SPEECH ACTS

What is a speech?
>It is used to express the ideas that we have about something or someone
and it involves a specific context.
>It can be oral or written; correctness and appropriate, formal or informal.

En este

cooking es una

caso,

whats

expresin

idiomtica que literalmente significa: que se est cocinando?, pero que en

este contexto equivale a un saludo informal que vendra siendo: en qu andas?

Speech acts:

ch acts, acts such as making statements, giving commands, asking questions, making promises, gree

"by saying something, we do something"

A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an
utterance (greet someone, make requests, make suggestions, ask questions,
give orders / prohibitions, make promises, give thanks, offer apologies, and so
on).

The linear communication model

SPEECH ACTS

These acts are distinguished by the speaker's intention:

The act of saying something. (Locutionary Act)

What one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising.
(Illocutionary Act)
How one affects the audience. (Perlocutionary Act)

M
Liesste
sa
ng
ee
r

Speake
r

The non linear communication model

Locution

Perlocution

Illocution
Context

Context

Locutionary Act: Is the act of saying or writing something.

The locutionary act:

Should be constructed in conformity to the rules of the language.

SPEECH ACTS

Has a signification or a literal meaning which is conveyed ( TRANSMIT) by its

particular syntactic structure and wording.
Can be analyzed syntactically, morphologically, phonetically, etc.

i.e.: I am working now

I.
II.

Information about what the person is doing.

Classified as an active positive sentence conjugated in present
continuous tense.

Illocutionary Act: Is the intention that the speaker/writer has when uttering
something, the real meaning it takes because of the context where it is
produced.
i.e.: I am working now
Cases:
I.
II.

Father affirmative answer to his sons request to come to his house. *

Workers excuse to his friends invitation to watch the baseball game.*

Direct and Indirect Illocutionary Act

Direct I.A.

The locutionary act coincides with the illocutionary act.

i.e.:

Indirect I.A.

Come here, Mark!

I shall phone you tomorrow at ten.

The ilocutionary act does not coincide with the locutionary act.
i.e.:

Its hot in here.

It is too late to work at the furnace?

SPEECH ACTS

Perlocutionary Act: Is the efect produced in the listener/reader when they

listen or read a locutionary act (personal interpretation).
i.e.: I am working now
Cases:
I.

The son could get angry with his father.

II.

His friends could offer him to record the game in order to watch the
baseball game when he fishes..

OR ANY OTHER POSSIBILITY COULD ARISE

ENLACE RECOMENDADO CONEJEMPLOS PRACTICOS:

http://es.slideshare.net/desihernandez/pragmatics-43613646

SPEECH ACTS

Lets practice!

De acuerdo con las imgenes

Presentadas, describa:
2-Cmo se llevan a cabo los actos del
habla en cada una de las imgenes?
Toma en cuenta:
DEBE SER EN INGLES
Extraer cada uno de los actos locutivos
De acuerdo al acto locutivo, identificar
la intencin del hablante(ilocucion)
Finalmente, la reaccin producida
en el oyente(es decir, el oyente actuara
dependiendo lo que entienda)
Ejemplo:
Locution (lo que se dice o escribe):
it is raining cats and dogs*
>tipo de habla indirecta
Illocution(lo que se quiere decir/intencin):
>Informar sobre el estado climtico de
recias lluvias
Perlocution: lo que se entiende
>Preocupacin(en
este
caso

por

comprender bien lo que se le quiso decir)*

>no salir de casa
>tomar precauciones antes de salir

no

SPEECH ACTS

Nota:

Estas

idiomticas/refranes

son
por

expresiones
lo

tanto

su

significado no es literal y es de tipo indirecto

y se debe de tomar en cuenta el contexto.
Eso es lo

interesante de los actos del habla porque se

requiere que el oyente comprenda lo que se le dice para que reaccione de
acuerdo al mensaje que se le quiso transmitir. Sin embargo, aqu te presento
otros ejemplos a continuacin de actos del habla directos:

Ahora es
intentarlo

>En este caso el acto locutivo es el mensaje

emitido de manera escrita en el aviso
>el tipo de habla es directa
>el acto ilocutivo: aconsejar para evitar
accidentes
> el acto perlocutivo: usar la ropa apropiada
de seguridad

tu turno para
otra vez!!!

SPEECH ACTS