Community
Resources Development Centre that aims to develop an alternative sustainable income
activity for the impoverished Kumal community through the efficient use of spill energy
from an existing micro hydropower plant. I want to thank GSEP for its support, because without the ESED scholarship,
this would not have been possible for me."
A 2006 ESED Scholar, Mr. Baral attended Aalborg University in Denmark and completed a Masters degree in Sustainable
Energy Planning and Management. After returning to Nepal, Mr. Baral established a professionally-run development
and management consulting firm, MIT Solutions (P) Ltd., which provides out-of-the-box solutions that are reliable and
efficient in achieving sustainable growth and development in the country. He is Managing Director, and leads their
Technology Transfer and Renewable Energy section. In addition, he teaches at the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Kathmandu University as visiting faculty for the Masters Program in Planning and Operation of Energy Systems.
S e l e c t e d C a n d i dat e s
ESED Selec ted Recipients
f o r t h e 2013 E S E D S c h o l a r sh i p
(20012013)
A wa r ds
By region of origin
By host university country
Masters level
Africa
26 (31%)
Australia
3 (4%)
Mr. Sudip Ahikari, from Nepal, will pursue a two year Masters
Asia
26 (31%)
Brazil
2 (2%)
China
9 (11%)
Canada
6 (7%)
Denmark
2 (2%)
in Sustainable Energy Technology at the University of Twente,

Netherlands.
Mr. Maruf Ahmed, from Bangladesh, will pursue a two year
Masters in Energy and Sustainable Development at KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Mr. Zeru Berhane, from Eritrea, will pursue a Masters of
Applied Science in Sustainable Energy at Carleton University
in Canada.
Mr. Ryan Tulabing, from the Philippines, will pursue a two year
joint Masters in Management and Engineering of Environment
and Energy in France.
Ms. Muye Ru, from China, will pursue a two year Masters on
Environmental Management at Duke University in the United
States.
Ms. Maryam Shojaee, from Iran, will pursue a two year joint
Masters in Management and Engineering of Environment and
Energy at the cole de Mines de Nantes, France.
Mr. Joseph Ugwuanyi, from Nigeria, will pursue a one year
Masters in Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy
Eastern Europe
1 (1%)
India
4 (5%)
France
2 (2%)
Latin America
17 (21%)
Germany
8 (10%)
Japan
1 (1%)
By field of study

Multi-country
3 (4%)
Development
3 (4%)
Environment
10 (12%)
Netherlands
17 (21%)
Sweden
4 (5%)
Law
2 (2%)
Management
6 (7%)
Public policy
3 (4%)
Science
18 (22%)
Technology
41 (49%)
Switzerland
1 (1%)
Thailand
1 (1%)
UK
20 (24%)
USA
13 (16%)
systems at the University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
9
1992-2013:
OurActivities
Worldwide
Africa & Middle East
Asia
Country
Description
Country
Description
Multi-country
forAfrica
Improving environmental performance

and increasing plant efficiency
Multi-country
forAsia
Improving environmental performance

and increasing plant efficiency
Multi-country,
based in
Cameroon
and Kenya
Rural electricity workshop
Bangladesh
Assistance to transmission
anddistribution companies
Bhutan
Management strengthening
Micro-hydro plant (CDM)
Egypt
Institutional strengthening of thepower

sector
Seminar on electricity interconnection
with UNDESA
China
Clean coal technology seminar

Demand-side management
Environmental assessment ofthermal
power station
Multi-country,
based in Egypt
Environmental impact assessment

workshop
India
Technical assistance for environmental

management
Jordan
Demand-side management plan

Efficiency improvements in thermal
power plant (AIJ)
Environmental management programme
Indonesia
Renewable energy supply systems (AIJ)

Monitoring of renewable energysystems
Renewable energy and rural
electrification workshop
Multi-country,
based in Kenya
Regional Financing Electrification

