SPEECH ACTS

What is a speech?
>It is used to express the ideas that we have about something or someone
and it involves a specific context.
>It can be oral or written; correctness and appropriate, formal or informal.

En este caso, whats cooking es una expresin idiomtica que

literalmente

significa: que se est cocinando?, pero que en este contexto

equivale a un saludo informal que vendra siendo: en qu andas?

Speech acts:

"by saying something, we do something"

A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an
utterance (greet someone, make requests, make suggestions, ask questions,
give orders / prohibitions, make promises, give thanks, offer apologies, and so
on).

These acts are distinguished by the speaker's intention:

SPEECH ACTS

The act of saying something. (Locutionary Act)

What one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising.
(Illocutionary Act)
How one affects the audience. (Perlocutionary Act)

The linear communication model

The non linear communication model

Locution

Perlocution

Illocution

Context

Context

Locutionary Act: Is the act of saying or writing something.

The locutionary act:
Should be constructed in conformity to the rules of the language.
Has a signification or a literal meaning which is conveyed (TRANSMIT) by its
particular syntactic structure and wording.
Can be analyzed syntactically, morphologically, phonetically, etc.
i.e.: I am working now

SPEECH ACTS

I.
II.

Information about what the person is doing.

Classified as an active positive sentence conjugated in present
continuous tense.

Illocutionary Act: Is the intention that the speaker/writer has when uttering
something, the real meaning it takes because of the context where it is
produced.
i.e.: I am working now
Cases:
I.
II.

Father affirmative answer to his sons request to come to his house. *

Workers excuse to his friends invitation to watch the baseball game.*

Direct and Indirect Illocutionary Act

Direct I.A.

The locutionary act coincides with the illocutionary act.

i.e.:
Come here, Mark!
I shall phone you tomorrow at ten.

Indirect I.A.

The ilocutionary act does not coincide with the locutionary act.
i.e.:
Its hot in here.
It is too late to work at the furnace?

Perlocutionary Act: Is the efect produced in the listener/reader when they

listen or read a locutionary act (personal interpretation).
i.e.: I am working now
Cases:

SPEECH ACTS

I.
II.

The son could get angry with his father.

His friends could offer him to record the game in order to watch the
baseball game when he fishes..

OR ANY OTHER POSSIBILITY COULD ARISE

ENLACE RECOMENDADO CONEJEMPLOS PRACTICOS:
http://es.slideshare.net/desihernandez/pragmatics-43613646

SPEECH ACTS

Lets practice!

De acuerdo con las imgenes

Presentadas, describa:
2-Cmo se llevan a cabo los actos del
habla en cada una de las imgenes?
Toma en cuenta:
DEBE SER EN INGLES
Extraer cada uno de los actos locutivos
De acuerdo al acto locutivo, identificar
la intencin del hablante(ilocucion)
Finalmente, la reaccin producida
en el oyente(es decir, el oyente actuara
dependiendo lo que entienda)
Ejemplo:
Locution (lo que se dice o escribe):
it is raining cats and dogs*
>tipo de habla indirecta
Illocution(lo que se quiere decir/intencin):
>Informar sobre el estado climtico de
recias lluvias
Perlocution: lo que se entiende
>Preocupacin(en

este

caso

por

comprender bien lo que se le quiso decir)*

Nota: Estas son expresiones

idiomticas/refranes

por

lo

>no salir de casa

>tomar precauciones antes de salir

no

SPEECH ACTS

tanto su significado no es literal y es de tipo indirecto y se debe de tomar en

cuenta el contexto. Eso es lo interesante de los actos del habla porque se
requiere que el oyente comprenda lo que se le dice para que reaccione de
acuerdo al mensaje que se le quiso transmitir. Sin embargo, aqu te presento
otros ejemplos a continuacin de actos del

>En este caso el acto locutivo es el mensaje

emitido de manera escrita en el aviso

habla directos:

>el tipo de habla es directa

>el acto ilocutivo:

aconsejar para evitar

accidentes
> el acto perlocutivo: usar la ropa apropiada

Ahora es tu turno para

de seguridad

intentarlo otra vez!!!

SPEECH ACTS