Dialogues workshop
Multi-country,
based in Malaysia

workshop
Lebanon
Thermal power plant efficiency
Maldives
Republic
of Congo
Multi-country, based in Ethiopia and

Republic of Congo, Seminar on Electricity
Interconnections
Grid-connected photovoltaic (sun)

system project
Mongolia
Thermal power plant rehabilitation
South Africa
Demand-side management
Renewable mini-grid assessment
Nepal
Improving rural education with

photovoltaic systems and distribution
ofsolar home systems
Southern Africa
Environmental management
Environmental strategy
Financing Electrification Dialogues
workshop
Philippines
Mini-hydro plant to protect aWorld

Heritage Site
Tajikistan
Emergency assistance
Multi-country,
based in Syria

workshop
Thailand
Strengthening environmental institutions

Strengthening environmental agencies
Tunisia
Wind power to purify water supplies

(ongoing)
Multi-country,
based in Thailand
Multi-country,
based in Tunisia

workshop

workshop
Rural electricity workshop
Dialogues workshop
West Africa
Solar energy supply systems

inthe W Park
10
Eastern Europe
Oceania
Country
Description
Country
Description
Bulgaria
Energy efficiency in public buildings
Georgia
Inspection of the Inguri Dam

Seminar on regulation, institutional
relations and tariffs
Pacific Islands
countries, based
in Fiji, Guam,
Marshall Islands,
Palau
Multi-country,
based in
Switzerland
for Eastern
Europe

Dialogues workshop
Development of sustainable energy sites

with PPA
Photovoltaic (solar) systems workshops
with PPA
Demand-side management workshops
with PPA
Grid-connected solar power installations
workshop with PPA
Energy Efficiency Improvement
workshops with PPA
Multi-country,
based in Russia
Regional workshop on Best Practices

forLarge Hydropower Development
Tuvalu
Grid-connected solar power installations
Latin America
Country
Description
Argentina
Micro hydroelectric facility and a winddiesel plant for isolated communities

inPatagonia desert.
Brazil
Regional Workshop on Best Practices

forLarge Hydropower Development
Chile
Assessment of Chilo wind energy

andelectrification project
Multi-country,
based inChile

Dialogues workshopinitial and followup sessions
Ecuador
Workshop on the Clean Development

Mechanism
Substitution of diesel by wind power
inthe Galapagos
Solar PV generation and rationaluse
ofenergy
Micro-Solar Distance
LearningProgramme
Mexico
Environmental assessment
oftransmission line projects
Multi-country,
based in Mexico

workshop
Multi-country,
based in Paraguay

workshop
Uruguay
Biogas micro-generation system
11
Human Capacit y
BuildingInitiatives
Transfer of knowledge
and expertise
K e y Obj e c t iv e s :
In line with our core mission to promote sustainable energy

development (SED) worldwide and share our members expertise
with counterparts in developing countries, we have implemented
some 50 human capacity-building (HCB) initiatives in key
SEDfields.
L o ca t i o n s :
Western and Central Africa, Pacific Islands, Latin America, Eastern and Central Europe and Central Asia.
Participants at the Dialogue on Financing Sustainable Rural Electrification in Western and Central AfricaOctober2-3, 2012, Cotounou,Benin.
Dialogue on Financing
Sustainable Rur al
Electrification in Western
and Central Africa
Africa, including regulators, energy ministries, power
With the assistance and sponsorship of the Energy Facility of
of Benin, the workshop was a unique opportunity for
utilities, rural electrification agencies and companies,

equipment suppliers, and local, regional and international
financial organizations. Hosted by the Government
the European Commission and the collaboration of the ER
countries to exchange on their initiatives to promote
Club (Association of African Rural Electrification Agencies),
access to electricity, while adding a regional perspective.
this financing workshop was organized on October2-3,
The presence of financing organizations involved
2012 with the objective to transfer business-oriented
in electrification projects also provided an excellent
expertise on the financing of sustainable rural electrification
opportunity to inform the participants on existing and
and access to energy projects in Western and Central Africa.
future funds available. Participants agreed that the dialogue
Led by EDF and sponsored by American Electric
was helpful in understanding the different stakeholders
Power (AEP), this dialogue gathered key stakeholders
needs and concerns and set the proper environment for
of the rural electrification sector in Western and Central
project financing.
12
Energy Efficiency
Improvement Workshops
with PPA
between different players in the energy sector are extremely
The latest series of workshops developed jointly Pacific
to financing low-carbon electricity in the region. As part of
Power Association (PPA) focused on energy efficiency
our commitments to SE4ALL, we are looking forward to
improvement. Led by our member Kansai, the first
continue facilitating exchanges like these.
Dialogues like these that increase communication

helpful to identify, and subsequently eliminate, the barriers
Energy Efficiency Improvement workshop was held in the

Republic of Fiji from June11-15, 2012 and was attended
the Northern Pacific utilities. Training in both workshops
SECOND Regional
Workshop onthe Best
Pr actices for Large
Hydropower Development
concentrated on improving energy efficiency and demand-
Our workshop entitled Large Hydropower: Creating
side management.
Benefits for Sustainable Development took place in
by 20 representatives from the Southern Pacific member

utilities. A second workshop was organized in Guam
from August20-24, 2012 for 21 representatives from
These workshops are part of a series of technical
Samara, Russia from April24-25, 2013. Led by our
courses developed in partnership with the PPA since 2005,
member JSC RusHydro, this event followed our successful
targeting engineers and managers from the PPA member
First Regional Workshop on the Best Practices for Large
utilities. Well received in the region, these workshops are
Hydropower Development, led on our behalf by Eletrobras
helping develop local capacity and knowledge in aspects of
in 2011 in Tucuru, Brazil.
energy project development and implementation.
The objective of this second workshop was to create

an increased awareness about the role and benefits of
sustainable large hydropower projects in mitigating climate
SECOND Dialogue
on Financing Low-Carbon
Electricit y in Latin
America
change, in ensuring security of supply, in enhancing social
In collaboration with the Economic Commission for Latin
development, both in their targeted regions and across
America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Ibero-American
the world, that had helped them ensure the protection
Association of Energy Regulators (ARIAE), we developed a
and in some cases improvementof the surrounding
follow-up event to the high-level workshop organized in
environment, address mitigation measures that would
August2011 with the aim of deepening discussions on the
be acceptable to the population and the regulatory
challenges and opportunities in the financing of low-carbon
framework, increase transparency and accountability vis-
electricity in the region, focusing on the role of appropriate
-vis local stakeholders, and promote sustainable local and
regulatory frameworks for investment.
regional development. A highlight of the workshop, which
and environmental mitigation measures, and in stimulating

local and regional development. Local and international
experts presented best practices in large hydropower
Led by our member AEP, this dialogue involved, for the
was attended by close to 50 participants from 7 countries,
first time, discussions between regulators, regional public
was a technical visit of JSC RusHydros Zhigulevskaya
and private power company representatives and financial
hydropower plant.
institutions, creating a unique opportunity to share current

views and practices, helping companies and financial
institutions better recognize the regulation of low carbon
electricity in the region while helping regulators understand
"I am confident that with the level of representation at this
how risk is evaluated. Attended by 44 representatives from
Dialogue on Financing Sustainable Rural Electrification in
8 major countries in Latin America, participants agreed that
Western and Central Africa there will be an improvement
despite different realities, the balance is positive in favour
in the coming years to electricity access in our countries,
of more renewable energy in the region. ARIAE pledged to
thanks to a sustained support from the technical and
present the conclusions from the Dialogue to its members
financial partners that are present here."
in order to begin working on concrete actions that can

improve regulation.
Her Excellency Ms. Sofiatou Onifade Baba Moussa,

thenMinister of Energy of Benin
13
T e ch n o l o g y :
Hybrid wind-diesel and microhydro power
Argentina Patagonia Wind-Diesel

Hybrid and Micro-Hydro Projects
Reduce CO2 emissions by reducing diesel use and inefficiencies

Provide power 24 hours, 7 days a week to end-use customers
Promote local renewable energy sources for remote communities
L e ad c o m p a n y :
L o ca t i o n :
Duke Energy
Neuqun Province,
Argentina
Governor Jorge Sapag of the Province of
Representatives of Duke Energy and GSEP, the Governor of Neuqun, the leaders
Neuqun addresses the crowd at the Cochico
of the Chorriaca community, and the Director of EPEN, our local partners,
Micro-hydro Project groundbreaking ceremony
"breaktheground" at the Chorriaca wind turbine site during the groundbreaking
December6, 2012
ceremonyDecember5, 2012
Located in the Province of Neuqun, in the northern region of Patagonia, Argentina, these projects aim at providing sustainable sources of renewable energy to Cochico and Chorriaca, two remote communities in the area. Both
isolated from the national grid, they rely on diesel units that operate on a discontinuous basis for their electricity.
Cochico
Micro-Hydro Project
I mp l ementation
Following successful community outreach initiatives last

year to present the project, the issuance of all environmental
C oncept
permits and licences, as well as the successful creation of
Designed to take advantage of the natural resource benefit
a local non-profit foundation required to implement the
unique to the Coyuco valley where Cochico is located,
project, construction of the plant began in October2012.
a 65 kW run-off-river micro-hydropower plant is being
Attended by the Governor of Neuqun, leaders of the
built on the Alhueco Creek. Before 2010, electricity for
regions indigenous communities, representatives from
residential usage was inexistent. The current diesel
the GSEP and Duke Energy, and several families from
generator operates from 6 to 8 hours a day. With the new
the beneficiary communities, an official groundbreaking
micro-hydro plant, Cochico residents will have access to a
ceremony took place on December5, 2012 in Cochico.
sustainable electric service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Commissioning took place in May2013.
14
Chorriaca
Wind-Diesel Hybrid Project
S ustainab l e D e v e l opment
F ootp r int
Better access to a reliable source of cleaner energy will emC oncept
power the local communities of Cochico and Chorriaca to
Located at the foot of a steep hill, Chorriaca benefits from
improve their lives. The provision of this electricity will gen-
a constant wind. When demand for electricity in the com-
erate opportunities that these communities currently lack,
munity as well as several environmental and technical
making it central to their economic and sustainable develop-
issues were taken into consideration, it was found that a
ment. Local residents will be able to diversify their farming
hybrid wind-diesel systemthree 25 kW wind turbines and
and livestock economy and improve their quality of life. The
a 120 kW diesel generator, complete with a hybrid genera-
projects also promote regional economic activities by creat-
tion control systemwould be the most appropriate tech-
ing jobs for the local population during the construction and
nology to provide a constant source of cleaner electricity
operation of the power plants, and include the possibility of
for Chorriaca.
supporting other economic activities from available off-peak

energy, such as pumping water for irrigation. During the
I mp l ementation
community outreach activities, the local leaders pointed out
Community outreach activities were also conducted in
that they would consider developing their business activities
Chorriaca in 2012 to ensure the social acceptability of the
by introducing refrigeration facilities for meat conservation
project. The local foundation created for the Cochico project
and cheese fabrication with the new electricity.
will also be responsible for implementation of the Chorriaca
Not only will these projects contribute to the commun-
wind park. The official groundbreaking ceremony was held
ities social and economic development, they will also dis-
on December6, 2012. Shortly afterward, contracts with the
place a significant portion (average of 152 000 liters/year)
supplier for the turnkey hybrid wind-diesel system were
of the diesel currently used or projected to be used for
signed, and construction began early 2013. The projects
a 24/7 electricity service, thereby reducing CO2 emissions
commissioning is scheduled for late June2013.
and leading to fossil fuel savings.

Furthermore, these projects will provide a pilot experience for the development of renewable energy in isolated
Impact
of Both Projects
communities on the basis of selected locally available technology. The replicability potential of these projects is high.
In keeping with national and provincial interests to develop
C apacit y B ui l ding
renewable generation in general, and wind energy in par-
Both of the GSEPs Argentina-Patagonia projects feature
ticular, such experiences could be repeated in a number of
the transfer of knowledge and skills to the local community.
similar towns within the province of Neuqun and others
Ente Provincial de Energia del Neuqun (EPEN), the local
in Argentina that are isolated from the main grid.
utility and distribution company and our local partner,
The strong support provided by the Ente Provincial de
will be responsible for the operation and maintenance
Energia del Neuqun (EPEN), the local distribution company
of both systems. Led by experts of Duke Energy and
and our local partner, and the Provincial Government of
equipment suppliers, teams from EPEN will be trained
Neuqun has proven invaluable for the development of the
on both systems, gaining the necessary skills and know-
projects.
how to ensure the sustainability of the projects in each

community. By the time both projects are commissioned,
a total of 16 operators will have been trained. Creating this
local pool of knowledge of local-based renewable energy
systems was an important objective of the projects, in
order to support and encourage replicability opportunities
for other similar projects in surrounding communities.
15
Photovoltaic system
combined with a small solar
home systems program
Nepal Energy for Education

Project
To demonstrate the potential of solar energy as a viable power

source for improving education in the region
To use a photovoltaic system for lighting at two rural schools
andto launch a computer program
To provide clean portable small solar home systems for students
and residents in Matela, significantly reducing the emission of
toxic gases from the current use of kerosene lamps
L o ca t i o n :
Duke Energy
Matela VDC,
SurkhetDistrict, Nepal
Attendees receive hands-on training from PV experts during the technical training workshop
for the Nepal Energy for Education ProjectDecember13, 2012
Education is the key to unlocking the economic potential of communities, particularly in rural areas in developing
countries. The Energy for Education Project demonstrates the potential of solar energy as a viable power source
for improving education in the remote rural regions in Nepal.
C oncept
In addition to the PV systems, the project also pro-
Under this project, a combined 6.7 kW photovoltaic (PV)
poses a program to distribute portable small solar home
systems were installed in two rural schools in the Matela
systems (SSHS) to students and residents of the village
VDC of Surkhet District in western Nepal where electricity
to provide them with light in their homes. The provision
is not available. The systems will be used to light the class-
of clean SSHS to students will allow students to do their
rooms and operate computers at both the Malika Uchha
homework at home after dusk without having to inhale
Madhyamik Vidyalaya (Malika U Ma Vi) and the Rastriya
the toxic gases produced by the kerosene portable lamps
Madhyamik Vidyalaya (Rastriya Ma Vi) schools.
they currently have.
16
In total, around 10.6 kW of clean solar energy will
S ustainab l e D e v e l opment
be available to the residents of Matela from the installed
F ootp r int
stand-alone PV systems and the SSHS program.
To make the project financially sustainable, a small fee is
The cost of the project was approximately US$106,000,
charged for the use of the SSHScomparable to that paid
which includes the purchase of computers, SSHS and PV
by residents for kerosene lampsand for participation in
systems, the construction of the new computer room at
the computer program that will ensure the operation and
the Malika U Ma Vi School, as well as installation, among
general maintenance of the project. Fees were calculated
other things. The Beautiful Nepal Association (BNA), a
based on the ability of the families and students partici-
local NGO, and the Malika U Ma Vi Schools Management
pating in the project to pay. They were determined jointly
Committee set up an Operational Committee that will be
with the local partners after a survey of the schools stu-
responsible for the operation and management of the
dents and families.
SSHS program. Each school will manage its PV system,

with technical support from BNA.
This project will serve as a pilot in Nepal, demonstrating that solar energy can be used to improve education
in rural areas. The Nepalese governments Alternative
I mp l ementation
Energy Promotion Center has indicated that they would
The groundbreaking ceremony took place on Decem-
like to see this concept of "Energy for Education" replicat-
ber16, 2012 at the Malika U Ma Vi School. Construction
ed in other regions in the country. Since the PV systems
of the building that houses the computers began in late
technical workshop attracted an audience far beyond the
December, with the installation of the batteries and solar
beneficiaries of the project, it is likely that there will be lo-
panels following shortly after. Construction was com-
cal capacity in the region to support a replication strategy.
pleted approximately three months later. Success of the
Lessons learned from the project will be shared with all
project is being ensured by close collaboration between
stakeholders, including the Nepalese government.
the BNA, the schools Management Committee, and the

Alternative Energy Promotion Center from the Nepalese
government.
C apacit y B ui l ding
With the support of its members Duke Energy and Kansai

Power Electric Company, GSEP led a technical training
workshop on stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems
from December10-14, 2012 in Kathmandu, Nepal.
This workshop provided the technical training for the
future operation and maintenance (O&M) crew of the
PV systems. The workshop also enhanced local capacity
beyond this O&M crew by reaching out to current and
future implementers of solar PV technology in Nepal. A
total of 29participants attended the workshop, including
staff from BNA, energy and environment officers from
15 different districts in Nepal in addition to the Surkhet
district where the project will be implemented, repre-
This project proposal came from Mr. Niraj Subedi, a
sentatives from the beneficiary schools, from Kathmandu
2009 ESED Scholar. Mr. Subedi pursued his Masters
University, and from the Alternative Energy Promotion
studies in the field of Environmental and Energy Man-
Center.
agement at Twente University. His masters study thesis
A second workshop on the operation and mainten-
was based on the Nepalese Energy Policy. Drawing on
ance of the SSHS that are distributed to participating stu-
the work done during the preparation of his thesis, he
dents and residents of the Matela VDC was held to train
proposed the N epal Energy for Education project to
the local people responsible for repair and maintenance
GSEP. Mr. Niraj Subedi helped develop the Feasibility
of the SSHS and the PV systems at the schools.
Study for the project. He is currently working as Project

Manager for KfW Development Bank.
17
Photovoltaic (solar)
power
Dhiffushi Solar
IceProject
Promote the use of local renewable energy sources

India
Reduce CO2 emissions by reducing fossil fuel consumption
Sri Lanka
L o ca t i o n :
Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc.
Kaafu Dhiffushi Island,

Republic of Maldives
The Asian Development Bank (ADB), under its Asia

Solar Energy Initiative (ASEI) initiative, plans to generate
around 3,000 megawatts of solar power in the region.
This project will serve as a pilot for the replication of
similar projects across other islands in the Maldives under
theASEI.
To facilitate deployment of its replication and to
encourage the development of local capacity and knowhow, we, along with ADB, will carry out a full training
program on PV system design, construction, operation and
maintenance for Maldivian engineers. The first workshop
was completed in April2012, with a second final workshop
scheduled for summer 2013.
Construction is expected to begin once an amended
memorandum of understanding is signed between the
GSEP meets government representatives and partners to discuss
newly formed Ministry of Energy and Environment, the
theproject during an October2012 site visit.
State Electric Company Limited (STELCO), the GSEP and

ADB. Implementation will follow shortly after.
The Dhiffushi Solar Ice Project features the installation of

a 40 kW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system and
T he D hiffushi
an ice-making machine on Kaafu Dhiffushi Island in the
S o l a r I ce P r oject wi l l :
Maldives.
Send a symbolic message about the importance of
Like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the
global and concerted action for promotion of sustainable
Maldives is reliant on imported fuel for its diesel power
energy development worldwide and the fight against
generation system. Widely fluctuating oil prices, combined
climate change.
with growing concerns about global warming, can have
Provide momentum in the Maldives for a shift from full
a huge impact on the livelihood of the approximately
reliance on diesel generation to a hybrid system with a
330,000 residents in the Maldives where 80% of the total
renewable energy.
land mass is only a metre above sea level.

Not only will this project create a momentum for
the shift away from full reliance on diesel generation, it
Promote the use of local renewable energy sources

and reduce CO2 emissions by reducing fossil fuel
consumption.
will also enable the efficient use of solar energy for an
Transfer technological know-how about operation,
ice-making machine that will help the islands residents
installation and monitoring of a complex grid-connected
preserve fish for sale, as fishing is the main economic
PV system that will benefit the main economic activity of
activity in Dhiffushi.
Kaafu Dhiffushi Island.
18
Biogas
Uruguay Biogas
MicroGeneration System
Project
Reduce environmental impact of waste management
on water resources
Use project as a pilot for replication in other areas with
similarsocioeconomic contexts, increasing local incentives
touserenewable energies for the same purposes
Demonstrate significant greenhouse gas emission reduction
through use of local renewable energy
L o ca t i o n :
Eletrobras
Colonia Delta,
SanJos, Uruguay
Experts meets with leaders of the Colonia Delta community toexplain
Expert interviews residents from the Colonia Delta to complete
the project.
thefeasibility study.
The Colonia Delta community, located in the west of the
UTE (the public utility) in developing the project. This pro-
Department of San Jos, Uruguay, has been chosen for the
ject will be a model for replication in other regions and
installation of a biogas micro generation system. Manure
countries with similar social and economic contexts. Imple-
from its main cattle raising and dairy industry will be used
mentation of the project will begin shortly after completion
to produce heat and electricity through a biogas system.
of the feasibility study in March2013.
The installed biogas system will produce a total of approximately 240 kW of electricity, giving the beneficiaries,
T he U r ugua y B iogas
mainly small dairy farmers, the capacity to self-supply in
M ic r o - G ene r ation S y stem wi l l :
a sustainable way, as well as potentially sell the surplus
Reduce environmental impact of waste management on
energy to the local distribution network. Energy from this
water resources and improve environmental awareness
system will be used for electricity and heating by resi-
Provide a higher supply of sustainable electric energy to
dents in their households and businesses. Quality of life
the beneficiaries, giving them the capacity to self supply
for the residents of Colonia Delta will be further improved
and potential to increase incomes by selling excess
through a reduction of the environmental impact of dairy

and cattle-raising activities by decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions by around 5,302tons of CO2 per year, while
simultaneously improving the condition of surface and
groundwater resources.
We will work together with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and local actors such as
electricity back to the grid

Create local capacity in the development, operation, and
maintenance of a biogas chain
Use project as a pilot for replication in other areas with
similar socioeconomic contexts
Demonstrate significant greenhouse gas emission
reduction through use of local renewable energy
19
Highlighting
aMilestone
Celebrating our
GalapagosSanCristbal
IslandWind Project
Supplies approximately 32% ofthe islands electric needs annually through wind
power.
Registered under the Kyoto Protocols Clean Development Mechanism (approximately
11,000 Certified and Verified Emission Reduction certificates worth approximately
US$110,000 for purchase on the international market).
Financially stable and sustainable with annual revenue of approximately US$400,000
under a Power Purchase Agreement with ELECGALAPAGOS S.A., the local utility
company.
F o r mo r e info r mation : w w w. g l o b a l e l e c t r i c i t y. o r g /g a l a p a g o s
An important milestone was reached this year as our Galapagos San Cristbal Island Wind
Project entered its sixth year of operations. Since its commissioning in 2007, we are glad to
report that the project has been operating sustainably, both environmentally and financially.
With three 800 kW wind turbines, our project was the first large-scale wind project in
Ecuador. An iconic symbol of the success of localized sustainable energy development, the
project has displaced a total of one third of diesel consumption on San Cristbal.
We developed and constructed one of the worlds largest hybrid projects for which there
was no precedent in Ecuador. The fact that the project was developed in the fragile ecosystem
of the Galapagos Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site, raised the stakes even further. We were
committed to designing and constructing the project in strict compliance with environmental
laws and the recommended environmental safeguards. The results matched these high
performance expectations: since its commercial start-up in 2007, no petrels, an endangered
indigenous bird on the islands, have been injured because of the wind turbines.
The projects impressive track record and success rest on sensible management and a
willingness by the local community and national government to try new, different approaches
to introducing renewable energy on San Cristbal. The national government established new
policies to enable renewable power to be deployed and endorsed a new electricity price
tariff based on costs to generate power with the local wind resource. The training of the
project facilities operations and maintenance staff ensures the existence of highly qualified
professionals on the Galapagos Islands. Developing the technical and management skills of the
local population has increased their confidence in renewable energy projects.
Our partners are proud that the Galapagos San Cristbal Island Wind Project has been a
national pioneer in the use of wind resources and served as a reference for the development
of similar projects both in the Galapagos Islands and on Ecuadors mainland. Close collaboration
with our local partners, along with a strong design and a trustworthy team, have ensured the
projects successful operations since 2007. This hand-in-hand approach allows us to mark this
important milestone in our mission to promote sustainable energy development. Our legacy,
as with this flagship Project, is that our partners are keenly interested in sharing and replicating
their success locally and globally. This is a testament to the positive impact of our mission.
20
w w w.globalele c t r ic i t y.or g
Fo r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n :
Global Sustainable Electricity Partnership
General Secretariat
Tel.: +1-514-392-8876
Fax: +1-514-392-8900
generalsecretariat@hydro.qc.ca
Q2 2013
505 de Maisonneuve blvd. W, Lobby

Montreal QC H3A 3C2
CANADA

Annual Report 2012-2013

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Annual Report 2012-2013

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Annual

The Global Sustainable

Our mission is to play

Electricity Partnership (GSEP)

an active role in global

American Electric Power

which comprises the

leading electricity companies

from the global electricity

and to promote sustainable

energy development. This

energy development through

diverse international group

electricity sector projects

offers electricity sector skills

and human capacity building

and practical competencies

activities in developing nations

worldwide. Our projects and

transmission and distribution.

activities are mainly financed

With international field-

by our member companies,

proven expertise in the

who also contribute in-kind

resources for their execution.

design, operation and

The opening of our

facilities, member companies

assist and share their

know-how in the effective

from emerging countries

emphasizes our commitment

energy development with

to a truly global mission

and emerging countries.

Message fromthe Chair

United Nations Sustainable

On the International Stage

The Education for

Nepal Energy for

Kansai Electric Power

hen Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon declared 2012 as the Year for

We wasted no time in supporting the Secretary-Generals goal to bring sustainable electricity

Expand our current capacity-building workshops in developing countries;

Jim Rogers, GSEP Chairman 2012-2013

The 2012 Summit took place on May 31st in Berlin,

was issued at the Berlin Summit. Based on a survey of

Germany. Joined by renowned experts such as

more than a hundred major public and private actors, as

Mr.Gnther Hermann Oettinger, European Commissioner

well as development banks and agencies over the course

for Energy, and Dr. Robert Ichord, Deputy Assistant

of two years, the report compiles the latest international

Secretary at the US Department of State, Bureau of

research on what elements are necessary to strengthen

Energy Resources, among others, the Global Sustainable

public-private partnerships and ensure their success. In

Electricity Partnerships (GSEP) Chairmen discussed the

this cutting-edge study, key recommendations and best

major challenges to be faced by electric utilities in the

practices are derived from the wealth of knowledge

next decade and the role utilities can have in accelerating

compiled, giving insights into the role these partnerships